Izidingo zezokwelapha zezokwelapha

by U-Andrea Clement Santiago

Enye yezinketho eziningi onayo njengomchwepheshe wezezempilo ukhetha ukhetheka kwezokwelapha okufanele uyenze. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumhlengikazi, udokotela, noma uchwepheshe wezokwelapha ohlangene, ukhethe ukukhethekile kwezokwelapha kuzosiza ukugxilisa imigomo yakho yemfundo, imizamo yokusesha imisebenzi, kanye nokukhetha umsebenzi.

Ngokushesha uma ubona ukukhathazeka kwakho kwangempela kwezokwelapha, uphumelela ngokwengeziwe, ngokusebenza ensimini oyithandayo. Isibonelo, ingabe ukuthanda kwakho ukusebenza nabantwana, omama abakhulelwe, iziguli zomdlavuza, noma asebekhulile? Ingabe ufuna ukunciphisa ubuhlungu bokufa, noma ulethe impilo entsha emhlabeni? Cabanga ngezici ezihlukahlukene.

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Ukunciphisa Ukungezwani Kwegazi kanye ne-Immunology

I-Hero Izithombe / i-Getty Images

Ukukhethekile kwezokwelapha kokunciphisa umzimba kanye nokuzivikela komzimba kugxile ekuxilongweni nasekwelapha ukwelashwa kwemithi.

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I-Anesthesiology yiyona yokhetheka kwezokwelapha okugxile ekwenzeni izidakamizwa ezibulalayo ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa ekamelweni lokusebenza. I-anesthesiology ibuye ibandakanye nensimu yokuphathwa kobuhlungu, i-subspecialty esiza ukuphatha ubuhlungu obungapheli (obuqhubekayo) ezigulini ezinemithi yokwelapha, ama-injection, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

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Insimu ye-dermatology igxile ekuxilongweni, ukwelashwa, nokuvinjelwa kwezifo, ukuphazamiseka nezimo zesikhumba.

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Imithi Ephuthumayo

Imithi ephuthumayo yinkambu egxile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo okuphuthumayo kweziguli ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha ngenxa yokulimala, ingozi, noma umcimbi omkhulu wezokwelapha.

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Imithi yomndeni

Imithi yomndeni iyinkambu yokunakekela eyinhloko eqondisa izidingo eziyisisekelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zeziguli zonyaka wonke, kusukela ekusaneni kuze kube yilabo abasebenzayo.

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Imithi yangaphakathi

Imithi yangaphakathi ifana nemithi yomndeni ngoba ihlanganisa ukunakekela okuyinhloko nokuphathwa kwezempilo okuyisisekelo kuzo zonke izindawo zempilo yesiguli. Kodwa-ke, imithi yangaphakathi ngokuvamile ayibandakanyi izingane noma izidakamizwa, kanti imithi yomndeni ivame ukwenza njalo. Ukwengeza, imithi yangaphakathi ihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okujulile nokunakekelwa kwesineke esifundweni sesibhedlela nokunakekelwa okunzima. Okokugcina, imithi yangaphakathi ihlanganisa ezinye izici eziningana ezifana nalokhu:

I-cardiology
I-endocrinology
I-Gastroenterology
Imithi ye-Geriatric
I-Oncology ne-Hematology
I-Hospice ne-Palliative Medicine
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
I-Nephrology
Izifo Eziphazamisayo
I-rheumatology

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I-Neurology iyona ekhethekile yokwelashwa ehlose ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, nokuvinjelwa kwezifo, ukuphazamiseka, nezimo zobuchopho kanye nesistimu yezinzwa. Iziguli eziye zahlaselwa yisifo sokushaya isifo, noma obhekene nokugula okunjenge-epilepsy, i-Alzheimer's, noma i-Parkinson yizibonelo ezimbalwa zeziguli ezithathwe izazi ze-neurologists.

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I-Neurosurgery iyinhlangano ekhethekile yokuhlinza imithi ezinikezwe kuphela ekuhlinzeni ubuchopho.

