I-leukemia ne-lymphoma yizo zombili umdlavuza wegazi ohilela amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe. Kanti futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa yi-"tumorous liquid" noma uketshezi wamakhemikhali, ukuwaqhathanisa ne-khansa ejwayelekile eyenza izicubu eziqinile, njengomdlavuza wekolon noma umdlavuza webele.
Yonke, i-leukemia ne-lymphoma akhawunti yeziningi zamagciwane egazi. I-Myeloma, ebizwa nangokuthi i-myeloma eminingi, uhlobo lwesithathu oluyinhloko lomdlavuza wegazi, futhi lilandisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-15 amacala.
Izimpawu ze-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma
Izimpawu ze-leukemia kanye ne-lymphoma zingabi kakhulu. Kungenzeka kube nezimpawu ezingacacile ezifana nokukhathala noma imfiva engaqondakali ekuqaleni. Noma, izimpawu zokuxwayisa zomdlavuza wegazi ezinamandla nazo zingenzeka, ezingabandakanya izilonda zelapho ezivuvukalayo ezivame kakhulu ku-lymphoma; noma ukulimala okungavamile, ukuphuma kwegazi, noma ubuhlungu bezinthambo ezijwayelekile kwezinye izinhlobo ze-leukemia; kanye nezimpawu ezivamile ezifana nokuzwa ukhathele kakhulu, ubuthakathaka, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, ukugcwala kwesisu, umkhuhlane, nokukhukhumeza ebusuku. Izimpawu eziningi ezimele zesigaba ngasinye zibalwe ngezansi:
I-leukemia
- uzizwe buthakathaka, ukhathele, noma ukhululekile
- izifo eziningi
- imfiva engachaziwe
- ukulimaza okungavamile noma ukuphaphaza
- ubuhlungu bethambo kanye nobuhlungu obuhlangene
Lymphoma
- i-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe
- umkhuhlane
- ukujuluka ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ebusuku
- ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
- ukukhathala okungavamile
- ukungakhululeki kwesisu nangokwakheka lapho bedla, ngenxa yengubo ekhulisiwe
Kodwa-ke, noma i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma ngokuvamile ayitholakali ukuthi isekelwe ezimpawu kuphela.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma
Ukuhlola okungavamile kwebhu kanye nezifundo zokuzicabangela, ezithathwe ndawonye nezimpawu, zingase zisho ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, kodwa ngokuvamile ukuxilongwa kwesifo kudinga ukuthola isampula yokuhlola.
Ama-sampuli wegazi kanye nama-biopsies-avela ku- lymph nodes kanye nomnkantso wesifuba mhlawumbe nakwamanye amasayithi-athathwa futhi athunyelwe ukuhlaziywa kwama-laboratory okuzinikezele. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo akugcini nje ukusetha noma ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kodwa kungasetshenziswa futhi ukucacisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Lokhu ukuthayipha okuqondile kanye nokuhlelwa kwezinhlahlandlela zokuhlela ukwelashwa futhi kusiza ukulungisa ukubikezela.
Izinto Eziphezulu Ukuze Ukwazi Nge-Leukemia Ne-Lymphoma
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-leukemia ne-lymphoma?
Umehluko owodwa oluyisisekelo luhlobene nokuthi yiziphi izitho zomzimba ezithintekayo kakhulu. Ngokomlando, izifo zomdlavuza wegazi zachazwa njenge-leukemi uma ngabe inqwaba yesi sifo itholakala egazini; noma i-lymphomas uma inqwaba yesi sifo yayisezithombeni ze-lymph; noma i-myelomas uma inqwaba yesifo yayisemathanjeni.
I-lymphomas iningi iqalisa kuma-lymph node, kuyilapho ama-leukemias kucatshangwa ukuthi aqala kwesinye se-stem cell engavamile ngaphakathi emnothweni wethambo ongayeki ukuhlukanisa lapho i-stem cell ejwayelekile ingaba khona.
Ngokuvamile, kunezimo eziningi ze-lymphoma kune-leukemia etholakala minyaka yonke, ngamacala angu-81 000 amasha okuthiwa i-lymphoma kanye namacala angu-60,000 omusha we-leukemia.
Kukhona nezinye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwe-leukemia ne-lymphoma, njengezinhlobo zamaseli, ezidinga ukujula ngokujulile ensimu enzima kakhulu ukuze uchaze kahle.
Ngubani Othola I-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma?
