Ukukhuluma ngezimbangela ze- hyperthyroidism kudinga ingxoxo yamathuba amaningi kakhulu-Amathuna, i-thyroiditis, i-goiter, nabanye-kunesimo esijwayelekile. Ngenkathi kunesici esijwayelekile phakathi kwabo ngoba konke kubangele igciwane lakho le-thyroid ukuthi likhiqize i-hormone kakhulu yegciwane, ukuthi ukwenza lokhu kuhluke kanjani. Izimbangela ezimbalwa ziyakwazi ukugwema, kodwa iningi alikho-nokunquma ukuthi yiyiphi impande yendaba yakho ethize idinga ukuhlolwa.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Izimbangela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu ze-thyroid ezingasebenzi kakhulu yizifo ze- Graves , i-goxic nodular noma i- multinodular goiter , ne- thyroiditis .
Izifo zamathuna
Isifo se-Graves, isifo esizimele, yisisusa esivame kakhulu se-hyperthyroidism e-United States. Esigungwini se-Graves, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela somuntu senza ama-antibodies ahlanganisa amangqamuzana e-thyroid, abangela ukuba badonsa ama-hormone wegciwane ngokweqile.
I-Goxic Nodular noma iMultinodular Goiter
I-goiter ene-nodular noma ye-multinodular inezinyosi ezibhekene ne-nodules eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ye-thyroid noma izindebe ezikhiqiza i-hormone ye-thyroid eyedlulele. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zimbonakaliso zibizwa ngokuthi "ama-nodules ashisayo," ngoba zithatha i-radioiodine ekuvivinyweni kokuvutha kwe-iodine.
I-Thyroiditis
I-Thyroiditis isho ukuthi "ukuvuvukala kwegciwane le-thyroid" futhi yisikhathi sokugqoka ngenxa yezifo eziningana zokuvuvukala kwegciwane.
Isibonelo esisodwa esivamile se-thyroiditis yi-postpartum thyroiditis, eyenzeka ngemva kokubeletha owesifazane.
Abanye besifazane bathola i-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana, kulandelwa i-hypothyroidism yesikhashana, kuyilapho abanye besifazane bezwa kuphela i-hyperthyroidism, kanti abanye, yi-hypothyroidism kuphela.
Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-thyroiditis ingabangelwa ukutheleleka (isibonelo, amabhaktheriya alimaza amangqamuzana e-thyroid), imithi ethile (isibonelo, i-amiodarone, i-lithium, noma i-interferon), i-trauma, i-radiation, noma ukucindezeleka okukhulu.
Okokugcina, i-subacute thyroiditis (ebizwa ngokuthi i-de-quervain's thyroiditis) idala i-hyperthyroidism yesikhashana ilandelwe yesikhashana (nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ingapheli) i-hypothyroidism. Isici esihlukanisayo se-subacute thyroiditis wukuthi umuntu uyoba nesifo segciwane lesithenda.
Ezinye Izimbangela
Nakuba izimo eziningi ze-hyperthyroidism zingenxa yalezi zingenhla, ezinye izimbangela zingase zibhekwe:
I-Hyperthyroidism Yokwelapha-Yenza Imithi
Ukuthatha i-hormone yegciwane elikhulu kakhulu-noma ngabe ngengozi noma ngokuzivocavoca ngamabomu-kungabangela imithi-i-hyperthyroidism ehoxisiwe. Amanye amandla angaphezu kwamandla, ukudla, kanye nama-glandular supplements nawo aqukethe i-hormone ye-thyroid esebenzayo, engakwenza ube ne-hyperthyroid.
I-iodine
Ukutholakala noma ukufaka iodine ngokweqile (ngokwesibonelo, ukuthatha i-iodine noma izithako ezine- iodine ) kungabangela i-hyperthyroidism.
I-Hyperthyroidism yesikhashana emisebeni kaHashimoto
Ngokuvamile abantu abane-Hashimoto's thyroiditis bangama-hypothyroid, njengoba amangqamuzana omzimba omzimba omzimba echitha izicubu ze-thyroid. Nokho, ezimweni ezingavamile, umuntu angase aqale hyperthyroid, ngaphambi kokuba abe hypothyroid. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kubizwa ngeHashitoxicosis.
I-Hyperthyroidism ehamba kancane ye-Hyperemesis Gravidarum
I-Hyperemesis gravidarum iyinkinga engavamile yokuhlukumezeka okuqhubekayo nokuhlanza nokulahlekelwa kwesisindo samaphesenti angu-5 noma ngaphezulu ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kokuqala.
Abanye besifazane abane-hyperemesis gravidarum bathuthukisa i-hyperthyroidism, nakuba ama-hormone e-thyroid ngokuvamile ephakanyiswa kancane.
