Kwenzekani Uma I-Fungus Ithinta Ubuchopho
Kukhona okuthile okunezinhlanzi eziphathelene ne-fungus. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi isikhunta asifani kakhulu namafomu ajwayelekile okuphila, njengezitshalo noma izilwane. Noma mhlawumbe kungumhlangano phakathi kwe-fungus nezinto ezifile noma ezifa. Nakuba kungekho ukutheleleka okwamukelekile, okunye okuphathelene nokutheleleka kwe-fungal kubonakala kungavamile. Lokhu ikakhulukazi uma i-fungus ihlasela into ehlonishwayo futhi eyimfihlo njengobuchopho bethu.
Izifo ze-fungal zesimiso sezinzwa zomphakathi azivamile kakhulu, kodwa uma izifo ezinjalo zenzeka, imiphumela ingaba yinkimbinkimbi. Okulandelako igalari yesigungu sezifo ezijwayelekile ze-fungal ku-neurology, kodwa ngeshwa, uhlu oluphelele lwabahlaseli abangahle lube lukhulu kakhulu.
I-Aspergillus
Izinhlobo ze-Aspergillus zivame kakhulu emvelweni. Naphezu kokuvezwa okuvamile, ukutheleleka komuntu nge-Aspergillus akuvamile, ngaphandle uma isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sisusiwe. Izingozi ze-immune system ezicindezelwe zihlanganisa isifo sikashukela, ukwelashwa kwe-steroid , ukuguqulwa komzimba , ukwelapha, ukulimala, ukungondleki kanye ne- AIDS , phakathi kwabanye.
Umzimba ungena emzimbeni ngemuva kokuba uphefumulelwe emaphashini, lapho ungena khona egazini. Kanye egazini, i-Aspergillus ingakwazi ukuthelela izitho eziningi ezihlukene, kuhlanganise nobuchopho. I-Aspergillus ehlasela ubuchopho ingabangela ukugubha noma ukulahleka okujulile, njengama-numbness noma ubuthakathaka.
Kungabangela futhi ukuba i- meningitis . Izimpawu ze-meningitis zihlanganisa ikhanda, umkhuhlane, nentamo eqinile.
Ku-MRI, ukutheleleka kwe-Aspergillus kubangela i-abscess efana ne-cannonball ebuchosheni. Ukwelashwa kunomenzeli we-antifungal njenge-voriconazole noma i-amphotericin. Ngisho nangokwelashwa, ukufa kwalokhu ukutheleleka kuphakeme kakhulu.
Candida Albicans
Cishe wonke umuntu usevele ebamba i- candida emzimbeni; liyingxenye ye-flora evamile yamapheshana amathumbu namathunjini. Ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka umcimbi obangela i-candida ukuba ikhuphe imingcele yayo evamile, evame ukudala ukutheleleka kwemvubelo kwabesifazane. I-Candida nayo yaziwa kahle ngokubangela i- thrush , ukumboza okumhlophe komlomo nomphimbo.
Ezigulini ezithathelwana ngamagciwane, izinhlobo ze-Candida zingangena egazini futhi zisakaze ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene emzimbeni. I-Candida ingabangela i-meningitis, ngokuvamile kaningi e-neonates ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma njengenkinga yokuhlinzwa. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ngokuqoqa inani elikhulu le- cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) ukuze likhule emkhakheni webhu.
Coccidioides Immitis
I-Coccidioides itholakala emahlane aseNingizimu-ntshonalanga United States naseCentral naseNingizimu Melika. Ukutheleleka nge-coccidiosis kungabangela izinkinga eziningi, kusukela ekuvame ukushaya umkhuhlane wesifo esiwumkhuhlane we- mensitis.
Uma kungelashwa, cishe amaphesenti angama-95 weziguli ezinezinkinga zokwelashwa zizofa eminyakeni emibili, ngokusho kwamaNational Institutes of Health, kodwa kuyilapho cishe ukutheleleka okungaba ngu-150 000 noCoccidioides kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka, ngaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-100 kulawa abandakanya i-meningitis. Kungathatha izinyanga kusukela ekutheleleni kokuqala kwe-meningitis ukuze kube sobala.
Izimpawu zihlanganisa ikhanda elibi, kanye nezinye izimpawu ezingase zingabi khona kuze kube sekupheleni kwesifo.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-coccidia meningitis kungcono kakhulu kwenziwa ngokuhlolwa kwe-CSF, etholakale ukukhishwa kwe-lumbar . Ama-antibodies for the organism angahlolwa ukuthi usebenzisa i-CSF. Ngezikhathi ezingavamile, i-biopsy yezicubu ezungeze ubuchopho (i-meninges) ingadingeka ukuze ihlolwe kahle.
Ukwelashwa okwenziwe ukwelashwa kwe-coccidiosis yi-oral fluconazole. Abanye odokotela bazongeza i-amphotericin B. Uma i-hydrocephalus ikhona, i- shunt ingadingeka futhi. Kungathatha amasonto ngaphambi kokuthi kube nokuthuthukiswa okusobala.
