Izimpawu Nezinkinga Zokuhluleka Kwezinhliziyo

Uma unesifo senhliziyo , kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezimpawu ongayithola. Ngokubheka ngokucophelela izimpawu zakho, ungasiza udokotela wakho ukwandise ukwelapha kwakho, kokubili ukugcina izimpawu zakho bese uyanciphisa amathuba akho okuba nezinkinga ezinkulu kakhulu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.

Izimpawu eziningi ezibangelwa ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu ezijwayelekile:

• Izimpawu ngenxa yokungena ngokweqile komfutho nokuhlanganiswa
• Izimpawu ngenxa yokunciphisa inhliziyo
• Izimpawu ngenxa ye-arrhythmias yenhliziyo

Ukubanjelwa kwe-Fluid Overload and Lung

Ukuminyanisa ngokweqile kwamapayipi nokuphuza ngamaphesenti kuneshwa njalo kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo futhi yizona zizathu ezivame kakhulu abantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukuthuthukisa izimpawu.

Ngokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo akusebenzi kangcono kunokujwayelekile. Ukukhokhela lokhu okunciphisa ikhono lokudonsa umzimba umzimba uzama ukubamba usawoti namanzi. Ukuqoqwa kwe-sodium namanzi kungase kuthuthukise ukusebenza komzimba, okungenani ngokwemvelo-kodwa ekugcineni, ukuqoqwa kwamanzi okugeleza kuyaba ngokweqile futhi kuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zezimpawu eziningana. Lokhu kufaka:

• Inzuzo yesisindo. Ukugcinwa kasawoti nokugcinwa kwamanzi kungabangela ukutholakala kwesisindo esiphuthumayo futhi esheshayo Yingakho odokotela bebuza abantu abanehluleka kwenhliziyo ukuqapha isisindo sabo nsuku zonke-ukuqoqwa okusheshayo kokunciphisa umzimba okweqile kungaba isibonakaliso esibalulekile sokuthi ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuphuma ekulawuleni nokuthi ukulungiswa kudingeke kwenziwe emithini noma ekudleni.

• I-Edema. I-Edema , noma ukuvuvukala, kuvame ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Uketshezi oluthe xaxa kuhloswe ukuba kudibanise emaphethelweni aphansi kanye ne-ankle noma umlenze wegundane uvame ukuhlangenwe nakho. Le-edema ingaba yabizwa futhi ingakhululekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama- ascites angenzeka kubantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo efanele . Ukubuthelwa kwamanzi emgodini wesisu futhi kungenakukhathazeka kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvame ukuhambisana nezinye izinkinga, kuhlanganise nokusebenza okungavamile kwesibindi nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kwamathumbu.

• Ukungqubuzana kwama-Lung. Ngokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ukuqoqwa kosawoti komzimba kanye noketshezi kukhiqiza izingcindezi ezikhudlwana emagumbini enhliziyo . Ukucindezela kwenhliziyo okuphakanyisiwe kubangela ezinye zalezi ziphuzo ngokweqile ukuqoqa emaphashini. Umphumela ukuhlanganiswa kwamaphaphu.
  
  Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphazamiseka kwamaphaphu kuvamile, uzovame ukuzwa igama elithi "congestive heart failure" elisetshenziselwa ukufana nokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamaphaphu kubangela ukucindezeleka okuphefumula okungaveza izimpawu eziningana ezihlukene, kuhlanganise:
  • Dyspnea ngokuzikhandla. I-Dyspnea , noma ukuphefumula, kuvame kakhulu kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo. Ngokuvamile, i-dyspnea ivame ukuvela ngokuzikhandla. Kumuntu onokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, kokubili umsebenzi wenhliziyo kanye nesimo sokuqoqwa kwamanzi kagesi kufaka ukuxhuma futhi kudlula isikhathi. Njengoba lezi zinguquko zenzeka, inani lokuzikhandla okudingekayo ukukhiqiza i-dyspnea lizohluka. Ngakho-ke, abantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo kufanele banake inani lemisebenzi abangayenza ngaphambi kokuba i-dyspnea ibonakale futhi babike ukwedlulela kwalesi simpawu odokotela babo.
    
