Ukuphulwa kwekhondomu nokulimala komzimba phakathi kohlu lokukhathazeka okungenzeka
Ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali kungenza ukungena ngokocansi kube mnandi ngokwengeziwe ngenkathi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuqhekeka ikhondomu. Eminyakeni yamuva, kuye kwaba nokusikisela ukuthi ezinye izingilazi zingakwazi ukwandisa ingozi ye-HIV , noma ngokunciphisa isakhiwo sekhondomu ye-latex noma kubangele ukulimala kwamangqamuzana amathiski amancane afaka isitho sangasese noma i-rectum.
Umbuzo uwukuthi, kungokoqobo kangakanani kulawa mabango?
Izinhlobo zamaLubricants
Izithasiselo ezisekelwe emanzini ziye zaphakanyiswa isikhathi eside kokubili ubulili besilisa nabesifazane basesiswini, okusetshenziselwa ukuthi kunganciphisa izinga lokunciphisa ikhondomu cishe ngamaphesenti amathathu kuya kwezingu-21 noma lapho kungekho okusetshenziselwa ukugcoba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinsimbi zokugcoba ngamafutha-njengamafutha omntwana, amafutha amaminerali, i-petroleum jelly, noma ukunciphisa imifino (okungukuthi, i-Crisco) -yaziwa ukuthi ihlaziye ngokushesha ubuqotho be-latex, ngokuvamile emaminithini, okwandisa ukukhishwa kwekhondomu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, amafutha asekelwe ngamafutha kufanele agwenywe ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Enye indlela enconyiwe, i -lubricants-based-lubricants (polydimethylsiloxane) inamazinga aphezulu e-viscosity nomthelela omncane ekugcineni kwe-latex. Ngenkathi ingavamile ukutholakala njengamatshe okugcoba ngamanzi, amakhemikhali amakhelisi ngokuvamile abhekwa njengophephile nanyana kunedatha yemitholampilo kuphela ekusekeleni lokhu, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nobulili obuyindlala .
Kukhona nezigulantshi ezisekelwe ku-glycol, lapho i-glycerine noma i-propylene glycol ingeziwe kumagesi amasiko asekelwe emanzini. Lezi zinhlanganisela eziphilayo zisebenza njengama- humectants , zivimbela ukuqhuma kwe-evaporation ukuqinisekisa ukuqubuka okuhlala njalo, futhi ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengokuphephile ukusetshenziswa.
Imithelela yamaLubricants
Kusukela ngo-2002, kuye kwaba nezifundo eziningana ezixwayisa ngomthelela wamatshe okugcoba amakhemikhali amancane ase-epithelial afaka ubulili kanye ne-rectum.
Esinye isifundo esinjalo siphenya ukusetshenziswa kwe- nonoxynol-9 , i-detergent evame ukusetshenziswa njenge-agent ye-spermicidal ukuvimbela ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV kwabesifazane.
Lolu cwaningo, olubandakanya abasebenzi bezocansi eThailand nase-Afrika, lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenzwa njalo kwe-nonoxynol-9 kwaphindwe kabili ingozi ye-HIV, uma kuqhathaniswa nabesifazane eqenjini le-placebo. Umonakalo we-Epithelial kanye nesilonda sesisu sasivame ukuphawula phakathi kwabasebenzisi be-nonoxynol-9, futhi.
Imiphumela efana nayo yabonakala lapho kucwaninga umthelela we-nonoxynol-9 kuma-tissue angama-rectal, kanti abaningi babhekene nokuqothula izicubu ezinama-rectal ngisho nokuphuma kwamagciwane kwezinye izimo. Ngenxa yalezi zifundo, izinsimbi zokugcoba ze-nonoxynol-9 azikhuthazwa abesifazane besengozini enkulu ye-HIV.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhathazeka akukhawulelanga kuphela kumagetsi anamanzi a-nonoxynol-9. Kusukela emuva kuka-2006, abaphenyi bebebheke izithako ezibhekwa njenge- hyperosmolar, okusho ukuthi zithinta ukushintshaniswa kwamanzi emangqamuzaneni, ukudweba amanzi nokubenza babe brittle futhi babuthakathaka. Ngokwenza kanjalo, banda amathuba okutheleleka ngokuvumela izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi (STIs) umzila oqondile ngokusebenzisa izithiyo zamaselula okumele zibavimbele.
