Amakilasi omuthi amasha ahlinzeka ngokulawula ukulawula i-glycemic
Ukwelapha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela se-2 kuye kwaguqulwa eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule ngokusungulwa kwemithi emisha, amakilasi ezidakamizwa, kanye nezinqubo zokwelashwa. Lezi zintuthuko zinikeza abantu abanesifo sikashukela ngohlu olubanzi lwezindlela zokwelapha ezihlangene ezikwazi ukuhlinzeka ngokulawulwa okunamandla kwe-glycemic esikhathini eside.
Imithi evunyelwe idilizwa yiklasi lezidakamizwa, ngalinye elihlinzeka ngezindlela ezahlukene zezenzo.
I-DPP-4 Inhibitors
I-dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors isebenza ngokuvimbela i-enzyme ye-DPP-4 ebulala i-hormone incretin. I-Incretins isiza umzimba ukuthi ukhiqize i-insulin engaphezulu uma kudingeka futhi unciphise inani le-glucose elikhiqizwa yisibindi uma kungadingeki. Kukhona okwamanje ama-inhibitors amahlanu e-DPP-4 avunywe yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA):
- I-Januvia (sitagliptin)
- I-Galvus (vildagliptin)
- I-Onglyza (saxagliptin)
- I-Tradjenta (i-linagliptin)
- I-Nesina (alogliptin)
Incretin Mimetics
Njengamagama abo, i-incretin mimetics isebenza ngokulingisa isenzo se-incretins sokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe- insulini . Zibuye zinciphise izinga lokugaya ukuze i-glucose ingene egazini kancane kancane.
Kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ze-incretin mimetics okwamanje ezivunyiwe yi-FDA ezithunyelwa ngomjovo futhi zisetshenziswe kubantu abangakwazi ukulawula ushukela wegazi ngemithi yomlomo:
- Byetta (exenatide)
- I-Victoza (i-liraglutide)
- I-Trulicity (i-dulaglutide)
- I-Tanzeum (i-albiglutide)
- I-Lyxumia (i-lixisenatide)
Eyaziwa nangokuthi i -agonists ye-GLP-1 ye-receptor , izidakamizwa zisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa nemithi yomlomo futhi ziza emakhosini we-injector asetshenzisiwe. Azizona insulin noma zisetshenziswe esikhundleni se-insulini.
I-Sodium-Glucose Transporter-2 Inhibitors ekhethiwe
I-sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SSGT-2) inhibitors ekhethiwe iyakwazi ukwehlisa ushukela wegazi ngokubangela izinso ukususa iglucose emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa umchamo.
Kunezinketho ezintathu zezidakamizwa ezivunyelwe i-FDA:
- I-Invokana (canagliflozin)
- I-Farxiga (i-dapagliflozin)
- Jardiance (empagliflozin)
Ama-analog anama-Amylin
Ama-analogs ase-Amylin yizinguqulo ezifakwe ngamanoni we-hormone amylin asetshenziselwa ama-pancreas ukunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini. Ama-analogs a-Amylin abuye ahanjiswe ngomjovo futhi asetshenziselwe eceleni kwe-insulin yokulawula ukulawula igazi kwegazi. Okwamanje ukhetho olulodwa oluvunyelwe i-FDA:
- I-Symlin (i-pramlintide acetate)
Sulfonylureas
Sulfonylureas yiwona omdala kakhulu omlomo wesifo sikashukela futhi, kuze kube ngu-1995, okuwukuphela kwezinto ezitholakalayo zokuphatha uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2. I-Sulfonylureas isebenza ngokuvuselela ama-pancreas ukukhulula i-insulin engena egazini.
Kunezizukulwane eziningana ze-sulfonylureas; okwesibili nesithathu yizona ezivame ukushiwo. Kulabo okwamanje abavunyelwe yi-FDA:
- Isizukulwane sokuqala: i-Orinase (tolbutamide), i-Tolinase (tolazamide), ne-Diabinese (i-chlorpropamide)
- Isizukulwane sesibili: Glucotrol (glipizide), Micronase (glyburide), ne-Diabeta (glyburide)
- Isizukulwane sesithathu: Amaryl (glimepiride)
Biguanides
Ama-Biguanides anciphisa inani le- glucose elikhiqizwa yisibindi ngesikhathi lenza umzimba uzwele kakhulu kwi-insulin. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezigunyaziwe ze-FDA zomuthi ofanayo:
- I-glucophage (i-metformin)
- I-Glucophage XR (i-metformin ekhulisiwe)
I-Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Ama-inhibitors e-Alpha-glucosidase aphuza ukuguqulwa kwama-carbohydrate kuya kweglucose ngesikhathi sokugaya. Lokhu kusiza ukulawula amazinga we-glucose wegazi futhi kuvimbele ushukela ekukhuphukeni kakhulu. Kunezinketho ezimbili ezivunyelwe yi-FDA:
- Precose (acarbose)
- I-Glyset (miglitol)
Thiazolidinediones
I-Thiazolidinediones ivuselela amangqamuzana omzimba namafutha ukuze amukele kalula i-insulini. Zombili zifaka izingozi ezithile zempilo ezidinga ukubonisana ngokukhethekile ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa. I-FDA ivume izidakamizwa ezimbili ze-thiazolidinedione e-US:
- I-Avandia (i-rosiglitazone)
- I-Actos (i-pioglitazone)
Ngo-May 2007, i-FDA ikhishwe isaziso sokuphepha mayelana nobungozi bokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo nezinye izenzakalo zenhliziyo lapho uthatha u-Avandia. Ukukhathazeka okufanayo kwaholela ekuvinjelweni kokubili u-Avandia no-Actos eFrance naseJalimane.
I-Meglitinides
I-Meglitinides ingasiza ekuvuseleleni ukukhiqizwa kwe-insulin uma kune-glucose egazini. Uma ushukela wegazi uphansi, umuthi awuphumelelanga kakhulu. Izinketho ezivunyelwe i-FDA zifaka:
- I-Prandin (i-repaglinide)
- I-Starlix (i-nateglinide)
> Umthombo:
> Ukuphathwa Kwezokudla Nezidakamizwa zase-US. "Imithi Ye-Diabetes Evunyelwe I-FDA." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland.