Kuyini i-emphysema futhi kusho ukuthini uma wena noma othandekayo unikezwe lokhu kuxilongwa? Ziyini izimpawu, yiziphi izimbangela (ngaphezu kokubhema), futhi ziphathwa kanjani?
Incazelo
I-Emphysema iyisifo esingapheli sephaphu esibangelwa umonakalo ku- alveoli , amasaka amancane emoyeni emaphashini lapho kwenzeka khona ukushintshaniswa kwe-oxygen ne-carbon dioxide.
Njengoba i-emphysema, ukulimala kwe-alveoli kubangela ukuba umoya uboshwe, kubangele ukuba bandise futhi bahlukane. Ukulimala kwe-alveoli, kanye nokwehliswa okubangelwa yi-air exchange kubangela izinga elinciphile le-oksijini egazini (i-hypoxemia) ehlangene nezinga elandisiwe le-carbon dioxide egazini (hypercapnia).
U-Emphysema uhlobo olulodwa lwe- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , isigaba sezifo zamaphaphu ezihlanganisa i-bronchitis engapheli ne- bronchiectasis . I-COPD manje ibhekwa njengesizathu sesine sokuholela ekufeni e-United States.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-emphysema zingabandakanya:
- Ukuphefumula: Uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwe-emphysema ukuphefumula . Kuvame ukufika kancane kancane, kwenzeka okokuqala kuphela ngomsebenzi. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ukuphefumula (dyspnea) nakho kwenzeka ekuphumuleni.
- Isikhumba: Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kuvamile futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ukuhlukanisa nokukhwehlela komuntu okhwehlela .
- Ukukhiqizwa kwe-sputum noma i-phlegm
- Ukushisa. I-Emphysema, okungenani ezinyathelweni zokuqala, kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuhlukanisa nesifo se-asthma. Umehluko wukuthi nge-asthma ukuvinjelwa kwe-airway kuyabuyiselwa kodwa kuyi-emphysema ayikho.
- Izifo eziphefumula njalo ezifana ne- bronchitis noma i- pneumonia
- Ubuhlungu besifuba
- I-Cyanosis: Ubuhle beminwe nezindebe
- Yenza ukubekezelelana: Abanye abantu ababoni ukuphefumula ngokuqondile, kodwa kunalokho baqaphele ukuthi abakwazi ukusebenza njengamanje, ngokwesibonelo, kuba nzima ukuhamba kude noma ukunyuka izindiza eziningi izinyathelo.
- I-muscle atrophy: Ukuhlanganiswa kokuzivocavoca kwehla kanye neminye imiphumela yesifo kungaholela ekuqotheni kwemisipha kanye ne-atrophy. Lezi zinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi emisipha yomzimba, nazo zingaholela ekuphefumuleni okuqhubekayo ngenxa yokunciphisa umzamo wokuphefumula.
Izimbangela
Ukubhema kuyimbangela evamile kakhulu yokuphefumula, okucatshangwa ukuthi ibhekene namaphesenti angu-85 kuya kwamaphesenti angu-90 amacala. Kodwa kunezinye izimbangela eziningi ezingase zenze yedwa, noma ngokubambisana nokubhema, zibangele ukuphazamiseka kwe-emphysema. Asinaso isiqiniseko ukuthi yiziphi izimbangela ze-COPD, kodwa kunezici eziningana zokufaka ingozi ezikhonjisiwe kufaka phakathi:
- Umsizi wesibhamu
- Ukuzikhandla emsebenzini, ukuthungatha, nokushisa, njengama-ciliates, cadmium, uthuli lwamalahle, okusanhlamvu nofulawa
- Ukungcoliswa komoya
- Ukuntuleka kwe-Alpha-1-antitrypsin : Lesi sifo esizuze njengefa singabangela ukuphazamiseka kwe-emphysema okuvela ezigulini ezincane kakhulu. Lesi simo kufanele sikhohlwe uma amalungu omndeni amaningana ehlakulele i-emphysema, ikakhulukazi labo abangakaze baphuze.
- I-asthma: I-asthma ibhekisela ezigulini zamaphaphu eziguqulwayo kanti i-emphysema ayinakuphikisana, kodwa kwezinye izimo, i-asthma ingase iholele emphysema.
Ukwelapha
I-emphysema ayinakuphulukiswa futhi iqhubekela phambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho-ke imigomo yemithi yokwelashwa i-emphysema iyanciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo nokuthuthukisa izimpawu. Ezinye zokwelapha zihlanganisa:
- Imithi : Azikho izindlela zokwelapha izidakamizwa eziye zafakazela ukuthi ziphumelele ekunciphiseni izinga lokunciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu nge-emphysema. Esikhundleni salokho, imishanguzo isetshenziselwa ukukhulisa ukubekezela kokuzivocavoca , ukunciphisa ukukhushulwa kwe-COPD , nokuthuthukisa izinga jikelele lempilo. Imithi esetshenziselwa i-COPD ezinzile ihlanganisa i- bronchodilators , i- glucocorticoids , namagciwane okulwa nezifo.
- Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni : Lokhu kunganikezwa ngokuqhubekayo, phakathi nomsebenzi, noma ngokukhululeka kweziqephu eziphuthumayo zokuphefumula. Ukwelashwa kwe-oksijeni yesikhathi eside isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-15 ngelanga kunikezwa lapho isiguli sinamazinga aphansi e- oxygen saturation ngesikhathi se-Stage IV COPD. Ku-COPD ephakeme, ukwelapha oksijini kungase kuthuthukise ukusinda.
