I-Lupus yisifo esizimele esisodwa esithatha amafomu amaningana, okuyi-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) eyodwa. I-Lupus ingathinta noma iyiphi ingxenye yomzimba, kodwa ngokuvamile ihlasela isikhumba, amalunga, inhliziyo, amaphaphu, amaseli egazi, izinso, nobuchopho. Abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-1.5 baseMelika banesimo esithile se-lupus, ngokusho kweLupus Foundation of America, okulinganiselwa ku-16 000 esanda kutholakala njalo ngonyaka.
Noma ubani oneminyaka noma yimuphi ubudala angathola lesi sifo, nakuba iziguli eziningi ze-lupus ziphakathi kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-15 no-45.
I-Immune System
Ngokuvamile, amasosha omzimba wethu avikela umzimba wethu ngokumelene nabahlaseli be-microbial njengamagciwane nama-bacteria. Ngesifo esizimele, lesi sivikelo sesimiso sokuzivikela samasosha omzimba siqala ukuhlasela umzimba.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umuntu angathola ukuvuvukala (isici esiyisisekelo se-lupus), ubuhlungu, nokulimala komzimba. Ukuvuvukala ngaphakathi kungabangela ubuhlungu, ukushisa, ubomvu, ukuvuvukala, nokulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ngaphakathi ngaphakathi (izinhlaka ezithile), ngaphandle (ngokuyinhloko isikhumba), noma kokubili.
Izifo ezizenzakalelayo ezifana ne-lupus kungaba nzima ukuyihlolisisa nokuhlukanisa.
Izinhlobo ze-Lupus
Kunezinhlobo ezine ze-lupus ezithinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba. Ngisho noma unalo uhlobo olufanayo lwe-lupus njengomunye umuntu, izimpawu zakho ngeke zifane, njengoba lesi sifo sithandwa kakhulu.
I-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu ye lupus i-systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), engathinta izingxenye eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi amalunga, isikhumba, imithwalo yegazi, nezitho. Lolu hlobo luthinta abantu abangamaphesenti angama-70 abantu abanesifo futhi ngokuvamile okukhulunywe ngaso lapho abantu bekhuluma ngokuthi "lupus."
Abagulayo abane-SLE bangaphumelela iminyaka eminingi ebomvu, ukukhathala okwedlulele, amalunga abuhlungu noma avuvukile, noma imfiva ngaphandle kokubona iphethini emagqabeni noma udokotela ekwazi ukuhlola i-SLE. Lezi zimpawu zingase zifike futhi zihambe kanye kanye futhi zikwazi ukuhluka kusukela komnene kuya kobukhulu.
I-SLE ivame ukuxilongwa ngokuthi isebenzisa i- anti-nuclear antibody test test (ANA) , echaza ama-autoantibodies ahlasela amathisula omzimba wakho namaseli. I-ANA enhle ayisho ukuthi ukhona i-lupus, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi ingxenye eyodwa yephazili ye-lupus diagnosis efaka izimpawu zakho, ukuhlola ngokomzimba, nezinye izivivinyo ezibheke kakhulu ze-laboratory.
I-Lupus Edlalwa Izidakamizwa
I-lupus eyenziwe ngezidakamizwa ihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa ngokukhethekile zilethwe izinhlobo ezithile zezidakamizwa, ngokuvamile zithathwa isikhathi eside. I-lupus eyenziwe ngezidakamizwa ishintshe ngokuphelele uma isidakamizwa siphelile, futhi izimpawu ngokuvamile ziyahamba zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha. Lolu hlobo lubalelwa kumaphesenti angama-10 wezinkinga ze-lupus.
Izidakamizwa eziningi ziye zaziwa ukuthi zenza leli fomu lesi sifo, kodwa eziningana zibhekwa njengezimbangi eziyinhloko. Ziyi-anti-inflammatories, ama-anticonvulsants, noma izidakamizwa ezisetshenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo se-thyroid, umfutho wegazi ophezulu (ukucindezelwa kwegazi eliphezulu), kanye nezifo ze-neuropsychiatric.
