I-virus ye-Hepatitis C (i-HCV) iyisifo esithathela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Lendlala ngokuxhumana nomuntu womuntu onegciwane noma amanzi omzimba. Izindlela ezivame kakhulu ukuthi ungathola ukutheleleka kwe-HCV ngukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezijova, ubulili obuvikelekile, inqubo yezokwelapha usebenzisa imishini engcolile, noma ngokulimala noma isilonda okukubonisa igazi eligciwane le-HCV.
Izimbangela ezivamile
I-HCV ingena emzimbeni futhi ikhiqize emzimbeni womuntu ophethe igciwane, ngokubhekelela ngqo isibindi. I-HCV ivame ukuvimbela amasosha omzimba, futhi ibangele izifo ngenxa yokuhlaselwa ngqo esibindi. Impendulo yesimiso somzimba yomzimba nayo ikhiqiza ukuvuvukala okulimazayo kwesibindi. Isibindi sinomthwalo wemisebenzi eminingi yomzimba, njenge-clotting yegazi, ukugaya, ukudlala ukudla kanye nesimetabolism, yingakho i-HCV inomthelela omkhulu emzimbeni.
Kunezici eziningana ezaziwa ngazo i-HCV ehlasela umzimba.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezijojowe
Ukuhlanganyela izinaliti, izilinganiso noma enye imishini yokufaka izidakamizwa kukubeka engozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-HCV. Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezingapheliyo kubhekene nokutheleleka okuningi kwe-HCV e-United States.
Inkambo ye-HCV yokugula ingase ihluke kulabo abathola ukutheleleka ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kunokuba abantu abathola ukutheleleka ngezinye izindlela.
Izizathu zalokhu azicacile, kepha abantu abavame ukuvezwa yigciwane ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa eziphindaphindiwe cishe banesifo sengculaza ngemuva kokuba baphathwe.
Ukuxhumana ngocansi
I-Hepatitis C ingasakazeka ngokuxhumana kocansi kodwa akenzeki njalo. Ngokungafani ne- virus ye - hepatitis B , eyaziwa ukuthi ikhona ku-semen kanye noketshezi lwamanzi angasese, i-HCV ayitholakali ngemali ebalulekile kulezi ziphuzo.
Ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-HCV ekuthintaneni kocansi inyuka uma unabalingani abaningi bezocansi, uxhumane ngqo negazi, unesifo socansi, noma unesandulela ngculazi.
Kunzima ukulinganisa inani labantu abathola isifo sofuba ngesinye isikhathi. Ucwaningo oluthile lwathola ukuthi abalingani besikhathi eside besikhathi eside somuntu ogciwane lesifo sohlobo lwe-hepatitis C betholwe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-4 esikhathi.
Kuye kwacwaningwa kubheka ukuthi amadoda angama-gay asengozini enkulu ye-HCV, kanti izifundo zibonisa ukuthi abantu bangase babe engozini enkulu yokuthola i-HCV ezimweni ezithile, njengezocansi ezingalondekile nomlingani othelelekile.
Ukuthunyelwa kweMama-Abantwana
Amaphesenti angama-4 kuphela ezinsana ezalwa ngamama abanesifo sofuba esibhedlela i-Hepatitis C zizosuselwa igciwane. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isakazwa ngokuqondile. Ingozi yokusabalala ngokuphindaphindiwe cishe kabili uma umama enesandulela ngculazi noma enomthamo wegciwane eliphakeme (inani eliphezulu legciwane emzimbeni wakhe) ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Isigaba C asibonakali ukwandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa, kodwa ukukhulelwa kwezikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi sokubeletha kuhlotshaniswa nengozi eyengeziwe yokwedluliselwa kwe-HCV enganeni nomntwana.
Cishe zonke izingane ezizalelwa omama abane-HCV zinama-antibodies wegciwane.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi ingane isulelekile. Ama-antibodies anama-proteine omzimba akhiqizwa ngumzimba ngokuphendula izifo ezibangelwa izifo ezinjenge-HCV, futhi lawa ma-proteine omzimba adluliselwa ezinganeni ezincane kumama wabo
Akukho bufakazi bokuthi ukubeletha kungakwandisa ingozi yokudluliselwa kwe-HCV kusuka kumama kuya kwengane. Eqinisweni, iCenter for the Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) kanye ne-American Congress of Obstetrics kanye neGynecologists (i-ACOG) ivumela ukondla omama abane-HCV.
Ukulimala kwe-Needlestick kuzilungiselelo zezempilo
Abahlengikazi, odokotela, nabo bonke abaqeqeshiwe bezempilo abavame ukusebenzisa izinaliti ngenkathi bethola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo basengcupheni yokulimala kwezingubo.
Eqinisweni, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukulimala okungaphezu kwezingu-600,000 kwenzeka ngonyaka, kanti abahlengikazi besengozini enkulu kakhulu. Ukulinganiselwa kwamaphesenti angu-2 okulimala kwesidingo lapho kutholakala khona ukutheleleka kugciwane kuyoholela ekubeni nesifo sofuba esiyingozi.
Ukuthuthwa kwegazi
Esikhathini esidlule, ukumpontshelwa igazi kwakuyindlela evamile i-HCV yasakazwa. Abantu ababene-hemophilia, i-thalassemia, noma esinye isifo esidinga ukumpontshelwa ngamaphesenti amaningi babesengozini enkulu yokuvezwa. Kodwa-ke, namuhla, ukutholakala kwe-HCV ngokumpontshelwa ngegazi kuyinto engavamile ngoba igazi elinikelwe lihlolwe ama-antibodies e-HCV kanye nezinto eziphathelene ne-HCV. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ithuba lakho lokuthola i-HCV kusuka ekumpompheni kwegazi lingamayelana nezigidi ezimbili.