- Ukuyeka ukubhema: Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubantu abaphila nalesi simo futhi kungasiza ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo.
- Ukuvuselelwa kwepulmonary : Kunezinzuzo eziningi zokuvuselelwa kwe-pulmonary , okuyinto yokwelapha emaphashini. Kuyinto uhlelo lokuzihlukanisa phakathi okufanele luhlale okungenani amasonto ayisithupha. Ukwelashwa kwamapulmonary kungenza umehluko omkhulu kwabanye abantu abaphila ne-emphysema ekuthuthukiseni ukuvivinya umzimba, ukunciphisa izimpawu, nokunciphisa izibhedlela kanye nobude bokuhlala.
- Ukugonywa : Ukuhlala usesikhathini ngokugoma, ikakhulukazi umgomo wokugoma kanye nomgomo wokuphefumula, kusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungabangela ukwanda kwesifo .
- Ukuzivocavoca njalo : I-Emphysema idala umbuthano ononya. Lesi sifo ngokwawo kwenza kube nzima ukuzivocavoca, futhi ukugubha kwemisipha kungenza lesi sifo sibe sibi nakakhulu. Izindlela ezinhle kakhulu ze-COPD zihlanganisa inhlanganisela yokukhuthazela, ukuguquguquka, nokuqeqeshwa kwamandla.
- Ukwelashwa: Ukuhlinzekwa kokunciphisa ivolumu ukususa izicubu ezimele kakhulu kungasiza kwabanye abantu abane-emphysema eqinile, ikakhulu kulabo abanesifo esithinta kakhulu i-lobes engenhla. I-Bullectomy ingenziwa ngeziguli ezine-giant bullae. Ukufakela umquba kungenye ukucabangela.
Ukukhwabanisa
I-Emphysema ibonakala yizinto eziyaziwa ngokuthi i- COPD- ukuphazamiseka-izikhathi lapho izimpawu ziba zimbi khona, ngokuvamile ezidinga ukungena esibhedlela. Lezi zinkimbinkimbi zivame ukugxilwa yizifo kepha zingasuswa ezinye izimo ezifana nokungcola kokungcoliswa komoya, izinkuni, noma ngisho namafutha esitolo.
Ingozi Ekhulayo Ye-Cancer Cancer
Abantu abane-emphysema nabo bangengozini enkulu yokuba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu . Ukuhlolwa komdlavuza we-Lung kuyatholakala kulabo abaneminyaka engama-55 no-80 ubudala futhi baphelele okungenani iminyaka engu- 30 yepakethe . Lokho kusho ukuthi i-emphysema iyingozi engozini yomdlavuza wamaphaphu kanti abanye abantu bangathanda ukuhlolwa ngisho noma bengabhemi, noma baye baphuza iminyaka engaphansi kwe-30 yepakethe. Kubalulekile nokuba uqaphele izimpawu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu uma une-emphysema, njengoba ezinye zezimpawu eziphakathi kwezimo ezimbili zingabonakala zifana kakhulu. Uma izimpawu zakho ze-COPD zikhula kakhulu, noma ngabe ziyimpawu ezivamile, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka yini umdlavuza wamaphaphu. Umdlavuza wegciwane ukwelapha kakhulu uma kutholakala ukuthi kunezigaba zokuqala zesifo.
Ukubhekana nokusekela
I-emphysema ingaba yisifo esiphazamisayo nxazonke. Akudingeki nje ukuthi ubhekane nezinkinga nemithi yokwelashwa, kodwa lezo zimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kungathinta cishe zonke izindawo zokuphila kwakho. Abantu abaningi abaneCOPD bathola ukwesekwa okunganele.
Ikusasa Lezifo
Ngesikhathi samanje, i-emphysema ihlala isifo esingenakuguqulwa kanti ukwelashwa kuhloswe ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka nokucindezeleka okuhlobene nesifo. Ukusebenzisa intuthuko yakamuva ekuqondeni ama-stem kanye nama-progenitor cells emaphashini, ucwaningo lwama-laboratory lunikeze ithemba lokuthi ukwelapha ukuguqulwa kwamaphaphu kungaba yindlela yokuguqula lokhu kuqhubeka esikhathini esizayo. Izivivinyo zemitholampilo, kodwa, zihlulekile ukukhombisa noma yikuphi ukuzuzwa kwalendlela kuze kube yimanje.
> Imithombo:
> Kasper DL. AmaHarrison Principals of Medicine Internal . ENew York: McGraw-Hill; 2015.
> Oh, D., Kim, Y., no Y. Oh. Ukwelashwa Kwamahlumela Okuvuselela Izifo Eziphuthumayo Zokuvimbela Izifo Eziphuthumayo. Isifo sofuba nesifo sokuphefumula . 2017. 80 (1): 1-10.
> Rzadkiewicz M, Bratas O, Espnes G. Yini Okufanele Siyazi Ngokuthola I-COPD? Ukubukeza Okulandelanayo Ekufuneni Iziguli 'Ukunciphisa Umthwalo Wezinhliziyo. I-International Journal ye-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease . 2016. 11: 1195-2304.
> van Agteren J, Carson K, Tiong L, Smith B. Lung Ukunciphisa Ukuvinjelwa Kwemvelo Yokusakaza Emphysema. I-Cochrane Database yezibuyekezo ezihleliwe . 2016 10: CD001001.