    Ngokuphawulekayo, i-dyspnea ekusetshenzisweni ivame ukuhambisana noma, ngaphambi kokuqala, ukukhwehlela owomile-nokukhwehlela ngokuzikhandla kungase kube isibonakaliso sokuthi ukuminyana kwamaphaphu kuyaqhubeka.
  • I-Orthopnea. I-Orthopnea yi-dyspnea eyenzeka ngenkathi ilele phansi. Lesi sibonakaliso sivame ukucwilisa futhi siphume, ngokusho kokuqina kwenhliziyo. Ukunakekela imithwalo eminye ukuze ukwazi ukulala kuyisignali ye-classic ukuthi ukuxubana kwamaphaphu kungase kube kubi kakhulu.
  • I-Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (i-PND). I-PND i-dyspnea yinye isifo se-classic sokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Abantu abane-PND bavuka ngokuzumayo ebuthongweni obukhulu, bazizwa bephefumula kakhulu.
  • I-Bendopnea. I-Bendopnea yisimpawu esenzeka kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo esichazwe kuphela eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ibhekisela ku-dyspnea eyenzekayo lapho uguqa.
  • I-edema ye-pulmonary evamile . I -edema ye-pulmonary evamile ibangelwa ukuxubana kwamaphaphu okusheshayo, okusheshayo okukhiqiza i-dyspnea eqondile nokukhwehlela. I-edema ye-pulmonary is aphuthumayo kwezokwelapha. Kubantu abanenhliziyo engapheli, lesi senzakalo sivame ukubangelwa ukuguqulwa okungazelelwe esimweni senhliziyo, nakuba kungase kukhishwe nabanye abantu uma befaka usawoti owedlulele.

Izimpawu ezibangelwa uketshezi oketshezi kanye nokuphazamiseka kwamapayipi kungakhubaza kakhulu. Ngenhlanhla, odokotela ngokuvamile banamathuba amaningana okwelashwa okuphumelelayo ekulawuleni lezi zimpawu kahle.

Ukunciphisa I-Cardiac Pumping

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wenhliziyo ukupompa igazi kuzo zonke izitho zomzimba. Kubantu abanenhliziyo ehlulekayo, lesi senzo sokumisa ngokuvamile sinciphisa okungenani ngezinga elithile.

Ezimweni eziningi, izimpawu ezibangelwa ukuqhuma kwenhliziyo empofu (okubizwa nangokuthi kunciphile kwenhliziyo) zithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ekupheleni kwenhliziyo, lapho imisipha yenhliziyo iba buthakathaka kakhulu.

Izimpawu ezivelele kunazo zonke ezibangelwa lokhu okunciphisa amandla okumpompa yilokhu:

• Ububuthakathaka obukhulu nokukhathala
• Ubuthakathaka obunamahloni nobuhlungu besisu
• I-Lethargy nesimbhalo
• Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo ngokweqile

Ngokusobala, izimpawu ezifana nalezi azihambisani nokuphila okude. Ngaphandle kokuba umsebenzi wezinhliziyo ungathuthukiswa, noma ngaphandle kokuthi kusetshenziswe i- cardiac transplantation noma idivayisi yokusiza nge-ventricular , uma umuntu enesifo senhliziyo eqala lezi zinhlobo zezimpawu, ukufa kuvame ukulandela ngokushesha.

I-Cardiac Arrhythmias

Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo kuvame ukuhlobaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo , ikakhulukazi i-fibrillation ye-atrial , ama-PAC, nama- PVC . Lezi zi-arrhythmias ngokuvamile ziveza izimpawu, kufaka phakathi:

• Amapulpitations
• Iziqephu zesikhumba esiphansi
• I-syncope (ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda)

Ngaphezu kokubangela izimpawu, ama-arrhythmias ahlobene nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo angabangela izinkinga ezinkulu noma eziyingozi.