Izinqubo zezokwelapha
Ezinye izinqubo zezokwelapha, ezifana nokuguqula izitho, zingakuveza njenge-As ngegazi, abaxhasi bomzimba bahlolelwa igciwane kanye ne-antibodies, okwenza ingozi ibe phansi kakhulu. Ukugonywa ngamaliti angcolile kungabonakalisa abantu ku-HVC. Lokhu akuvamile emazweni athuthukile ngoba izinaliti ezilahlayo zivame ukusetshenziswa.
Ukuthintana Komndeni
I-HCV ingase isakaze ngaphakathi kwendlu, kodwa lokhu akuvamile. Ukuhlala nomuntu onesi-HCV kuzonyusa kancane amathuba akho okuvezwa yigciwane. Ingozi yalolu hlobo lokusabalalisa ingancishiswa ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezithile zokuqapha. Isibonelo, njengoba ubuhlanga nezinyosi zamazinyo kungase kube umthombo wokuchayeka kwe-HCV, umqondo omuhle wokungahlanganyeli lezi zinto.
Ukusakazeka okungaziwa
Kukhona inani elincane labantu abane-HCV abangayazi ukuthi batholwe kanjani. Lolu hlobo lokusabalalisa luyaziwa njenge-sporadic, idiopathic, noma ukutholakala komphakathi. Ezinye izilinganiso zibonisa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-10 we -hepatitis acute namaphesenti angama-30 e-hepatitis engapheli avela ekuvezeni okungaziwa. Ochwepheshe abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlobo lokusabalalisa luvela ekuthintaneni nesilonda esingcolile, ukuxhumana okunobungozi obukhulu obunomuntu olele nge-HCV, noma ukuvezwa kwe-HCV enkambisweni yezokwelapha.
Ngenxa yokuthi abantu abaningi baye bahlakulela i-hepatitis C ngaphandle kokutholakala kunoma yiziphi izici eziyingozi, manje kunconywa ukuthi bonke abadala abazalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 bahlolwe.
Indlela yokuphila
Kunezici eziningana zokuphila ezingozini zokuphila ezingakwandisa amathuba akho okutheleleka nge-HCV. Lezi zindlela zokuphila zikhulisa amathuba akho okuhlangana negazi elingcolile.
- Ukudweba amathambo noma ukubhoboza umzimba: Amanye ama-tattoos afakwa ngokusebenzisa izinaliti ezingazange zihlanzwe kahle, ezingandisa ingozi ye-HCV.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezijojelwe: Ukujova noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezidakamizwa esikhumbeni, imithanjeni (IV) noma imisipha ingandisa amathuba okuthola i-HCV uma wabelana ngezinaliti.
- Umsebenzi wobulili ongavikelekile: Umsebenzi wobulili ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amakhondomu noma uma umsebenzi wezocansi uhilela ukuthintana negazi, kukhona ingozi eyengeziwe ye-HCV.
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa: Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa noma ukuhlukana ngokocansi okuhlobene nokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa kungandisa ingozi yesondo. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kuhlukile engozini yokutheleleka ngokusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa.
- Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo: Abasebenzi bokunakekelwa kwezempilo bangenwa igciwane, ikakhulukazi uma benakekela iziguli ezimweni ezingahlanzekile.
- Izinqubo Zezokwelapha Nezicathulo: Izinqubo ezenziwa endaweni engavumelekile zingandisa amathuba okutheleleka ngemishini engcolile.
- Ukuxhumana okungajwayelekile: Akukho bufakazi bokuthi ukuxhumana okungahambi kahle, ngokuvamile, kusakazeka isifo sofuba. Ukuxhumana okungaxhunyiwe kuhlanganisa ukukwenyuka, ukuklolodela, ukugcoba, ukukhwehlela, ukwabelana ukudla noma amanzi, ukwabelana ngezinto zokudla noma iziphuzo zokuphuza.
Heath Risks
Akukho ukujwayela kofuzo lokuthola i-HCV noma yokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka kakhudlwana. Isici sezempilo kuphela esihlobene ne-HCV yisimiso se-immune system, okwenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukulwa nesifo. Ukutholakala kokuzivikela komzimba okuvame ukuphawula ngeHCV kungukutheleleka nge-HIV.
- Ukutheleleka nge-HIV: I-HIV, njenge-HCV ingatholakala ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezijojelwe ngamasiliti angcolisiwe nangokuxhumana kocansi. Ukuntuleka kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kungenza kube nzima ngomzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka kwe-HCV. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungadinga imithi yokuvimbela i-antiviral yokutheleleka ngalunye, okungenza izinqumo zokwelapha zibe nzima nakakhulu uma usulelekile.
> Imithombo:
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> Lonardo A, Adinolfi LE, Restivo L, et al. I-Pathogenesis nokubaluleka kwe-virus ye-hepatitis C steatosis: ukubuyekezwa kwindlela yokuphila ye-pathogen ephumelelayo. I-World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jun 21; 20 (23): 7089-103. doi: 10.3748 / wjg.v20.i23.7089.
> Terrault NA, Dodge JL, Murphy EL, et al. Ukudluliswa ngokocansi kwegciwane lesifo se-hepatitis C phakathi kwamabhangqwana abesilisa nabesifazane abesilisa nabesifazane: ukuhlolwa kwe-HCVpartners. I-Hepatology. 2013 Mar; 57 (3): 881-9. i-doi: 10.1002 / hep.26164. I-Epub 2013 Feb 7.