Iziphazamiso zomsebenzi weplatelet yiqembu lezinkinga zokuphapha lapho amaplatelet engasebenzi ngendlela efanele, eholela ekuphumeni kwegazi. Lezi ziphazamiso zingathathwa njengefa (zidluliselwe emindeni) noma zitholakale (zithuthukiswe esikhathini esizayo).
Ziyini Izimpawu Ze-Platelet Function Disorder?
Ama-platelet ayiyingxenye yesistimu yethu yokuvala, uhlelo olusisiza ukuba siyeke ukuphuma.
Uma amapleletthi akho engasebenzi kahle, usengozini enkulu yokuphuma kwegazi. Izimpawu zingafaka:
- Ukulimala okwandisiwe
- I-Nosebleeds
- Ukuphuma kwegum
- I-Menorrhagia (ukuphuma ngokweqile kokuya esikhathini)
- Ukusuka isikhathi eside ngemuva kokunqunywa noma ukulimala
- Ukusuka isikhathi eside ngokuhlinzwa
Yini Ebangela Ukuphazamiseka Kwezinsizakalo Ze-Platelet?
Ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: i-congenital (ifa) noma itholakele. Iningi lezinkinga zibangelwa ukubeletha, kufaka phakathi:
- I-thrombasthenia kaGlanzmann
- I-Bernard-Soulier syndrome
- I-grey platelet syndrome
- Izifo ezihlobene ne-MYH9: May-Hegglin enganaki, i-Epstein syndrome, i-Fechtner syndrome, ne-Sebastian syndrome
- I-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: Lesi yisifo se-immunodeficiency namaplatelet angasebenzi. Kubonakala ngamaplatelet amancane kakhulu (izinkinga eziningi zomsebenzi weplatelet zijwayelekile kumaplatelete amakhulu).
- I-Chediak-Higashi syndrome
- I-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome
Izimbangela ezitholakalayo zihlanganisa:
- Imithi: Imithi efana ne-aspirin, i-dipyridamole (i-Persantine), ne-clopidgrel (i-Plavix) yenzelwe ukunciphisa umsebenzi weplatelets. Ibuprofen nayo iyanciphisa ukusebenza kwamaplatelets kodwa ngaphansi kwe-aspirin.
- Isifo sesibindi
- I-Uremia (isifo esinomsoco esinzima)
- Izinkinga ze-Myeloproliferative njenge-thrombocythemia ebalulekile
Iziphi izinkinga ze-Platelet Function Disorders ezibonwa kanjani?
Ephikisana nezinye izifo zeplatelet, ezivame ukwenziwa nenombolo yeplatelet (ephakanyisiwe noma eyancipha), ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet kungase kube nokubala okuvamile kweplatelet.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkinga zomsebenzi weplatelet zingaba ne- thrombocytopenia , noma inani eliphansi leplatelet. Ama-platelets kufanele abuyekezwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope kwi-blood smear ye-peripheral. Eziningana zezinkinga ze-platelet function congenital ziholela kuma-plateslet amakhulu kunawo wonke. Ezinye zilahlekile izingxenye eziyinhloko zamaplatelet, abizwa ngokuthi ama-granules, okubonakalayo. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-platelet ajwayelekile ngokubukeka nobukhulu.
Umsebenzi osele uqala ngokufanayo nakwezinye izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi. Ephikisana ne- hemophilia (i-disorder of coagulation izici), ukuhlolwa kokuhlola njenge-prothrombin time (PT) kanye nesikhathi esithile se-thromboplastin (PTT) kuvamile. Ukubona ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet kudinga ukuhlolwa okukhethekile. Ngezansi uhlu olufushane lwezivivinyo ezisetshenziswa ngokuvamile.
- Isikhathi sokukhipha: Lesi sivivinyo asibhekwa ngokucacile ukuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet futhi ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kokuhlolwa akubhekwa njengesivivinyo esinembile sesistimu yokuvala.
- I-Platelet function test: Lokhu kubhekwa ngabaningi ukuba kube ukuhlolwa okuhle kokuhlolwa kwezinkinga zeplatelet. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuthinteka inani leplatelet futhi kungenzeka ukuthi akunembile uma unezibalo eziphansi zeplatelet.
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Platelet aggregation: Lokhu kuhlolwa kubheka ukuthi amaplatelet ahlangene kanjani (aggregation) ekuphenduleni imibhalo ehlukene. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungasetshenziswa ukukala ukusebenza kwe-aspirin noma i-clopidogrel (i-Plavix) yokwelashwa.
- I-platelet electron microscopy: Lena indlela ekhethekile yokubheka amaplatelet ane-microscope ekhethekile engabona izingxenye ezihlukene zeplatelet.
Yiziphi Izindlela zokwelapha?
Ukwelashwa kusekelwe kulesi sifo somsebenzi weplatelet oyedwa onayo. Ezinye izifo zemisebenzi yeplatelet azidingeki ukwelashwa ngaphandle uma ukalimele noma udinga ukuhlinzwa.
- I-Aspirin ne-NSAID: Gwema i-aspirin noma okungezona-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) njenge-ibuprofen. Le mithi inciphisa ukusebenza kwamaplatelethi angase abe nengozi yokuphuma kwegazi.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-hormonal: Ngokufanayo nezinye izimbangela zokuphuma esikhathini esiqile, ukukhulelwa kwe-hormonal kungasetshenziswa ukugcina ukuphuma esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.
- Imithi ye-Anti-fibrinolytic: Ngoba kungaba nzima ukuba umzimba wenze ama-clots azinzile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezimanzi ze-mucosa (umlomo, impumu, njll), imithi ye-antifibrinolytic efana ne-Amicar noma i-Lysteda ingasetshenziswa ukuyeka ukuphuma kwegazi. Le mithi ivame ukusetshenziswa kulezi zimo ze-nosebleeds, i-gum bleeding, ne-menorrhagia. Zingasetshenziswa emva kwezinqubo zokuhlinza (ikakhulukazi, umlomo, impumu, nomphimbo) ukuvimbela ukuphuma kwegazi.
- Ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet: Ngisho nokuphazamiseka komsebenzi weplatelet ngezibalo ezijwayelekile zeplatelet, ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet kungasetshenziselwa ukuchithwa okukhulu noma uma udinga ukuya ekuhlinzekeni.
- Ukwenyuswa kwe-Factor VIIa (NovoSevenRT): Lo mkhiqizo wokufaka esikhundleni ungasetshenziswa kwezinye iziguli ezinezinkinga zomsebenzi weplatelet. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezingenakuthola ukumpontshelwa kweplatelet njengendlela yokwelashwa.