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I-OB / GYN (i-Obstetrics & Gynecology)

I-obstetrics iyinakekelo yezempilo kwabesifazane abakhulelwe, kubandakanya ukubeletha nokubeletha nokuhlinzeka ukulethwa okuphephile kwengane. I-gynecology ihlanganisa ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, nokuvimbela izifo, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nezimo zesistimu yokuzala.

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I-ophthalmology

I-ophthalmology yiyona yokhetheka kwezokwelapha okugxile ekwelapheni kwamehlo, kanye ne-retina. Ukuze ungadideki ne-optometrist, i-ophthalmologists ingenza futhi ukuhlinzwa kweso futhi ibeke imithi ngokungafani ne-optometrists, ngokuvamile evame ukugxila ekuqondiseni amehlo nokuthuthukiswa kanye nama-lens kadokotela.

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Ukuhlinza nge-Orthopedic

Ukuhlinzeka nge-Orthopedic kuhlanganisa ukuhlinzwa kwamalungu, amathambo nemisipha. Iziguli ezinokulimala kwezemidlalo noma ukulimala engozini zingase ziphathwe odokotela bama-orthopedic, njengoba iziguli ezinezinhlobo ezithile ze-arthritis ezingxenyeni ezingase zilungiswe ngokuhlinzwa.

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I-otolaryngology (ENT)

I-otolaryngology yiyona ekhethekile yezokwelapha eyaziwa ngokuthi "ENT", elele indlebe, impumu, nomphimbo. I-otolaryngology ihlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwehhovisi, nezinqubo zokuhlinza kokubili esibhedlela nasehhovisi. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kanye nabaqashi ziyatholakala kule nsimu.

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Izingane zokwelapha

I-Pediatrics iyinkambu yokunakekelwa okuyinhloko yemithi egxile ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwezingane, kusukela ekusaneni kuya eneminyaka eyi-18. Imisebenzi eminingi yezingane isekelwe ehhovisi, lapho izidakamizwa ezivamile, ukugoma, ukukhwehlela kanye nokubandayo, kanye "nezimpumputhe kanye namaqabunga" ziphathwa njalo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nemisebenzi eminingi yezingane ezitholakala ezibhedlela zezingane, ikakhulukazi ezifundweni zezingane ezisemtholampilo ezifana nokuhlinzwa kwabantwana.

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I-Psychiatry

I-Psychiatry ihlanganisa ukwelashwa kwempilo yengqondo neziguli. I-Psychiatry ingenziwa ehhovisi, ihlinzeke nge-psychotherapy kanye nemithi yokwelashwa okuvamile, noma esibhedlela sengqondo ngenxa yezimpikiswano ezingathí sina, eziyinkimbinkimbi yezifo zengqondo ezifana ne-bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, nezinye izinto ezidinga ukunakekelwa esibhedlela. I-Psychiatry ihlanganisa nokuphathwa kweziguli ezinomlutha ezifana nezidakamizwa noma utshwala.

Okuningi

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I-Radiology iyinkambu yezokwelapha ehlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-imaging yezokwelapha ukuxilonga izinkinga ezihlukahlukene kuzo zonke izici nezinhlelo zomzimba. I-Radiology iyinkambu ephezulu kakhulu ehlinzeka ngokukhula okukhulu komsebenzi, ngoba isetshenziselwa ngokubambisana nezinye izici zokwelapha eziningi, kubandakanya ukuhlinzeka ngezinhliziyo, ukuhlinzwa, i-oncology, i-gastroenterology, ukubiza abambalwa.

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Odokotela abahlinzayo abavamile benza ukuhlinzwa okuhlukahlukene kwesisu nesasoscopy. Odokotela abahlinzayo bangase bafunde ngokucophelela ukugxila ekuhlinzekeni kokuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlinzeka ngamathambo, ukuhlinza ngeplastiki, noma ukuhlinzeka inhliziyo. Abahlinzeki bokuhlinza bahlanganisa udokotela ohlinzayo, tech yokuhlinzwa, noma umhlengikazi we-OR.

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I-urology yiyona ekhethekile yokwelashwa ehilela ukuxilongwa, ukwelashwa, nokuvinjelwa komgudu we-urinary kanye nesistimu yokuzala yesilisa. I-urology ihlanganisa ukunakekelwa kwamahhovisi kanye nokwelashwa okuhlinzekwayo.