Ukulinganisa Ingozi Yokudluliswa Ngokwehlobo Lokungabonakali
Lapho ukhuluma ngengozi ye-HIV, kubalulekile ukuqala ukubeka izimo ezine okumelwe zenzeke ukuze kuhanjiswe i-HIV:
- Kumele kube khona ukushisa komzimba lapho i-HIV ingaba khona . Lokhu kuhlanganisa umuthi, igazi, uketshezi lwesisu, noma ubisi lwebele. I-HIV ayikwazi ukuphumelela emoyeni noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-asidi, njengesisu noma isisu.
- Kumele kube khona indlela yokudlulisela lapho kusetshenziselwa khona amanzi omzimba . Imizila eyisisekelo yokudlulisela ihlanganisa imisebenzi ethile yezocansi, izinaliti ezabelwana , ukutholakala kwezempilo , noma ukudluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya komntwana .
- Kudingeka kube khona ukuthi igciwane lifinyelele amaseli asengozini ngaphakathi komzimba . Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuphuka noma ukungena kwesikhumba noma ngezicubu ze-mucosal ze-anus noma isiswini. I-HIV ayikwazi ukungena esikhunjeni esicacile.
- Kufanele kube namazinga okwanele wegciwane emzimbeni wamanzi . Yingakho amathe, ukujuluka, nezinyembezi yizinto ezingenakwenzeka ze-HIV kusukela ukuhlushwa kwegciwane kulezi ziphuzo zibhekwa njengenganele. Ukunciphisa ama-enzyme ematheni (okuthiwa i-lexicocte peptidase inhibitors eyimfihlo, noma i-SLPIs) ayaziwa kakhulu ekunciphiseni ikhono le-HIV lokukhula.
Ukunquma ukuthi umsebenzi "ubungozi obukhulu" noma "ubungozi obuphansi", ngenxa yalokho, kuxhomeke ekusebenzeni kahle komsebenzi ngamunye kulezi zimo ezine.
Ukudluliswa kwe-HIV Kungenzeka Ngemva Kokuphela Kwengculazi
Ukubeka iphesenti langempela "engozini" yomsebenzi othile ibhizinisi eliyinkimbinkimbi. Ngenkathi izibalo zingase ziphakamise ukuthi kunomuntu oyedwa-ku-200 (noma u-0.5%) ithuba lokutheleleka ngumsebenzi onjalo-nalokho, lokho akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukutheleleka ngemuva kokuvezwa okulodwa kuphela.
Esikhundleni salokho, amaphesenti angu-0.5 "ingozi ngayinye" yenzelwe ukukhombisa ukuthi isilinganiso sesifo esisodwa sizovela kubantu abangu-200 abenza umsebenzi othile. Akusho ukuthi kudingeka wenze okuthile izikhathi ezingu-200 ukuze uthole igciwane.
Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izilinganiso zengozi zisekelwe ezintweni ezimbili futhi izici ezimbili zodwa-ukuthi umuntu oyedwa unesandulela ngculaza kanti omunye akwenzi. Izindlela zokubambisana ezengeziwe, njengezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi , impilo ejwayelekile kanye nomthamo wegciwane lesandulela ngculaza , zingabuye zenze ingozi kuze kube yilapho umsebenzi ophansi wezingozi ngokungazelelwe uphakeme kakhulu.
Kulinganiswe Ingozi Yokudluliswa kwe-HIV Ngaphandle Kokuziveza
Izilinganiso ezingezansi akufanele zibhekwe njengezinqunyiwe kepha kunalokho zikhonza njengendlela yokuqonda ingozi ephathelene ne-HIV ngokuhlonza uhlobo. Izinombolo zisekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwe-meta-ukuhlolwa kwezibalo eziningana ezinkulu ezibheke ngqo engozini yokuveza amathuba.