Hyperthyroidism ye-Pituitary-Induced
I-pituitary gland yakho ibizwa ngokuthi i-"master" gland, njengoba ikhiqiza ama-hormone aqala ezinye izigulane, njenge-gland yakho yegciwane, ukukhulula amanye ama-hormone.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-hyperthyroidism eyenziwa yi-pituitary, ebizwa nangokuthi i-hyperthyroidism ephakathi. Uhlobo olulodwa lubangelwa isisu emgodini we-pituitary owenza i-hormone ye-thyroid-stimulating, noma i-TSH (ebizwa ngokuthi i-pituitary adenoma).
Ngisho no-rarer wuhlobo oluhilela ukwedlula ngokweqile kwe-TSH yi-pituitary gland ngenxa yezinguquko ezakhiweni ezithinta i-hormone receptor ye-thyroid.
I-Fetal-Neonatal Hyperthyroidism
Isifo se-Graves yisisusa esivame kakhulu se-hyperthyroidism ekukhulelweni, nakuba kusengavamile, okwenzeka ku-1 kwabangu-1500 abesifazane abakhulelwe, ngokwe-American Thyroid Association.
Kulaba besifazane abanesifo sika-Graves (noma umlando we-Graves 'disease), cishe amaphesenti angu-2 kuya ku-5 amaphesenti amantana azo aqala ukukhula komntwana noma i-hyperthyroidism ye-neonatal, ebonakala ngezibonakaliso ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa ukunyakaza kwezibilini, ukukhula kwenhliziyo okwandayo, isisindo sokuzalwa esincane, isikhala esincane senhloko, kanye ne-goiter eyandisiwe.
I-Genetics
I-Genetics idlala indima ekuthuthukiseni ama-Graves 'hyperthyroidism, njengoba kuboniswa ukuthi amaqoqo e-Graves' amagciwane emindenini.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuthwala izakhi ezithile zegciwane (noma umlando womndeni obaluleke kakhulu eSifo se-Graves noma ezinye izifo ezizimele) kungenza umuntu akwazi ukuthuthukisa i-thyroid engasebenzi ngaphezu komuntu ongenawo lawo gciwane.
Lokho kusho ukuthi ososayensi abazange baqede ngokugcwele zonke lezi zihlobo zofuzo, ngakho-ke ukuhlolwa kofuzo okwamanje akukwenziwanga kubantu abasolakala ukuthi banesifo seGrives.
Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi indlela yokuphila noma isakhiwo semvelo (isibonelo, ukubhema noma ukukhulelwa) kuyadingeka ukuqala ukuqala kwesifo segciwane. Ngakho umuntu angakwazi ukuthwala izakhi zofuzo ezenza zibe sengozini yezifo ze-Graves, kodwa ngaphandle kwe-trigger, akalokothi ahlakulele.
Izingozi Ezivamile Zengozi
Ukuqaphela izici ezingakwandisa ingozi ye hyperthyroidism kungakusiza ukuba uthole ingxoxo enolwazi nodokotela wakho futhi, mhlawumbe, ukwandise ukuqwashisa kwakho noma yiziphi izimpawu ongase uzibonele:
- Ukuba owesifazane
- Ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni we-autoimmune isifo (isibonelo, isifo samathambo , isifo se- lupus noma leliacac )
- Ukuba nomlando womuntu siqu noma womndeni wezifo ze-thyroid, kuhlanganise nodules we-thyroid
- Njengoba usanda kukhulelwa
- Ukubhema
- Ukuthatha i-iodine yokudla noma imithi eline-iodine (isibonelo, i-amiodarone)
- Ubhekene nokuhlukumezeka ku-gland yegciwane
- Ukuntuleka ku-Vitamin D no-selenium
- Ukubhekana nokucindezeleka kwengqondo (isibonelo, ukwahlukanisa noma ukulahlekelwa komlingani)
> Imithombo:
> Bahn RS et al. Hyperthyroidism nezinye izimbangela ze Thyrotoxicosis: Iziqondiso Zokuphatha ze-American Thyroid Association kanye ne-American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. I-Endocrine Practice. 2011; 17 (no-3).
> De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lance t 2016 Aug 27; 388 (10047): 906-18. dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00278-6
> Marino M, Latrofa F, Menconi F, Chiovato L, Vitti P. Indima yezinto ezifuywayo nezingafuzo zofuzo ku-etiology ye-Graves '. J Endocrinol Invest. 2015 Mar; 38 (3): 283-94.
> I-Ross DS. (2017). Izinkinga ezibangela hyperthyroidism. Cooper DS, ed. Kusesikhathini. Waltham, MA: UpToDate Inc.
> Smith TJ, izifo zeHegedus L. Graves '. N Engl J Med . 2016 Okthoba 20; 375 (16): 1552-65.