I- antibody , eyaziwa nangokuthi i-immunoglobin, i-protein efana no-Y eyayihlanganiswa yizinhlobo ezithile zamangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe ezikwazi ukubona izifo (ama-infective agents) njengezigciwane nama-bacterium. Izeluleko ezimbili ze- "Y" ziyakwazi ukufaka i-cell noma i-cell cell egciniwe egazini eliyingqayizivele elibizwa ngokuthi i- antigen (eyaziwa nangokuthi i-antibody generator).
Ngokwenza kanjalo, i-antibody iphumelela kahle impawu ye-pathogen ye-neutralization, noma ngokuyibulala noma ukuyivimbela ukungena esitokisini enempilo, noma ngokusayina amanye amaprotheni ahambisanayo ukuzungezile futhi idle umbhuli enkampeni ebizwa nge-phagocytosis [e-Ancient Greek " ukuze udle "(phagein) kanye" neseli "(kytos)].
Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ngamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi okuthiwa i-B-lymphocytes, noma ama-B-cells. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kokubeletha (ngaphambi kokubeletha) kanye nezinyathelo zokubeletha ezinganeni (ezisanda kuzalwa), ama-antibodies adluliselwa kusuka kumama kuya ensaneni ngokusebenzisa inqubo ebizwa ngokuthi igciwane lokugoma. Ukusuka lapho, ingane izoqala ukuzimela ngokuzimela, i-antigen, noma iyingxenye yomzimba womzimba womzimba (i-immunity immune).
Abantu bayakwazi ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyishumi zamagciwane, ngamunye evikela uhlobo oluthile lwe-antigen. Indawo yokubopha e-antigen ebizwa ngokuthi i-paratope itholakala kumacebiso we "Y" futhi ikhiye isayithi elihlanganisiwe kwi-antigen ebizwa nge-epitope.
Ukuhlukahluka okukhulu kwe-paratope kuvumela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sikwazi ukubona izinhlobo eziningi zama-antigen.
I-HIV Antibodies namaAntigens
Lapho kutholakala isandulela ngculazi, amasosha omzimba we-HIV ayenziwa ngokuphendula ama-antigens kungakapheli isonto noma kokubili ukuvezwa. Ama-antibodies akhiqizwa ekuphenduleni ama-antigens e-viral ahlukene: i-p24 antigen, ngokuvamile eyokuqala ukuvela; kanye ne-gp120 ne-gp41 antigen, ezitholakala kokubili ebusweni begciwane.
Uma usulelekile, ama-antibodies aqhubeka nokuphila futhi anikeze ukuhloswa kwendabuko yokuhlolwa kwe- anti-antibody (kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa okutholakala emakethe ). Izivivinyo zokuhlanganiswa ezine-generation manje ziyakwazi ukuthola kokubili amasosha omzimba we-HIV kanye ne-p24 antigen, ukuhlinzeka ngokuphuthumayo, isiqiniseko esinembile ngesimo se-HIV somuntu.
Imithombo:
Janeway, C .; Amathrekhi, i-P .; I-Walport, M .; noShlomchik, M. Immunobiology, Edition 5 - Umzimba Wokuzivikela Emzimbeni nasezifo. 2001; I-Garland Science; I-New York City; I-ISBN-10: 0-8153-3642-X.
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "NgoJuni 18, 2010, incwadi yokuvuma - i-ARCHITECT i-HIV Ag / Ab Combo." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ikhishwe ngoDisemba 22, 2009.
I-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "I-FDA ivumela ukuhlolwa kokuthoma kokuthoma kokuthoma ukuthola i-HIV-1 antigen ne-HIV-1/2 antibodies." I-Silver Spring, e-Maryland; ukukhishwa kwezindaba okukhishwe ngo-Agasti 8, 2013.