Bobabili abadala nabantwana bangase bahlakulele i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Phakathi kwezinsana nezingane, noma kunjalo, i-leukemia ivame kakhulu kune-lymphoma. Empeleni, i-leukemia yiyona eyingozi kunazo zonke ebuntwaneni.
Iqembu elivame kakhulu lama-lymphomas , ama- lymphomas angewona ama-Hodgkin, angase atholakale kunanoma isiphi isikhathi, kodwa cishe amaphesenti angu-50 amacala avela kubantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-66 ubudala.
Amaqembu asezindaweni ezithintekayo kanye nezici ezingozini ngokuvamile zixhomeke kuhlobo noma isifo somdlavuza wegazi. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zindlela zishintsha ngezakhi zofuzo, ubuhlanga, kanye nezwe. Ngokwesibonelo, izibalo zomdlavuza ofanayo zingahluka, kuye ngokuthi ukhuluma nge-Western Europe noma eChina.
Iyini Isibikezelo?
Uma usuwazi uhlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, yonke imibuzo mayelana nokwelapha etholakalayo nokubikezelwa kahle kuhloswe kahle kukhonsathi nodokotela wakho-futhi uma kuziwa ekuchasweni, kufaneleka ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abangekho izibalo. Ngisho nabantu abanalo uhlobo olufanayo lwe-leukemia noma i-lymphoma bangaba nemiphumela ehluke kakhulu.
Ukwengeza, idatha yokusinda inekhono lokudukisa-ngokwesibonelo, uma ukwelashwa okungcono kuye kwavela kusukela ngesikhathi sokuhlaziywa kodwa kungakabonakali izibalo zokusinda. Futhi, ungase uhlangabezane nesibalo sokusinda esiluhlobo lwakho oluthile lwe-lymphoma noma i-leukemia kodwa akusebenzi kuwe, ngoba idatha isinqunyelwe izigaba ezithile zomdlavuza, imithi ethile yokwelashwa, noma iminyaka ethile ekuxilongweni, njll.
Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kungenzeka ngezinhlobo ezithile, kodwa hhayi kwabanye. Futhi, ngokujwayelekile, futhi ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-cancer yesifo, izikhathi zokusinda zithuthuke kakhulu kusukela ngawo-1960. Kwamanye amagciwane egazi, abantu bangaphila nesifo sabo iminyaka engama-20 noma ngaphezulu; kwabanye, isikhathi sokusinda silinganiswa kusukela ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kuya ezinyangeni, eminyakeni, noma eminyakeni engaphezu kwemihlanu.
Yini Ebangelwa I-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma?
Ezimweni eziningi, akuyona into ecacile eyenziwa yi-leukemia noma i-lymphoma. Kodwa-ke, ososayensi benze izinto ezibalulekile mayelana nezakhi zofuzo zomdlavuza kanye nezindima zamajethi athile ekuthuthukiseni lala makhankaso. Izici ezinobungozi ezifana nobudala, umlando womndeni, izifo ezithile, ukuvezwa kwezidakamizwa ezibangelwa umdlavuza, nokushiswa kwemisindo kuye kwacwaningwa, kepha ngisho noma unenkinga engozini bese kamuva uthuthukisa i-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, ezimweni eziningi kunzima ukusho ngokuqinisekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi leyo nengozi yanikezele noma yabangela isifo sakho.
Izinhlobo Eziyinhloko ze-Leukemia ne-Lymphoma
Lymphoma
Uma ufunda mayelana ne-leukemia ne-lymphoma futhi ubona "i-Hodgkin" noma "engeyona i-Hodgkin's" , ukugembula okuphephile ukuthi isihloko esiseduze siyi-lymphoma, hhayi i-leukemia. Kungenxa yokuthi lezi yizigaba ezimbili eziyisisekelo ze-lymphoma:
- I-Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)
- I-Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (i-NHL).
Isifo sikaHodgkin kanye ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma kubhekisela into efanayo-njalo i-lymphoma, futhi kuba lymphoma engasikhululeka. Futhi uzobona ukupela okuphambene-noma ngaphandle kwe-apostrophe-kodwa yisifo esifanayo. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ze-Hodgkin lymphoma; ngenkathi engeyona i-Hodgkin lymphoma, uhlu lwezinhlobo lude kakhulu.
