Indlela yokuvala ingenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu neziyinkimbinkimbi zezinhlelo ze-physiologic. Igazi kufanele ligijime ngokukhululekile emifuleni yegazi ukuze liqhubeke nokuphila. Kodwa uma isitsha segazi sigxilile, igazi kufanele livale ukuvimbela impilo ukuba igeleke. Ngakho-ke, igazi kumele linikeze uhlelo olungahle lusebenze ngokushesha-futhi lokho kungaqukatha endaweni yakho ukuyeka ukugeleza kwegazi.
Lolu hlelo lubizwa ngokuthi indlela yokuvala.
Ukwelapha noma ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa kwegazi okungavamile, odokotela kumele baqonde izici eziningi ezenziwe nge-clotting mechanism. Incazelo elandelayo ilula kakhulu kodwa yenzelwe ukunikeza ukuqonda okuyisisekelo ukuthi izidakamizwa eziningi ezisetshenziselwa kanjani ukuphatha izinkinga zokuqhaqhaza zisebenza, futhi ezinye izizathu zokuhlola ukwelashwa udokotela wakho angakunika yona.
I-clot yegazi?
Kunezici ezimbili eziyinhloko zendlela yokuvala ama- platelet , kanye ne-thrombin system.
Amaplatelets amakhi amancane amancane, awenziwe emnothweni wamathambo , ahamba emgodleni wegazi elinde inkinga yokuphuma igazi ukuthuthukisa. Uma ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka, ukushintsha kwamakhemikhali kushintsha ubuso beplatelet ukwenza kube "okunamathelayo." Kuthiwa kuthiwa amapulletti agxilile "asetshenzisiwe." "Amaplatelets asetshenzisiwe aqala ukunamathela odongeni lwesitsha segazi esakhiweni sokuphuma, futhi komunye nomunye.
Kungakapheli imizuzu embalwa, amaplatelets anamathelayo ahlanganisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "i-clot emhlophe." (A clump of platelet ubonakala emhlophe ngamehlo.)
Uhlelo lwe-thrombin luqukethe amaprotheni amaningi egazi okuthi, uma kuphuma igazi, kusebenze. Amaprotheni asebenzayo asebenzayo ahlanganyela ekuhlaselweni kwamakhemikhali okugcina ekukhiqizeni izinto ezibizwa nge-fibrin.
I-Fibrin ingacatshangwa njengensimbi ende, eqinile. UFibrin unamathele ekudongeni kwendwangu ebonakalayo, ehlangene ndawonye futhi ekwakheni inkimbinkimbi efana ne-web. Amaseli aphuzi egazi abanjwa phezulu kuwebhu, futhi kuthiwa "kukhona i-clot ebomvu".
Ijubane legazi elivuthiwe linamapulethi kanye nemigqa ye-fibrin, kanye nama-red red cells. Izinsimbi ze-fibrin zibopha ndawonye amaplatelets, futhi "ekugcineni zibophe" i-clot ukuze zizinze.
Emithambo yegazi, indlela yokuqothula eyinhloko ixhomeke kuma platelete. Emithanjeni, indlela yokuqothula eyinhloko igxile kwisistimu ye-thrombin. Kodwa empeleni, ama-platelet kanye ne-thrombin bahilelekile, ngezinga elilodwa noma elinye, kuwo wonke ama-blood clotting.
Indlela Yokuvala Ingabangela Kanjani Izinkinga?
Uhlelo lokugubha, njengezo zonke izimo ze-physologic eziyinkimbinkimbi, zingaveza izinkinga.
Ngokusobala, uma i-plateslet noma uhlelo lwe-thrombin engasebenzi kahle, iziqephu zegazi ezingavamile zingenzeka. Ukubalwa kweplatelet ephansi kungenzeka nge- chemotherapy , isibonelo, noma nge- leukemia . Izifo eziningana zofuzo, kuhlanganise ne- hemophilia , zingabangela uhlelo lwe-thrombin ukungasebenzi. Noma iyiphi yalezi zimo ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zokugaya igazi.
Indlela yokuvala ingabangela ukuthi ama-clots akha lapho angenza khona ukulimala, isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-thrombosis.
I-thrombosis ingenzeka emthonjeni we-coronary (noma umthambo ebuchosheni) uma i-plaque ye-atherosclerotic ihlukana Leli bhande elibanjwe lingavimbela ukugeleza kwegazi futhi lenze umonakalo enhliziyweni ( ukushaya kwenhliziyo ) noma ebuchosheni (isifo sohlangothi).
Ama-clots angavamile angase ayenze emithanjeni, kaningi imilenze yemilenze, ukukhiqiza isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i- thrombosis ejulile, noma i-DVT . Ama-cloth enamafutha angaphuma (embolize) futhi ahambe aye emaphashini, okwenza isimo esiyingozi esibizwa ngokuthi i- pulmonary embolus .
Ngakho-ke uhlelo oluvame ukusetshenziswa lokugudla luyadingeka ukuvimbela kokubili ukuphuma kwegazi ngokweqile nokweqa ngokweqile.
Ukugwinya Kwegazi Okungajwayelekile Kungenziwa Kanjani?
Ukusuka ngokweqile okubangelwa ukuntuleka kweplatelet kuvame ukuphathwa ngamaphilisi weplatelet ngenkathi kudingwa inkinga yeplatelet.
Ukuphazamiseka kwesistimu ye-thrombin kungadluliselwa, okwesikhashana, nge-infusion ye-plasma (efakazela izinto ezilahlekile noma ezingasebenzi).
Izidakamizwa ezihlose ukumisa ukwakheka kwezingubo zegazi zingabhekiswa ekuvimbeleni umsebenzi weplatelet, noma uhlelo lwe-thrombin. Ngenkathi zonke izifo ezihloselwe ukuvimbela ama-blood clots zinephrofayili yazo yemiphumela emibi, inkinga eyodwa ejwayelekile kuzo zonke lezi zokwelapha ukuphuma ngokweqile. Kumele sonke isetshenziswe ngokuqapha okufanelekile.
Izwi elivela
Ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesimiso sokugaya igazi kubalulekile empilweni. Ngaphandle kokuthi indlela yokuvala i-clotting isebenza ngaphakathi kokucaciswa kwayo okujwayelekile, okuncane, noma ukuphuma kwegazi okweqile, noma ifomu legazi lapho kungadingeki khona ukudala, ukulimaza izitho ezibalulekile.
Ukwelapha okungajwayelekile, ngakho-ke, kuyisici esibaluleke kakhulu sokwelashwa.
> Imithombo:
> I-Brass LF. I-Thrombin ne-Platelet Ukuqalisa. I-Chest 2003; 124: 18S.
> Furie B, Furie BC. Izindlela zeFrombus Formation. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 938.
> Goldhaber SZ. Izingozi Zengozi Ye-Thromboembolism Yama-Venous. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 56: 1.