I-blood disorder disorder idala i-anemia nobuhlungu
Sibutsetelo
I-anemia ye-sick-cell isifo segazi esizuzwe njengefa. Izimpawu zayo eziyinhloko yi- anemia yesikhathi eside (esingapheliyo) kanye neziqephu zobuhlungu. Kule disorder, ama-molemomu e-hemoglobin amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, athatha i-oxygen kuwo wonke umzimba, ayilungile. Lezi zinqamuzana ezinobungozi zibangela amanye amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ukuba ashintshe futhi akhe isimo sogwayi. La maseli egazi angavamile angumthombo we-anemia nobuhlungu.
Ukuvama
I-anemia ye-sickle-cell ijwayelekile phakathi kwabantu abakhokho babo abavela e-Afrika engaphansi kweSahara, izindawo ezikhuluma iSpanishi zezwe (eNingizimu Melika, Cuba, nase-Central America), eSaudi Arabia, India naseMediterranean amazwe afana neTurkey, eSicily, eGrisi , ne-Italy.
Uma ucatshangwa ukuthi uyisifo esingavamile , ucwaningo lubonisa manje ukuthi e-United States, i-anemia ye-hookle-cell isenzeka cishe ku-1 kuzo zonke izingane ezingu-500 zase-Afrika zaseMelika ezizalwe futhi ku-1 kuzo zonke izingane ezingu-900 zaseMelika zaseMelika ezizalwa.
Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezimbili baseMelika bathwala isakhi esingenasici se- agile-cell cell anemia kodwa abanalo isifo. Kodwa-ke, uma abantu ababili abanesisindo esingafaneleki bashade, kunesinye ithuba elilodwa lokuthi noma yimuphi umntwana abanawo angaba ne-anemia ye-sickle-cell.
Ukuxilongwa
Iningi lamazwe ase-US enza ukuhlolwa kwegazi okulula kuzo zonke izingane ezizalelwe ukuthola i-antenia yegalele-cell. Uma ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi i-hemoglobin engavamile iyatholakala, ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwesibili kwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kutholakala yini.
Izimpawu
- Ubuhlungu: Amangqamuzana egazi obomvu afanana nesigqoko asinamathele futhi anenkinga yokudlula emithanjeni encane yegazi emzimbeni. Amaseli anamathela, ahlangane, futhi avimbele ukugeleza kwegazi. Ukuvimbela igazi kungabangela ubuhlungu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-sickle-cell crisis.
- I-anemia: Amangqamuzana egazi abomvu afanana nesiguli afe ngokushesha. Khona-ke akhona amangqamuzana egazi abomvu okwanele ukuthwala oksijini kuwo wonke umzimba. Umphumela ukukhathala, ubuhlungu nokuphefumula .
- Ukukhula okulindelekile : I- anemia iyanciphisa izinga lokukhula ngoba amangqamuzana omzimba awawutholi oksijini abayidingayo ukuze akhule. Izingane kanye nabantu abadala abane-anemia ye-sickle-cell ngokuvamile banezakhiwo ezincane kunezinye abantu abaneminyaka efanayo.
- Izinkinga zeso : Iso lingalimala ukungabi khona kwe-oxygen; kungaba sína ngokwanele ukubangela ubumpumputhe.
- Izifo: Abantu abane-anemia ye-sickle-cell bangasengozini yokutheleleka ngenxa yokulimala amasosha omzimba abo kusuka kulesi sifo.
- Ukushaywa yisisu : Uma igazi ligeleza engxenyeni yobuchopho livinjelwe ngamaseli agulayo, isifo singase senzeke.
- Isifo esifubeni se-chest: Ubuhlungu be-chest nomkhuhlane obangelwa i-sickle-cell anemia kungaba yinkimbinkimbi yokufaka ukuphila.
Ukwelapha
Ubuhlungu obuvela ku-antenia ye-hookle-cell buphathwa ngezidakamizwa zokubulala ubuhlungu kanye namanzi aphethwe yi-intravenous fluid. Izinkinga eziningi ziphathwa njengoba zenzeka. Isidakamizwa se-anticancer hydroxyurea singanciphisa ubujamo bezinkinga zesifo se-sickle cell kanye nesifo se-acute syndrome.
Izingane ezincane, ezineminyaka engama-5 ubudala, zivame ukunikezwa ngomlomo nge-penicillin kabili ngosuku ukuvimbela i-pneumonia. Ukumpontshelwa igazi kungalungisa i-anemia, kusize ukuvimbela imivimbo, futhi uphathe ukwandiswa kwesipelingi. Kodwa-ke, kukhona imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokumpontshelwa njalo.
Ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njalo kubalulekile kubantu abane-anemia ye-sickle-cell.
Ngokunakekelwa kahle kwezempilo, abantu abanesifo bangaba nempilo enhle futhi baphile phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili nangaphezulu.
Ucwaningo
Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lufuna izidakamizwa zokwelapha i-antenia yegalele-cell. Ososayensi baye bahlakulela amagundane e-laboratory ane-sickle-cell isifo esifana nabantu ukuze imithi entsha ihlolwe. Ukufakelwa kwe-bone marrow kungaphilisa lesi sifo, kodwa umnkantsha kumele uvela kumuntu onempilo ohambelana nabantwana, futhi inqubo inezingozi eziningi .
Umthombo:
"Ama-FAQ". 2007. I-American Sickle Cell Anemia Association. 27 Jul 2009.