I-leukemia
Ngokuvamile i-leukemia ihlukaniswa ibe izinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko. Ngaphakathi kwezinhlobo eziyinhloko, kukhona futhi ama-subsets. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zilandelayo:
- i-myelogenous leukemia (CML) engapheliyo
- i-myelogenous leukemia (AML)
- i-lymphocytic leukemia engapheli (CLL)
- i-leukemia ekulu lymphocytic (YONKE)
Izinhlobo ze-leukemia zibonisa ukuthi umdlavuza ubhekwa njenge-leukemia eyingozi noma engapheli kanje:
- I-leukemia enamandla ngokuvamile iqhubekela phambili ngokushesha ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
- I-leukemia engapheli ivame ukuqhubeka kancane kancane, kodwa ingashintsha ibe yi-leukemia enobudlova, enobuhlungu.
I-leukemia ibizwa nangokuthi i- lymphoid noma i- myeloid , kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamangqamuzana ezenza igazi emsheni wamathambo waba umdlavuza. Ngezinye izikhathi kusetshenziselwa ukuguquguquka kwesimo se-Myeloid ne-myelogenous; i-lymphoid, i-lymphoblastic, ne-lymphocytic nayo isetshenziselwa ukubhekisela ekulimazeni okufanayo.
Izinto Eziphezulu Ukuze Ukwazi Nge-Leukemia
I-leukemia yilezi zingqamuzana zamaseli kanye nama-tissue akha igazi aqala emnothweni wethambo. Uhlobo lwe-leukemia luxhomeke ekutheni luhlobo luni lwegazi olusuka lapho i-leukemia ithuthuka khona-amangqamuzana e-lymphoid noma ama-myeloid-futhi nokuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunzima yini noma kungapheli. I-leukemia yengane iphindwe ngezinye izikhathi ngokuhlukana ne-leukemia yabantu abadala ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa kwayo kwezinhlobo ze-leukemia kanye nethonya lomtholampilo.
Amangqamuzana e-leukemia emnothweni wamathambo enza amaseli amhlophe egazi ngokungavamile, ngezinye izikhathi anezinombolo eziphezulu zamaseli amhlophe angasebenzi noma angasebenzi kahle egazini elijikelezayo.
Izimpawu ze-Leukemia
Izimpawu ze-leukemia zivame ukungabi yizici, okusho ukuthi zingabangelwa izinto eziningi. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-leukemia zingenza izibonakaliso ezixwayisayo , kuhlanganise nokuphuma okungavamile noma ukulimaza, ubuhlungu bethambo nokuhlanganyela, umkhuhlane, ukukhukhumeza ebusuku, ukukhathala, isikhumba esilahlekile, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nezinye izimpawu, kubandakanya i-lymph nodes evuvukile, isipleen nesibindi. Umuntu angakwazi ukuthola i-leukemia ngaphandle kokuba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu, kanti ezinye zazo zingathembela ukuthi umthambo we-bone ophilile uthathwe ngamangqamuzana e-leukemia.
Izinhlobo ze-Leukemia nezibalo
- YONKE umdlavuza ovame kakhulu kubantwana.
- I-CLL yi-leukemia evame kakhulu kubantu abadala e-United States.
- U-AML wuhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-leukemia eliyingozi kubantu abadala.
- I-CML i-leukemia evame ukuhlotshaniswa nento okuthiwa i-chromosome ye-Philadelphia, enezingaphezu ezingamaphesenti angama-90 eziguli ze-CML ezine-genetic rearrangement.
- I-leukemia iyimdlavuza evamile kakhulu ebuntwaneni, ibheka cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zazo zonke izingane ezinganeni, futhi cishe yonke i-leukemia yengane iyisifo sokuvimbela i-leukemia.
Amanani okuphepha e-Leukemia
- Izindleko zokusinda ziyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-leukemia futhi zingaba yinselele ekuhumusheni, ngisho noma wazi ukuthi uluphi uhlobo lwe-leukemia onalo. Imibuzo mayelana nokubikezelwa komuntu kuhloswe kahle emakhonsathini nodokotela, ongakwazi ukuhlela ulwazi olwengeziwe kumuntu ngamunye.
- Ngokuvamile, izinga lokusinda-jikelele, kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-leukemia, ezihlanganisiwe-zithuthukile kakhulu kusukela ngo-1960; Kodwa-ke, amazinga omuntu ngamunye ahluka kakhulu futhi ancike ezinhlobonhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia, ama-subtypes, izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana omdlavuza, nezinye izici zesiguli ngasinye.