| Ukuvezwa | Uhlobo lokungena | Ingozi Yokuzivocavoca |
| Anal | Ukucabangela ubulili obunqunu nge-ejaculation | 1.43% (eyodwa ngo-70) |
| I-sex anal eyamukelekile ngaphandle kokujula | 0.65% (eyodwa ku-154) | |
| Ubulili obudala bokufaka, abangasokile | 0.62% (eyodwa ngo-161) | |
| I-sex anal efakazayo, isokwe | 0.11% (eyodwa ngo-909) | |
| I-vaginal | Ubulili besilisa, i-female-to-male (izwe elinenzuzo ephezulu) | 0.04% (eyodwa ngo-2500) |
| Ubulili besilisa, abesilisa nabesifazane (izwe elinenzuzo ephezulu) | 0.08% (eyodwa ngo-1250) | |
| Ubulili besilisa, i-female-to-male (izwe elingenayo imali engenayo) | 0.38% (eyodwa ngo-263) | |
| Ubulili be-vaginal, abesilisa nabesifazane (izwe elingenayo imali engenayo) | 0.3% (eyodwa ku-333) | |
| Ubulili be-vaginal, i-HIV engenasifo | 0.07% (eyodwa ngo-1428) | |
| Ubulili bobulili obuse-vaginal, isandulela-ngculazi nesifo se-HIV esinesibindi | 0.55% (eyodwa ngo-180) | |
| I-Oral | I-oral-penile (fallatio), eyamukelekayo | 0% kuya ku-0.04% (eyodwa ngo-2500) |
| I-oral-penile (fallatio), ifakwe | 0% kuya ku-0.005% (eyodwa ngo-20000) | |
| I-oral-anal (anilingus), noma umlingani | ukunganaki | |
| I-oral-vaginal (cunnilingus), noma engumlingani | ukunganaki | |
| I-Percutaneous | Wabelane ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokujova , okungewona okwenzelwe i-disinfected | 0.67% (eyodwa ngo-149) |
| Ukulimala kwesidingo somsebenzi | 0.24% (eyodwa ngo-417) | |
| Isingeniso esingekho emsebenzini emsebenzini w / isirinji esilahliwe | ephansi ukuba inganaki | |
| Ukumpontshelwa ngegazi (i-US) | 0.0000056% (eyodwa ku-1.8 million) | |
| Ukukhulelwa | Umama kuya komntwana, akukho ukwelashwa kwama-antiretroviral (ART) | 25% (eyodwa kwezine) |
| Umama kuya komntwana, i-ART amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokulethwa | 0.8% (eyodwa ngo-125) | |
| Umama kuya komntwana, ku-ART ene-viral load | 0.1% (eyodwa ngo-1000) |
Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yakho Ye-HIV
Inhloso yokuqonda ingozi ehlobene naso ukuveza izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka noma ingozi yokudlulisela i-HIV kwabanye. Ngokuvamile, kuthatha kancane ukunciphisa ingozi. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziselwa kokusebenzisa amakhondomu kufana nokuncipha kwama-20 kwengozi ye-HIV, ngenkathi ukhetha ukungena okufakiwe ngokufaka ubulili obudala bokufaka umphumela ekunciphiseni kwama-13. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuba khona kwesifo sofuba noma isilonda somzimba kukhulisa ingozi ye-HIV noma yikuphi okuvela ngamaphesenti angama-200 kuya kwangu-400.
Ngokusobala into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukuhlola amathuba okudluliselwa nge-HIV ngumthwalo womuntu ogulayo.
Idatha yamanje iphakamisa ukuthi umuntu onegciwane lesandulela ngculaza elinomthamo wegciwane elingenakutholakali ngamaphesenti angama-96 amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV kunomuntu onesifo esitholakalayo.
Isu okuthiwa ukwelashwa njengokuvimbela (I-TasP) isekela ngokuqinile ukusetshenziswa kwe- antiretroviral therapy ukunciphisa ukutheleleka komuntu one-HIV. Kubuye kuqiniseke isidingo sokuhlolwa kokuqala ukunciphisa ubungozi emibhangqweni yokuxuba ( serodiscordant ).
Ukwazi i-serostatus yakho neyomlingani wakho kukuvumela ukuba wenze isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nendlela yokuzivikela kangcono-kungakhathaliseki ukugwema imisebenzi emikhulu engozini, sebenzisa ikhondomu, noma uhlole ngaphambi kokuchayeka kwe-prophylaxis (i-PrEP) njengendlela yokunciphisa Ukuthandana nomlingani ongenawo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza ukutheleleka.
Imithombo:
Jin, F .; Jansson, J .; Umthetho, M .; et al. "Kungenzeka ukuthi uxhumano lwe-HIV olwenziwa ngamadoda angqingili eSydney esikhathini se-HAART." AIDS . NgoMashi 27, 2010; 24 (6): 907-913.
UDosekun, O. kanye noFox, J. "Ukubuka kabanzi ngezingozi ezihlobene nezenzo zobulili ezahlukene ekudluliseni i-HIV." Imibono yanamuhla kwi-HIV ne-AIDS , ngoJulayi 2010; 5 (4): 291-297.
Boily, M .; I-Baggaley, i-R .; Wang, L .; et al. "Ingozi yokuhlukumezeka ngokobulili obuphathelene nokutheleleka nge-HIV ngesandulela ngculazi ngalunye: Ukubuyekezwa kwesistimu nokuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yezifundo zokuhlola." Izifo ezithathelwanayo zeLancet. February 2009; 9 (2): 118-129.
I-Baggaley, i-R .; Boily, M .; I-White, R .; et al. "Ingozi ye-HIV yokudlulisa ukubeletha kokubeletha nokuguqula igazi n: ukubuyekezwa okuhlelekile nokuhlaziywa kwe-meta." I-AIDS ; 20 (6): 805-812.
I-T .; et al. "Ukunciphisa Ingozi Yokudluliswa Kwegciwane lesandulela Ngculazi: Ukuqeda Ingozi Yomuntu Oyingculaza Ngokweqhaza Lokuzikhethela Ngomlingani, Umthetho Wezocansi, nokusetshenziswa Kwekhondomu." Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ; 29 (1): 38-43.