Lezi zidakamizwa ezintathu ezisolakala ukuthi i-lupus ezenzelwe izidakamizwa ziyi:
- procainamide - esetshenziselwa ukuphatha ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo
- i-hydralazine - esetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophezulu
- i-isoniazid - isetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sofuba
Lupus encane
Abanye abantu banezibonakaliso zesikhumba kuphela ze-lupus, futhi kuthiwa bane-lupus-ehlukile ye-lupus, eyedwa, elandisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-10 e-lupus amacala. Kodwa-ke, izilonda ze-lupus ezincane zikhona ezingxenyeni ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu ezixilongwa nge-SLE.
Njengamanye amafomu we-lupus, kungumzimba womzimba wakho ohlasela isikhumba sakhe esijwayelekile. Isizathu esiqondile salolu fomu asikwazi, nakuba abesifazane baningi amathuba okuba nawo futhi bangakwazi ukugijima emindenini.
Ukubhema ukubhema nokukhanya kwelanga kuye kwaboniswa ukwandisa lesi simo.
Kukhona, ngokuvamile ukukhuluma, izinhlobo ezintathu ze-lupus enegazi, okufaka:
- I- cutid lupus ): I- discoid lupus, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-lupus engenamaphutha, izilonda ezivuthayo ezikhula ebusweni bakho, izindlebe, isikhumba sesikhumba, nakwezinye izindawo zomzimba. Lezi zilonda zingaba yi-crusty noma i-scaly futhi zivame ukonakala. Ngokuvamile abalimazi noma badonsa. Ezinye iziguli zibika izilonda nokuqothula kwesikhumba, okwenza izinwele zibe nokukhula okungenakwenzeka kulezo zindawo. Abantu abaningi abane-discoid lupus abanalo i-SLE. Empeleni, i-discoid lupus ivame kakhulu emadodeni kunabesifazane.
- I-subacute cutaneous : Izimpawu zesikhumba ze-lupra lupute ezivuthiwe ngokuvamile zilula. Abantu abanalesi simo, okuyinto efana neyakhe i-lupus, ekhona ngamapulethi abomvu, aqinile futhi aphakanyiswe, izilonda zesikhumba esicwecwe. Lezi zinhlayiya zitholakala zodwa noma ngamaqembu futhi ziba nobukhulu besayizi kusuka ku-5 mm kuya ku-20 mm, ngokuvamile zivela esihlahleni, kufaka phakathi nesifuba nesiphakamiso esiphezulu. Amaphesenti angaba ngu-10 abantu abane-SLE bahlukumeza lupus. Imithi ethile ingase ibangele ne-subacute i-lupus ene-cutaneous.
- I-cutaneous enembile: Lona uhlobo lokuvuleka kwesikhumba okwenzeka lapho i-SLE yakho isebenza. Izilonda ezihlotshaniswa ne-lupus i-lupus eziyinkimbinkimbi zibonakala njengezindawo eziqhekekile zesikhumba esibomvu ebusweni, okukhumbuza ukushisa kwelanga-i-butterta butterfly ishash . Lezi zilonda zingabonakala ezingalweni, emilenzeni nasemzimbeni, futhi zitholakalayo. Nakuba izilonda zingase zikhumbule isikhumba, azikali. Izilonda zivame ukuvela ngesikhathi sokushisa noma ngemva kokushisa kwelanga.
Qaphela ukuthi kokubili okungapheliyo / okutholakala futhi okuhlukumeza i-lupus engenakwenzeka kungase kwenzeke ngokuzimela, noma kungenzeka kube yizibonakaliso ze-SLE, kanti i-lupus enomzimba ongenayo ingenzeki ngaphandle kwe-SLE.
I-Lupus ye-Neonatal
I-lupus ye- neonatal iyinhlobo engavamile yenkemba yesikhashana ethinta ingane noma isana. Akuyona i-lupus yangempela: Kwenzeka lapho i-autoantibodies yomama idluliselwa kumntanakhe ku-utero. Lezi zinambuzane zingathinta isikhumba, inhliziyo, negazi wengane. Ngenhlanhla, izinsana ezalwa ne-neonatal lupus azikho engozini yokwanda kwe-SLE kamuva ekuphileni.