Izinto Eziphezulu Ukuze Ukwazi Nge-Lymphoma
I-Lymphoma iyinhlamba ehlanganisa amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, njengoba ephethe i-leukemia; kodwa esimweni se-lymphoma, amangqamuzana anomdlavuza avela emndenini we-lymphocyte wamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Ngokuvamile, i-lymphocyte enempilo ingangena futhi iphinde iphuma lymph nodes, futhi iyingxenye yethimba le-immune cell elisiza ukulwa nokutheleleka. Lapho i-lymphoma iqala, amangqamuzana e-lymphoma angakha ema-lymph nodes, umnkantsha wamathambo, uhlangothi, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Nakuba i-lymphomas ivame ukuqala kuma-lymph nodes, ingavela cishe noma yikuphi.
Izimpawu ze-Lymphoma
Njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma kungenzeka ingenayo izimpawu ekuqaleni. Kwezinye izimo, izimpawu zokuxwayisa ze-lymphoma zivelele futhi zingabandakanya ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, umkhuhlane , ukujuluka ngokweqile ebusuku, ukuhlaselwa phezu komzimba wonke, ukulahlekelwa ukudla, ubuthakathaka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuphefumula. Uma kunezibonakaliso nezimpawu, okuvame kakhulu ukukhuliswa kwe-lymph node , okungase kuvezwe njengezintanyeni entanyeni, emagqumeni, noma ekuguleni. Ngezinye izikhathi i-lymph node ekhulisiwe yiyona kuphela uphawu lwe-lymphoma, ekuqaleni.
Izinhlobo zeLymphoma kanye nezibalo
Izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-lymphoma yi-HL ne-NHL. Okuvamile kokubili yi-NHL , elandisa ngamaphesenti angama-90 azo zonke izimo ze-lymphoma.
- Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile kakhulu ze-NHL zihlukanisa i-B cell lymphoma enkulu (i-DLBCL), ilandelwa i-follicular lymphoma (FL).
- Ku-HL, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu emazweni athuthukile lubizwa ngokuthi i-nodular sclerosing HL, futhi lilandisa cishe ngamaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-80 amacala we-HL.
Umehluko phakathi kukaHodgkin no-Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
- I-HL yayiyi-lymphoma yokuqala eyotholakala futhi isethi encane, ehlukene kakhulu ye-lymphomas uma kuqhathaniswa ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. I-NHL ngokuyinhloko ihlanganisa uhlu lwawo wonke ama-lymphomas atholakale kusukela ku-HL, kuze kube manje.
- I-Hodgkin lymphomas ingase iphakame engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, ema-lymph nodes entanyeni, ngaphansi kwesifuba noma esifubeni. I-NHL ingavela kuma-lymph nodes kuwo wonke umzimba.
- Ukumiswa komdlavuza kuyindlela yokuthola ukuthi umdlavuza ungakanani emzimbeni futhi lapho utholakala khona, futhi lesi sigaba sithatha indima ekunqumeni mayelana nokwelashwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuthelela i-HL ne-NHL kuhluke kakhulu .
- Ukusabalalisa iminyaka yobudala be-HL ne-NHL futhi kungaba okuyinkimbinkimbi: I-HL ivela emaqenjini amabili ephakeme-enye kuma-80s, enye enye ema-20s. Ngakho-ke, nakuba i-HL ingenalo i-lymphoma encane kune-NHL, abantu abadala abasebasha bangase babonakale bethola okungaphezulu kwesabelo sabo se-HL-futhi ngenxa yalokho kuvezwe ekuqaleni kwe-20s.
I-Indolent vs. NHL ekhuthele
Isethulo somtholampilo se-NHL sihluka kakhulu kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwe-NHL, futhi lokho kungukuthi kukhona okungahambisani nalokhu. Amanye ama-NHL akhula kancane kancane, noma ayenamahloni, ekhulisa i-lymph node evulekayo futhi ehlehlise phansi, eminyakeni edlule. Amanye ama-NHL ahlukumezeka kakhulu, okuholela ekufeni phakathi namasonto uma engashiywanga.
