Izindlela zakho zokuba ne- infarction ye-myocardial (ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo) ingalinganiselwa ngokubeka izici ezingozini zokuba nesifo somzimba we-coronary artery (CAD), noma ukutholakala kwesifo sokuqina kwamathambo we- artery coronary .
Izindaba ezimbi ukuthi kunezici eziningana zobungozi ze-CAD, futhi eziningi zazo zivamile emiphakathini yaseNtshonalanga. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi eziningi zalezi zici eziyingozi zizinto ezisemandleni ethu okulawula.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngamunye wethu unokuningi okushoyo mayelana nokuthi cishe sizoba nesifo senhliziyo.
Izingozi zokuhlasela kwenhliziyo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili jikelele: lezo esingenakho ukulawula, kanye nalabo esingakwazi ukuzilawula.
Izimbangela Zengozi ezingenakulawulwa
Izinkinga ezingezona ezilawulwayo yizo ezingeke senze okuningi. Lokhu kungukuthi, asikwazi ukuwaqeda ngokukhetha kokuphila noma imithi.
Ngokujwayelekile, izici ezingekho-controllable eziyingozi zihlobene nobudala, ubulili namagciwane. Lezi zici zengozi yizi:
- Umlando wezihlobo eziseduze eziye zaba ne-CAD ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngokuvamile, i-CAD eyenziwe ngezihlobo zesilisa ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-50, noma ezihlotsheni zesifazane ngaphambi kweminyaka engama-60.)
- Ubuneminyaka engu-55 noma ngaphezulu (amadoda), noma 65 noma ngaphezulu (abesifazane)
- Kwabesifazane, ukuthumela i-post-menopausal, noma ukukhipha ama-ovaries akho.
- Isifo esiphelele sezinso.
Kulabo abanezinkinga ezingenakulawulwa, kubaluleke nakakhulu ukugxila ezintweni zethu zokulawulwa, ngoba ukunciphisa labo kuzoba nethonya elikhulu engozini yethu yonke.
Izingozi Zokulawulwa Ngengozi
Izinkinga ezilawulwayo ezilawulwayo yilabo esingakwenza okuthile mayelana. Singakwazi ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo nokufa komzimba ngokuqaphela lezi zici eziyingozi:
- Ukubhema . Nakuba ukubhema kuyiyona imbangela enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-40, kuyisimo esiyinhloko esinobungozi kunoma yisiphi isikhathi.
- I-cholesterol ephakeme ne-triglycerides . I-cholesterol ephezulu ye-LDL, i-cholesterol eyonke, ne-triglycerides , namazinga aphansi we-HDL ama-cholesterol, ahlotshaniswa nenengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo.
- Ukukhuluphala . Ukweqa ngokweqile , futhi ikakhulukazi ukuba nesisu esikhulu, kuye kwahlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo.
- Ukungabi nokuzivocavoca . Abantu abavame ukuzivocavoca banomngcipheko wokunciphisa inhliziyo.
- I-hypertension . Umfutho wegazi ophezulu ungumgogodla omkhulu wokuhlasela kwenhliziyo, futhi uhlangothi oluthile. I-hypertension ivame kakhulu kubantu baseMelika abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-55, kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele.
- Isifo sikashukela . Isifo sikashukela siba njalo kakhulu e-US, njengoba inani labantu liba namandla ngokweqile. Isifo sikashukela, ikakhulukazi, ushukela wegazi ophakeme kanye nezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene ezihambisana nalesi sifo, ziyasheshisa kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwesifo sofuba.
- I-metabolic syndrome . I-metabolic syndrome , noma i-pre-diabetes, ibuye ihlotshaniswe kakhulu nenengozi yenhliziyo eyanda.
- Ukwandisa amaprotheni asebenzayo e-C (CRP) . I-CRP iyinhloko engozini "entsha". Amazinga akhula e-CRP abonisa ukuvuvukala okusebenzayo endaweni ethile emzimbeni, futhi uma ngaphandle komthombo othile wokuvuvukala ubonakala kwenye indawo (njengokuthi i-arthritis esebenzayo), i-CRP ephakanyisiwe kucatshangwa ukuthi ibonisa ukuvuvukala emifuleni yegazi - ehambisana ne-atherosclerosis.
- Ukuntula ukuphuza ngokweqile kotshwala . Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi ukuphuza ngokweqile ukuphuza utshwala ( isisindo esisodwa kuya kwezibili ngosuku, noma kwezinye izifundo, isiphuzo esisodwa kuya kwezibili ngesonto) kuhlotshaniswa nenengozi encishisiwe yokuhlasela kwenhliziyo. Isizathu sokuthi odokotela basuke benqikazi ukuncoma utshwala ekunciphiseni ubungozi benhliziyo, ukuthi lapho abantu bephuza okungaphezu kweziphuzo ezimbili ngosuku, ingozi yabo yokufa (kusuka kwesifo sesibindi, isifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza webele, ukuhlukumezeka nezinye izimbangela) kuphakama kakhulu ngokushesha. Futhi njengoba sonke siyazi, abantu abaningi kunzima ukuma ngomunye noma ababili.
- Ukucindezeleka kwengqondo . Ukucindezeleka kuxhumene nokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa ukucindezeleka okunye ekuphileni akugwenyiseki futhi kuyinto enhle ezimweni eziningi.
Ezinye Izingozi Zezingozi Kwabesifazane
Nazi ezinye izinkinga ezimbili ezithinta abesifazane :
- Ukuthatha amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha , ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabokubhema. Amaphilisi okulawula ukuzalwa ahlotshaniswa nokwanda okuncane engozini yokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ekuqaleni kwabesifazane. Kodwa uma amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha ehlangene nokubhema, kunokwanda okukhulu kakhulu engozini. Eqinisweni, sekucacile ukuthi abesifazane ababhemayo akufanele baphathe amaphilisi okulawula ukubeletha.
- Ukukhulelwa okunzima . Abesifazane abahlakulela izinkinga ezithile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi, abesifazane abahlakulela umfutho wegazi ophezulu (isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-preeclampsia) noma isifo sikashukela (isifo sikashukela ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa), noma oletha izingane ezincane zesisindo sokubeletha, zibe nengozi yokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo ekuqaleni. Ngenxa yokuthi ukukhulelwa okulukhuni kubona abesifazane abasengozini eyengeziwe, laba besifazane kufanele baphathe zonke izici zabo ezilawulwa yizicabangela.
Imithombo:
I-Goff DC Jr, uLloyd-Jones DM, uBennett G, et al. Umhlahlandlela we-ACC / AHA ka-2013 kuHlelo lokuHlelwa kwengozi yomzimba: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice. Ukujikeleza 2014; 129: S49.
ULloyd-Jones, DM, uLarson, MG, uBeiser, A, et al. Ingozi Yesikhathi Sonke Yokuthuthukisa Izifo Zenhliziyo YaseCoronary. Lancet 1999; 353: 89.
Wilson, PW, D'Agostino, RB, Levy, D, et al. Ukubikezelwa Kwezifo Zezinhliziyo ZaseCoronary Ukusebenzisa Izigaba Zezinhlekelele. Ukujikeleza kuka-1998; 97: 1837.
Yusuf, S, Hawken, S, Ounpuu, S, et al. Umphumela wezinto ezingabonakali ezingengozini eziphathekayo ezihambisana ne-Myocardial Infarction emazweni angu-52 (I-INTERHEART Study): Ucwaningo lwe-Case-Control. Lancet 2004; 364: 937.