Izinsana eziningi ezine-neonatal lupus zizoba nezikhukhula zesikhumba ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Okunye kuzokhipha ngokuvamile ezinyangeni ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu. Ukuchayeka kwelanga kuvame ukuletha ukuqhuma.
U-Rashes, ngokwesilinganiso, uzoshabalala cishe ezinyangeni eziyisithupha noma ngemva kwalokho, njengoba ama-autoantibodies omama ayanyamalala usana. Ukwelashwa kwezilonda zesikhumba ngokuvamile akugcini ukwedlula amafutha ukuze kusize ukukhulula ubunzima be-breakouts.
Yize kungavamile, ezinye izinsana zomama ezine-lupus zingazalwa ngesimo senhliziyo esingunaphakade kodwa singaphathwa ngokusebenzisa i-pacemaker. Lokhu kungavamile kungatholakala ngaphambi kweviki le-18 lokukhulelwa.
I-Lupus yabantwana
I-lupus yenkinga ithinta endaweni ethile phakathi kwama-5,000 no-10,000 abantwana abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala e-United States. Kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi uneminyaka engama-11 no-15 ubudala. Izingane zanoma yimuphi ubudala zingaba ne-lupus, noma kunjalo, futhi i-lupus ingahlasela izingane kunoma yiluphi uhlanga noma ubuhlanga.
I-Lupus ithinta izingane ngokufanayo ngendlela ethinta ngayo abantu abadala ngoba ziveza ngokuhlukile kumuntu ngamunye, nakuba kubonakala sengathi kunezici eziningi ezithinta isitho. Kungenzeka ukuthi izingane zivame ukugula isikhathi eside lapho zixilongwa.
Izimpawu ezinganeni zifana nezimpawu kubantu abadala, okuyinto evame kakhulu ukukhathala nokunyuka. Izimpawu zokugula ezibonakalayo zifaka umkhuhlane, ukuphahlazeka kwe-butterfly nokubandakanyeka kwezinso. Amacala amaningi ahlolwe ngempumelelo uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi le-ANA kufakwe ekuvivinyweni kokuhlola .
Ukwelashwa kungase kudingeke ukuba kube nobudlova kakhulu kubantwana, kodwa odokotela kumele baqaphele mayelana nemiphumela emibi yesikhathi eside semithi, ikakhulukazi i-corticosteroids efana ne-prednisone. Iningi lezingane lihola ingane evamile ngokuphathwa kahle nokunakekelwa kahle.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-lupus zakuqala nezingapheli zilinganisa izimpawu zezifo eziningana, ezingabangela ukungazi kahle kahle. Izimpawu zokuqala zihlanganisa:
- Fever
- UMalaise, noma ukungajabuli jikelele
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Ukukhathala
Ngokuvamile, akuze kube yilapho lezo zimpawu zihambisana nezinye, izibonakaliso ezengeziwe ezibonisa ukuthi odokotela bavame ukuhamba endleleni ye-lupus. Lezi zibonakaliso zihlanganisa, kodwa azikhawulelwe ku:
- Izilonda zesikhumba, izilonda, kanye nezixuku, ikakhulukazi ukushayeka kwe-malar, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi i-butterfly rash
- I-anemia
- Ukuntuleka kwe Iron
- Izinkinga zenhliziyo, ezifana ne-pericarditis, i-myocarditis, ne-endocarditis
- I-Pleuritis nezinye ukuvuvukala kwamapayipi
- Izinkinga zama-renal, kuhlanganise ne-hematuria engenamaphutha noma i-proteinuria (igazi noma amaprotheni emcinini wakho)
- Ukuzizwa
Izimbangela
I-Lupus namanje imfihlakalo yesihlobo kubacwaningi bezokwelapha. Isizathu esiqondile saleso sifo asisaziwa, futhi abaningi basaphikisana ngokuthi i-lupus iyisifo esisodwa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezifo eziningana ezifanayo.
