Kungani Izimpendulo Zivame Ukukhohliswa Nge-Alzheimer'sselfself
Abantu abanesifo se-Alzheimer bayalinganiselwa ukuthi banokuthi bangene ekukhuleni kokubili kuya kweyisithupha emngciphekweni wokugubha uma kuqhathaniswa nomphakathi jikelele. Ngesikhathi sesifo, noma yikuphi okuvela ngamaphesenti angu-10 kuya kuma-26 amaphesenti azothola uhlobo lokubamba, kokubili okubonakalayo nokungabonakali, ngokusho kocwaningo oluvela eBaylor College School of Medicine eTexas.
Nakuba kusacacile ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezibangelwa umphumela, kunezici ezithile ezingafaka umuntu engozini ephakeme.
Ngezifo ze-Alzheimer's
Isifo se-Alzheimer kuyinto ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zokukhubazeka komqondo , okuthinta abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyisihlanu baseMelika. Kuholela ekuhlakaleni okuqhubekayo nokungenakugwema komsebenzi womuntu wokuqonda, ukubonakalisa ngokulahlekelwa kwememori nokunciphisa kancane kancane ikhono lokucabanga noma ukucabanga. Kuvame ukubonakala kubantu asebekhulile futhi bakholelwa ukuthi kuthinta noma yikuphi kusuka kwamaphesenti amane kuya kwabangu-12 abantu abangaphezu kuka-65.
Isifo se-Alzheimer sibhekene nokuqongelela kancane kancane kweprotheyini, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-beta-amyloid, ebuchosheni. Njengoba lezi zinhlayiyana zeprotheni zinamathele ndawonye, zidala izilonda ezibizwa ngokuthi i-plaque ephazamisa izindlela zomgogodla eziphakathi komsebenzi wokuqonda nokusebenza.
Izimbangela Zokuqothulwa Izifo E-Alzheimer's
Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunengqondo ukucabanga ukuthi ukuqubuka okuhlobene ne-Alzheimer kuhlobene ngokuqondile nokuwohloka kobuchopho, ubufakazi bubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi buhlobene kakhulu ne-beta-amyloid ngokwayo.
I-Beta-amyloid empeleni iyisiqeshana se-composite enkulu eyaziwa ngokuthi amaprotheni we-amyloid prestoror (APP). Njengoba i-APP idiliziwe, ezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali zikhishwa ebuchosheni obungasondeka kakhulu futhi ngendlela ephumelelayo yokulayisha ngokweqile. Njengoba lesi sifo sithuthuka, ukuqoqwa kwalezi zakhi kungabangela ukuba amangqamuzana omzimba ashaye ngokungavamile, okubangelwa ukugubha.
Izinhlobo ezimbili ezivame kakhulu zokuthunjwa ezibonakala kubantu abane-Alzheimer's:
- Ukuhlukunyezwa okuyingxenye ethile, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuqwashisa kokuqwashisa okugxile ekuqapheleni, lapho umuntu engazi khona indawo yakhe futhi engena ezenzweni ezingenzi lutho ezifana nokuzikhukhumeza, ukushaya i-lip, ukuzulazula noma ukugqoka izingubo
- Ukuthathwa kwe-tonic-clonic yesi-generalized lapho ukuhlukunyezwa okuyingxenye (okuthinta ohlangothini lobuchopho) kuguqukela ekuqotheni okujwayelekile (okuthinta kokubili ama-halves), okwenza ukuba umzimba wonke udideke
Izingozi Zengozi
Ngaphandle kwezinto eziphilayo ezibangelwa ukugubha, kunezinye izici ezibonakala zibeka umuntu engozini enkulu. Phakathi kwazo:
- I-presenilin 1 (i-PSEN1) ne-presenilin 2 (PSEN2) izakhi zofuzo zivame ukubonakala kubantu abanokuhlukunyezwa okuhlobene ne-Alzheimer. Izinguquko zithunyelwa ngemindeni futhi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni i-APP.
- Abantu abane -Alzheimer's yokuqala (okwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba baneminyaka engama-65) banamathuba amaningi okubhekana nokugubha, nakuba ukuqubuka kuzokwenzeka ngezifo zesigaba sekwephuzile.
Kuye kwaphakanyiswa nokuthi ukuhlukunyezwa okungaxhunyiwe, okubandakanya ukungabikho kokungabikho kokutholakala kokutholakala kwesifo sokuphuza , kungabangela ukuziphatha okuthile kwe-Alzheimer njengokungqubuzana kwe-amnestic (lapho umuntu ehleka khona engenakho inkumbulo noma ulwazi ngalokho akwenzile).
Ukuphatha ukuhlukunyezwa kubantu abane-Alzheimer's
Akuwona wonke umuntu onesifo so-Alzheimer ozobhekana nokuthunjwa. Phakathi kwalabo abakwenzayo, kungaba nzima ukuxilonga ngoba iziphathekayo ngezinye izikhathi zingalingisa lezo zifo ngokwazo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuhlukunyezwa okuyingxenye ethile lapho umuntu angakwazi khona "ukuphuma" ngokuzumayo futhi abonise ukuziphatha okungavamile.
Uma ukuhlukunyezwa kwenzekile noma kusolwa kumuntu onesifo se-Alzheimer's, i-blood kanye ne-imaging test ingasetshenziswa ukusiza ekuxilongweni. Kubantu ababhekene nokuqothulwa njalo, i- electroencephalogram (i-EEG) ingasiza ekuboneni imbangela yokuthumba nokuthayipha.
Uma kwenzeka ukuxilongwa kahle, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukusebenzisa imithi elwa nesifo sofuba njengeTegretol (carbamazepine), i-Depakote (i-valproic acid), i-Neurontin (gabapentin), ne-Lamictal (i-lamotrigine). Ezinye izinhlobo zokulwa nesifo sofuba kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela njengoba zingase zithuthukise izimpawu zengqondo.
Uma othandekayo one-Alzheimer ehlupha, funda ukuthi ukwenze kanjani esimweni esiphuthumayo kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela ukulimala uma ubhekana nomcimbi omkhulu, we-tonic-clonic.
> Imithombo:
> Born, H. "Ukuhlukunyezwa kwesifo se-Alzheimer." I-neuroscience . 2015; 286: 251-63. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.neuroscience.2014.11.051.
> Nicastro, N .; U-Assal, F .; kanye no-Seeck, M. "Kusukela lapha kuya ekuthongweni kwesifo: ingozi yokubamba iziguli ezinesifo se-Alzheimer's." Ukuphazamiseka kwesisu . 2016; 18 (1): 1-12. I-DOI: 10.1684 / i-epd.2016.0808.
> Sherzai, D .; Losey, T .; Vega, S. et al. "Ukuhlukunyezwa nokucindezeleka kwabantu asebekhulile: Isiguli Sonke Isiguli Sonke 1999-2008." & Isifo Sokuziphatha . 2014: 36: 53-6. I-DOI: 10.1016 / j.yebeh.2014.04.015.