Esinye isifundo esishicilelwe kahle, esakhiwe njengengxenye yoHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwe-Microbicide UCLA, kubonise ukuthi abantu abasebenzisa izigcoko zomuntu siqu ngokobulili obudala babesengozini engaba yintathu ye- chlamydia ne- gonorrhea uma beqhathaniswa nabasebenzisi abasebenza ngezikhathi ezithile noma abangejwayelekile.
Iningi labasebenzisi (amaphesenti angu-61) basebenzisa imikhiqizo esekelwe kwamanzi, kanti amaphesenti angama-20 asetshenziselwa ukugcoba amakhemikhali, amaphesenti angu-15 asebenzisa amakhemikhali asekelwe ngamafutha, kanti amaphesenti angu-7 asebenzisa i-agentating agent agent. Kuleli qembu labaguli abangu-421, abangu-229 babesilisa futhi abangu-192 babengabesifazana. Uphenyo olwethulwe ngo-2012, aluhlolisanga i-HIV nanoma iyiphi enye i-STI.
Ukuphepha kwamaLubricants
Esinye isifundo, eshicilelwe ngo-2012, sibheke umthelela wezinto ezihlukahlukene zokugcoba ngama-rectal tisses futhi sekuphelile, akumangazi ukuthi ingozi ehlukahlukene ngomkhiqizo. Eminye imikhiqizo yabonisa i-hyperosmolarity ekhuphukile ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu kasawoti kanye nama-carbohydrate kanti ezinye zaboniswa ukuthi i- iso-osmolar , lapho amazinga kasawoti kanye nezinye izithako ayengenathonya emasethini.
Kulezi mikhiqizo ezingu-14 eziphenywe, ama-lubricants amabili ase-water-based, i-iso-osmolar (i- Good Clean Love ne- PRÉ ) kanye namafutha amabili we-silicone (i- Wet Platinum ne- Condom Female ) yabonisa umthelela omubi kakhulu. Imikhiqizo equkethe i-chlorhexidine (evame ukusetshenziswa kuma-disinfectants nezimonyo) yabonakala ukuthi ibangele umonakalo omkhulu.
Naphezu kobufakazi besifo sobulili, abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi abukhokho ubufakazi bokuthi amakhemikhali abo ayanda ingozi ye-HIV. Ngokusho kocwaningo, noma yikuphi ukuhlukumezeka okwakubangelwa yi-lubricant kungenzeka ukuthi akwanele ngokwanele ukutheleleka nge-HIV. Ukwengeza, kwakungekho ushintsho oluncane emathisini okwenyuka kokusebenza ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwe-lubricant.
Ayikho yalezi zifundo ezimbili ezikhombisa ukuthi izigcoko ziyakugwema, ngoba lokhu kungase kubangele ukuhlukunyezwa okukhulu kwamathisini omzimba wesifazane / uhlangothi ngenkathi ukwandisa amathuba okuhluleka kokukhondomakho. Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luzogxila ekuboneni ama-compounds kanye / noma izithasiselo ezigcoba ezingase zingabi nengozi noma zilimaze izicubu.
Imithombo:
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Steiner, M .; et al. "Umthelela wamatshe okugcoba kwi-latex ikhondomu ngesikhathi socansi." I-International Journal ye-STD ne-AIDS. 5 (1): 29-36.
I-World Health Organization (WHO). "Sebenzisa kanye nokuthengwa kwamakhemikhali angeziwe amakhondomu abesilisa nabesifazane: WHO / UNFPA / FHI360." I-Geneva, eSwitzerland; 2012: WHO / RHR / 12.33.
I-Van Damme, L .; I-Ramjee, G .; U-Alary, M .; et al. "Ukuphumelela kwe-COL-1492, i-gel ye-vaginal nonoxynol-9, ekudlulisweni kwe-HIV-1 kubasebenzi besini: isilingo esilawulwa ngokungahleliwe." I-Lancet ; I-360 (9338): 971-977.
I-Gorbach, i-P .; Weiss, R .; I-Cranston, R .; et al. "I-slope elula: Ukusetshenziswa kwama-lubricant kanye nezifo ezithathelwana ngokocansi: ingozi esanda kutholakala." Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi. Januwari 2012; 39 (1): 59-64.