Kodwa ukuvumelanisa ngezindlela ezingenzeka ukuthi i-lupus iqala kanjani kufaka phakathi:
- I-Genetics (izingozi ozizuze kubazali bakho)
- Izimbangela zemvelo (kusuka emithini, ukucindezeleka, izifo, kanye / noma ukukhanya kwelanga)
- Ukubhekana nezidakamizwa (uma kwenzeka i-lupus eyenziwa izidakamizwa)
Ukuxilongwa
Uma udokotela wakho esolwa ukuthi une-lupus erythematosus yodwa noma ihambisana ne-systemic lupus erythematosus, kunezici eziningana ezicatshangwayo, kuhlanganise:
- Ukutholwa kokuhlolwa komzimba
- Ukutholakala kwelabhulali
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-Antibody
- I-biopsy yezicubu
- I-immunofluorescence ngqo
Ekugcineni, ngenxa yobuningi bezimpawu, kungaba yinselele kudokotela wakho ukuxilonga i-lupus , futhi abantu abaningi baqala ukutholakala ukuthi sekuyiminyaka emihlanu emva kokuqala ukuqala izimpawu. Ngakho-ke, uma unomuzwa wokuthi ungase ube nezimpawu ezihambisana nokuxilongwa kwe-lupus, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashele udokotela wakho bese uveza lokhu okukhathazayo.
Isibikezelo kulabo abane-lupus ngokuvamile kuxhomeke ekubambeni komzimba. Ngamanye amazwi, ingabe isifo esihlose izitho kunokuba isikhumba namalungu? Ukusinda kweziguli ze-lupus ezinezibonakaliso zesistimu eziyinhloko, ukubandakanyeka kwegciwane elikhulu, kanye / noma isifo sezinso , kungenzeka kube mfushane kunalabo abanezifo zesikhumba kanye / noma ezihlangene ezihlobene ne-lupus. Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokufa esihlobene ne-lupus yisifo ngenxa yokuzivikela, okubangelwa imithi esetshenziswa ukuphatha lesi sifo, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwesifo.
Ukwelapha
Njengamanje, ayikho ikhambi ye-lupus. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni ukuphendula okuzenzakalelayo, ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokulimala komzimba, nokunciphisa izimpawu:
- Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, njengezidakamizwa ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye nezixazululi zesistimu yomzimba
- Indlela yokuphila yokulinganisela, kuhlanganise ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo nokuvikelwa elangeni
- Ukwakhiwa kwe-Acupuncture (nezinye izindlela zokwelashwa)
- Ukwelapha ngokomzimba
Kwezinye iziguli ezihlushwa kahle, izimpawu ze-lupus zingaphathwa njengesifo esingapheli, kodwa lesi sifo singaba sína kakhulu futhi singasongela abanye. Lesi sifo asihambisani nendlela evamile, ngakho-ke iziguli ze-lupus zivame ukubhekana nezinkinga ezingalindelekile (ama-flares) alandelwe izikhathi zokuxolelwa-ngisho nangokwelashwa.
Ukubhekana
I-Lupus ingaletha zonke izinhlobo zezinselele zomzimba nezingokomzwelo, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kutholakala. Ukufunda ukubhekana nesifo sakho kuthatha isikhathi nokuzijwayeza, futhi kufaka phakathi izinto ezifana nokuzifundisa wena nabathandekayo bakho ngesifo sakho, uzikhathalele ngokuphumula ngokwanele futhi udla kahle, ufunde ukuphatha amahora akho, nokuthola ukwesekwa.
> Imithombo:
> Femia AN. I-Lupus Erythematosus ye-Neonatal and Pediatric. I-Medscape. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 8, 2016.
> Lupus Foundation of America. Ukubona i-Lupus ku-Izingane. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Agasti 16, 2013.
> Lupus Foundation of America. Imininingwane ye-Lupus nezibalo.
> Sontheimer RD. Indlela Lupus Ethinta Ngayo Isikhumba. Lupus Foundation of America. Kubuyekezwe ngo-12 Julayi 2013.