Kungenzeka ukuthi uzwile ukuthi uqhubeka uchungechunge lwezigaba njengoba ulala, kodwa lokho kusho ukuthini ngempela? Ukulala ukulala, akunjalo? Eqinisweni, kusekhona okuningi okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwekhanda lakho ngenkathi ulele, futhi ngumsebenzi ebuchosheni bakho obonisa lezi zigaba ezahlukene zokulala.
Kwakuyi- electroencephalograph (EEG) eyenzelwe ukuthi ososayensi bafunde ukulala ngendlela engakaze kwenzeke ngaphambili.
Phakathi neminyaka yama-1950, u-Eugene Aserinsky, owayengumfundi oqeqeshwe iziqu, wasebenzisa leli thuluzi ukuze athole ukuthi yini namuhla eyaziwa ngokuthi ukulala kwe-REM . Ucwaningo oluqhubekayo lokulala kwabantu luye lwabonisa ukuthi ubuthongo buya phambili ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezigaba lapho amaphethini ahlukahlukene angama-brain wavezwa khona.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokulala:
- ukunyakaza okungekho okusheshayo (i-NREM) - eyaziwa nangokulala okuthulile
- ukunyakaza kwamehlo okusheshayo (REM) - eyaziwa nangokulala okusebenzayo noma ukulala okuphazamisayo
Iziqalo Zokulala
Ngezigaba zokuqala zokulala, usalokhu uphapheme futhi uqaphele. Ubuchopho buveza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amagagasi e-beta, okuncane futhi okusheshayo.
Njengoba ubuchopho buqala ukuphumula nokuphuza, amagagasi amancane awaziwa ngokuthi amagagasi e-alpha akhiqizwa. Ngalesi sikhathi lapho ungalali, ungase uthole ukuzwa okungajwayelekile futhi okucacile okubizwa ngokuthi i-hypnagogic hallucinations. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zalesi simo zihlanganisa ukuzwa sengathi uwa noma uzwa othile ebiza igama lakho.
Esinye isenzakalo esivamile kakhulu kule nkathi siyaziwa ngokuthi i- myoclonic jerk . Uma wake waqala ukuzwakalisa ngokuzumayo ngoba kubonakala kungenasizathu nhlobo, khona-ke uke wabhekana nalesi simo. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kungavamile, lezi zinduku ze-myoclonic empeleni zivame kakhulu.
Esikhathini esidlule, ochwepheshe balele ubuthongo phakathi kwezigaba ezahlukene eziyisihlanu.
Ngokushesha nje, kunjalo, izigaba 3 no-4 zahlanganiswa ukuze kube nezinyathelo ezintathu ze-NREM kanye nesigaba sokulala se-REM.
I-NREM Isigaba 1
Isigaba 1 siqala umjikelezo wokulala futhi isiteji esincane sokulala. Isigaba 1 singabhekwa njengenkathi yokuguquka phakathi kokuvuka nokulala.
Esigabeni soku-1, ubuchopho buveza ama-amplitude theta, aphezulu kakhulu. Le nkathi yokulala ihlala isikhathi esifushane (imizuzu emihlanu kuya kweyishumi). Uma uphaphaza umuntu ngalesi sigaba, bangase babike ukuthi babengalali ngempela.
I-NREM Isigaba 2
Phakathi nesigaba 2 ukulala:
- Abantu bayazi kangako indawo abazungezile
- Ukushisa komzimba kwehla
- Ukushisa nokushaya kwenhliziyo kuyaqhubeka njalo
Isigaba sesi-2 yisigaba sesibili sokulala futhi sihlala cishe amaminithi angu-20. Ubuchopho buqala ukukhiqiza ukuqhuma okusheshayo, okuyisigqi esivumelwaneni somkhuhlane owaziwa ngokuthi izimpande zokulala. Ukushisa komzimba kuyaqala ukwehla futhi izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo liqala ukuphuza. Ngokusho kwe-American Sleep Foundation, abantu basebenzisa cishe amaphesenti angu-50 ekulala kwabo ngokuphelele kule ndawo.
I-NREM Isigaba 3
Phakathi nesigaba 3 ukulala:
- Imisipha iphumule
- Ukucindezeleka kwegazi nokuphumula kwesilinganiso sokuphefumula
- Ukulala okujulile kwenzeka
Lesi sigaba sasihlukaniswe ngaphambili sibe yizigaba 3 no 4.
Amagagasi obuchopho obujulile aziwa ngokuthi amagagasi e-delta aqala ukuvela ngesikhathi sokulala 3. Lesi sigaba futhi ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi i-delta yokulala.
Phakathi nalesi sigaba, abantu bangabe besabela kancane futhi imisindo nomsebenzi emvelweni bangase bahluleke ukudala impendulo. Kubuye kube njengenkathi yesikhashana phakathi kokulala okuncane nokulala okujulile.
Ucwaningo oludala lwaphakamisa ukuthi ukuchelela embhedeni kwakungenzeka kakhulu phakathi nalesi sigaba esibucayi sokulala, kodwa ubufakazi obuthile obusanda kubonisa ukuthi ukulala okunjalo kungase kwenzeke kwezinye izigaba. Ukulala nokuvame ukuvame ukuvela kaningi ngesikhathi sokulala okujulile kwalesi sigaba.
REM Sleep
Ngesikhathi sokulala kwe-REM:
- Ubuchopho buyasebenza kakhulu
- Umzimba ukhululekile futhi ungenakulinganiswa
- Amaphupho ayenzeka
- Amehlo ahamba ngokushesha
Iningi lokuphupha livela ngesikhathi sesine sokulala, eyaziwa ngokuthi ukulala kwe-eye ngokushesha (REM) yokulala. Ukulala kwe-REM kuboniswa ukunyakaza kwamehlo, ukukhula kwezinga lokuphefumula, nokwenyuka komsebenzi wobuchopho. I-American Sleep Foundation ikhombisa ukuthi abantu basebenzisa cishe amaphesenti angu-20 ekulala kwabo ngokuphelele kule ndawo.
Ukulala kwe-REM kubhekiselwa nangokuthi ubuthongo obunzima ngoba ngenkathi ubuchopho nezinye izinhlelo zomzimba ziba namandla kakhulu, imisipha ikhululekile kakhulu. Ukuphupha kwenzeka ngenxa yokwenyuka komsebenzi wobuchopho, kodwa imisipha yokuzithandela ingenakulinganiswa.
Ukulandelana kwezigaba zokulala
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukulala akuqhubeki kulezi zigaba ngokulandelana. Ukulala kuqala esiteji soku-1 futhi kuqhubeka ngezigaba 2, no-3. Emva kwesigaba sokulala sesi-3, isigaba sokulala 2 siphindwa ngaphambi kokungena ku-REM. Uma ubuthongo be-REM sebephelile, umzimba ubuyele esiteji sesibili ukulala. Ukujikeleza okuhamba ngalezi zigaba cishe izikhathi ezine noma ezinhlanu kulo lonke ubusuku.
Ngokwesilinganiso, singena esigabeni se-REM cishe amaminithi angu-90 ngemva kokulala. Umjikelezo wokuqala wokulala kwe-REM ungase uhlale isikhathi esifushane kuphela, kodwa umjikelezo ngamunye uhlala isikhathi eside. Ukulala kwe-REM kungapheli kuze kube ihora njengoba kuqhubeka ukulala.
Nakuba ukulala ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengendlela engenzi lutho, ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ubuchopho busebenza ngempela phakathi nezigaba ezahlukene zokulala. Ukulala kudla indima ebalulekile eziningana zezinqubo, kufaka phakathi ukuhlanganiswa kwenkumbulo nokuhlanza ubuchopho.
Imithombo:
American Sleep Association. (). Iyini ukulala? Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-https: //www.sleepassociation.org/patients-general-public/what-is-sleep/
Cendron, M. (1999). I-enuresis yokuqala yasebusuku: imiqondo yamanje. I-American Family Physician, 59 (5) , 1205-1214.
I-National Sleep Foundation. (nd). Kwenzekani uma ulala? Ibuyiselwe kusuka ku-https: //sleepfoundation.org/how-sleep-works/what-happens-when-you-sleep
U-Pressman, MR (2007). Izinto ezibeka phambili, eziqakathekileko, futhi zinciphise ukubhuka kwe-NREM kubantu abadala: impikiswano yezokwelapha kanye nezokwelapha. Ukubuyekezwa kwemithi yokulala, 11 (1), 5-30.
Ama-Purves, D., Augustine, GJ, Fitzpatrich, D., et al. (2001). I-neuroscience, uhlelo lwesibili. I-NCBI Bookshelf. I-Sunderland, MA: Abakwa-Sinauer Associates. Ibuyiswe kusuka ku-http: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10996/.