Ama-Lymphoma Survival Rates
Ukuqapha okufanayo mayelana nezibalo zokusinda ku-leukemia kusebenza ku-lymphoma.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-lymphomas enamazinga ahlukene kakhulu okusinda ahlanganiswa futhi ahlukaniswe, ngokubikwa okuhlangene okubikiwe. Isibonelo, i-NHL ingathwala izilinganiso ezihlukene kakhulu, kodwa izinhlangano zisabika futhi zilandelele izinga lokusinda komuntu oneminyaka engu-5 eliphakathi kwezihlobo zabantu abano-NHL-okuzo zonke izinhlobo ezihlangene-okubikwa ukuthi cishe ngamaphesenti angu-69 ngokususelwa kubantu abatholakali phakathi kuka-2002 no-2008 Izibalo ezinjalo zingasiza ezinhlanganweni namakomidi, kepha ngokuvamile azihlinzeki ngendlela ewusizo ezigulini.
Ngokuvamile, i-HL ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo zokwelashwa ezingasetshenziswa futhi eziphulukisiwe uma ziboshwa ezinyathelweni zayo zakudala, kanti i-HL inokuphulukiswa ngisho nasezigabeni ezizayo. Kodwa-ke, kunezimo ze-HL ezibuya ngemuva kokwelashwa kanye / noma kunzima kakhulu ukuphatha. Ngaphakathi kwe-NHL, kunezinhlobo ezibhekwa njengezidakamizwa noma ezikhula kancane futhi ezithuthuka ngokushesha ngaphandle kokwelapha.
Uma Usanda Kuxilongwa Nge-Leukemia noma Lymphoma
Kulabo ababhekana nokuxilongwa okusha noma okusha kwamuva kwe-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, kuvamile ukuba uzizwe ukhululekile futhi udidekile. Thatha usuku olulodwa ngesikhathi, futhi njalo ubuze imibuzo. Ngezingqungquthela zesiguli, ukugqugquzela umdlavuza wegazi kanye namaqembu okuphila, ngisho nemithombo yezokuxhumana, kunamathuba amaningi okuxhumana nabanye okungenzeka babe nakho okufanayo. Sebenzisa la mathuba ukuxhuma nokufunda kwabanye.
ihlose ukumboza izinsisekelo ze-leukemia ne-lymphoma ngesiNgisi esicacile. Uma kudingekile, ukuhlanganisa nakho kufaka phakathi izinhlu zocwaningo kanye nezixhumanisi ezixhasweni ezinhle kwenye indawo kwiWebhu ukuze uhlole wena ngokwakho. Isibonelo, izinsiza zesiguli ezivela kwiNational Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) zenzelwe ukusiza iziguli zixoxe nodokotela bazo mayelana nezinketho ezingcono kakhulu zokwelapha zesifo sabo.
Ukuphila Ne-Leukemia noma I-Lymphoma
Ukuxilonga kungukuqala kohambo lomdlavuza. Ngesikhathi kungekho muntu obengayibhalisa ukuze abe nomdlavuza, abaningi abasinda emdlalweni bathi izinkinga nezinselele, kanye nesibindi esikhulu abazozibamba nsuku zonke, bonke bakhonza ukuguqula izimpilo zabo ngendlela enhle futhi banikeze umbono ongavamile ukuthi babengenakucabanga ngaphambili.
Kusukela kulokho ongalindela ngemithi, imiphumela emibi , ukukhathazeka ngokomzwelo, ukubhekana nokukhathala kanye nokuphelelwa umdlavuza, noma ukugubha omunye unyaka wokuphila kwakho kwebhonasi, uhambo lomdlavuza lungaba nemiphumela eminingi, ngakho-ke hlola emuva njalo nasesigaba ngasinye esisha.
Izwi elivela
Uma wena noma othandekayo usanda kutholakala ukuthi une-leukemia noma i-lymphoma, kungokwemvelo ukuzwa sengathi uwedwa, noma ukuba uhlolwe ikhanda ngemicabango, ukudideka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, intukuthelo nokwesaba.
Qiniseka ukwazi ukuthi awodwa . Ukuqonda isifo sakho nokuguqula impilo emva kokuxilongwa kokubili kubalulekile "ukuhlambalaza isilo." I-Cancer iguqula ukuphila, kodwa kukhona njalo ithemba.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Cancer Society. Amaqiniso Nama-Cancer. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/content/@editorial/documents/document/acspc-044552.pdf .
> Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF et al. Izincomo zokuhlola kokuqala, ukuhlolwa kwesiteleka nokuphendula kweHodgkin kanye ne-non-Hodgkin lymphoma: ukuhlelwa kwe-lugano. J Clin Oncol . 2014; 32 (27) 3059-3068.
> I-Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. http://www.lls.org/disease-information.
> Imihlahlandlela ye-NCCN yokwelashwa kwe-Cancer yiSayithi. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/f_guidelines.asp.