Izinkinga

Uma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kuba nzima, izinkinga eziningi ezinzima zingabangela. Okuvamile kulezi zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zamapulmonary. Abantu abanokukhubazeka kwenhliziyo abanomkhuhlane we-pulmonary okwesikhashana noma obunzima bangathuthukisa izinkinga zamaphaphu, ikakhulukazi i- pneumonia ne- pulmonary embolus . Ngenxa yokuthi ukuphefumula kwabo sekuvele kuphazamiseke ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokwayo, lezi zinkinga ze-pulmonary zingaba yingozi kakhulu kumuntu onokwehluleka kwenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaneziqephu eziphindaphindiwe ze-edema ye-pulmatic acute bangase bafinyelele iphuzu lapho isiqephu esiyingozi sibangela ukufa ngaphambi kokuba bathole ukunakekelwa kwezempilo.
• Isibungu. Ukushaywa yisisu kuvamile kubantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo, ngenxa yokuthi ukugeleza kwegazi kungaba "okuvilaphayo," futhi ngenxa yokuthi izingcezu zegazi ezitholakala enhliziyweni zingaya enkolweni futhi zibangele ukufa kwezicubu zobuchopho. Lezi zindwangu zegazi ezingapheli zivame ukukhula ngenxa ye-fibrillation ye-atrial, kodwa zingase zenzeke nje ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwegazi emakamelweni enhliziyo ahlanjululwe kakhulu.
• Ukuhluleka komzimba. Ukunciphisa umzimba ukunciphisa umzimba kungabamba izitho ezihlukahlukene zokunikezwa kwegazi okudingekayo, futhi ukungasebenzi komzimba kungenzeka. Ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwezinzwa ezivame ukubonakala kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo, ukwehluleka kwezinso kungenzeka, futhi ukukhubazeka okunomsoco okunzima kuvamile. Izinkinga ezinjalo, ngokusobala, zifaka isandla ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo, ukwehluleka, nokubuthakathaka okukhiqizwa ngokuba nomkhiqizo ophansi wenhliziyo.
• Ukufa okungazelelwe. Ukufa okungazelelwe kuyabonakala ngokuphazamiseka kubantu abanesifo senhliziyo. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubulawa okungazelelwe kubangelwa ama-arrhythmias enhliziyo (i- ventricular tachycardia noma i- ventricular fibrillation ) ngakho-ke ingakwazi ukuvimbela (isibonelo, ngokusebenzisa i- defibrillator engasetshenziswa ).
  
  Kodwa-ke, ukufa okungazelelwe kungahle kwenzeke kubantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo nje ngoba nje imisipha yenhliziyo ephazamisekile iyeka ukuphendula isignali kagesi senhliziyo-umcimbi odokotela ngokuvamile ababhekisela ngokuthi "ukuhlukaniswa kwe-electro-mechanical."

Noma iyiphi yalezi zinkinga ingabangela ukukhubazeka okungapheli isikhathi eside, noma ukufa, kumuntu ophila nenhliziyo ehlulekayo. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokunaka izinguquko ezimpawu zakho, uma unesifo senhliziyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wena nodokotela wakho uyaxwayiswa nganoma yiziphi izinguquko ezingenzeka esimweni sakho senhliziyo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu, futhi ephumelela kakhulu, ukuqinisa izimpawu zokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ekuqaleni kwesandulela ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubekele esimweni esinzima, okungenakwenzeka.

> Imithombo:

> Allen LA, Gheorghiade M, Reid KJ, et al. Ukuqaphela Iziguli Ukwehluleka Kwamabhilidi Nezinhliziyo Ngengozi Yekhwalithi Engavumelekile Yomuso Wesikhathi Esizayo. Imibala ye-Circ Cardiovasc Qual 2011; 4: 389.

> Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, Mcmurray JJ, et al. Ukubikezela Ukusinda Enhliziyweni Ukuhluleka Kwemvelo: Isilinganiso Sengozi Esisekelwe Ku-39 372 Iziguli Ezivela Ezifundweni ezingu-30. I-Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 1404.

> Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 Isiqondiso se-Accf / Aha Ukuphathwa Kwephutha Inhliziyo: Isifinyezo Esiphezulu: Umbiko We-American College Of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force On Iziqondiso Zokuzikhandla. Ukujikeleza 2013; 128: 1810.