I-Cryptococcus Neoformans
I-Cryptococia ingena emzimbeni emaphashini ngemva kokuba umuntu ephefumula nge-spore fungal. Ukusuka lapho, i-fungus ingena egazini futhi isakaze emzimbeni, ikakhulukazi ebuchosheni. Lokhu kwenzeka ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebenzisa amasosha omzimba abacindezelwayo, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi abantu abanempilo banesandulela ngculaza.
I-Cryptococcus ngokuvamile ibangela i-aseptic meningoencephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho nezicubu ezizungezile), enekhanda, umkhuhlane, futhi kaningi intamo eqinile nokuhlanza. Ingxenye ye-encephalitis ibangela ukuguqulwa kwememori ehambisanayo nezinye izinkinga ezingqondweni.
I-Cryptococcal meningitis ingatholakala ngokuthi iqhuba izivivinyo ezifanele kwi- cerebrospinal fluid eqoqwe ngophawu olukodwa . Uma ukucindezelwa kwe-CSF kulinganiswa, kungaba kakhulu kulezi zifo. I-MRI ayibonisi njalo izinguquko, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ubuningi bungaba khona. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa nakwabagulayo nge-antigen cryptococcal engasiza ekutholeni lokhu .
Histoplasmosis
I-Histoplasmosis yi-fungus engatholakala endaweni evamile, abantu abanempilo-kodwa futhi ngezinye izikhathi ibangela ukugula okukhulu. E-United States, kuvame ukutholakala emigodini yase-Ohio ne-Mississippi eMidwestern.
Esikhathini esiningi, i-fungus ibangela kuphela izinkinga kubantu abanezifo zabo zokuzivikela ezikhungethwe yizimo ezinjenge-AIDS noma imithi ethile. I-Histoplasma ingabangela umkhuhlane, ukulahlekelwa isisindo nokukhathala.
Nakuba i-histoplasmosis ingabangela izinkinga emzimbeni wonke-ikakhulukazi amaphaphu-lapho ehlasela isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko, singatholakala ngokusesha ama-antigens ku- cerebrospinal fluid . Umzimba awubonakali ukukhula kalula esibhedlela. Ingxenye yesikhathi, amasiko e-CSF akhulisi imvelo, ngisho noma kukhona ukutheleleka. Ngezinye izikhathi, ubuchopho noma i-meningeal biopsy yindlela kuphela yokwenza ukuxilongwa.
I-Histoplasmosis engena ohlelweni lwezinzwa zomphakathi kungaba nzima kakhulu ukuphatha. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-60 kuya kwangu-80 iziguli ezithatha ukwelashwa ekuqaleni, ngokusho kwamaNational Institutes of Health, kodwa cishe ingxenye yesigamu sezobuyela emuva eminyakeni edlule. Endabeni yokuphindaphinda, ezinye iziguli zingadinga ukwelashwa isikhathi eside noma ngisho nokuphila isikhathi eside.
I-Amphotericin B yindlela yokwelashwa ekhuthazwayo kulabo abagulayo abagulayo okwanele ukuba bangene esibhedlela. Labo abangaguli kakhulu bangaphathwa kangcono nge-itraconazole.
I-Mucormycosis
I-Mucormycosis ingenye yezifo ezithweswa kakhulu zezinzwa. Uma le fungus ingena ebuchosheni noma emithonjeni yegazi ebalulekile ebuchosheni, izinga lokufa liphakeme kakhulu. Iziguli ezimbalwa kuphela ezake zelashwa ngaphansi kwezimo.
Isifungi esibangela lezi zifo empeleni zivame ukutholakala emvelo futhi bonke abantu bavame ukuvezwa. Njengokutheleleka okuningi kwe-fungal, cishe wonke amacala abantu okuhlasela ayenzeka lapho isiguli singazivikeli kahle.
Ukutheleleka kwe-mucormycosis ebuchosheni kuvame ukuqala ezingosini zomzimba , lapho lesi sifo siqala ukulinganisa i- sinusitis enekhanda , ukuxubana nomkhuhlane. I-fungus ibulala izicubu ngokushesha futhi ingasakazeka ezonini ngqo emehlweni nasebuchosheni. Ngokuvamile, i-fungus ingafinyelela ebuchosheni ngokusebenzisa ezinye izindlela, njengokuthi ngemva kokujova egameni legazi ngezidakamizwa ezinamandla.
Lapho nje kutholakala ukuthi i-mucormycosis yenziwa, udokotela ohlinzayo kudingeka ukuba aqede zonke izicubu ezifile. Lokhu kuhlinzeka kungaphazamisa, njengoba uhlaka lwezinyosi, i-orbit of the iso, kanye nenhlanzi kungase kususwe konke. Ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwe-agent enamandla yama-fungal efana ne-amphotericin nayo ibalulekile. Ngisho nokwelashwa okunonya, ukusinda kwe-cerebral incormycosis engavamile kungavamile.
Njengoba usuqaphele, izifo eziningi ze-fungal infections zitholakala kubantu abasebenzisa amasosha omzimba akusebenzi kahle. Nakuba i-fungus ingahlasela abantu abanempilo, ukutheleleka okunjalo akuvamile. Lokho kusho ukuthi lezi zifo zingaba zimbi kakhulu, noma zibulale, futhi zidinga ukuqashelwa nokuphathwa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Imithombo:
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