Izimpawu nezimpawu zokutheleleka kwegciwane le- hepatitis C (HCV) ziyahlukahluka ngesisekelo sokutheleleka. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa ukukhathala, i-jaundice, (umbala ophuzi wesikhumba namehlo), umkhuhlane kanye nesiphithiphithi . Ezigabeni ezithuthukile zokutheleleka, ukuhluleka kwesibindi kungabangela izinkinga zokuphuma kwegazi noma ukuphazamiseka okukhulu (ukudideka okukhulu). Ngezinye izikhathi umdlavuza wesibindi ungase uthuthuke, ngokuvamile ubonakale njengokubukeka okungondlekile.
Izigaba Zokugula
Umthelela weHCV emzimbeni uguquka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi emva kokutheleleka kokuqala. Lokhu kubangelwe ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwegciwane, okungaba khona ngaphakathi komzimba, okwenza amakhophi amaningi ngokwayo. Ukuthuthukiswa nakho kuhlobene nomphumela wokukhula wegciwane esibindi.
Izigaba zokutheleleka kwe-HCV:
- Isikhathi sokuvuselela: Phakathi nalesi sigaba, ngabe usulele igciwane, kodwa cishe ngeke ube nezimpawu. Uma unayo izimpawu, zingase zibandakanye umkhuhlane, ukukhathala, noma ukucasuka kwesisu. Abantu abangaba ngu-1 kwabangu-5 balwe ngempumelelo ngempumelelo kuleli gciwane, musa ukugula nge-HCV ukutheleleka, futhi empeleni bavikeleke igciwane.
- I-Hepatitis enamandla: Cishe ezinyangeni ezingu-2-12 emva kokuba igciwane lihlasela umzimba, i-HCV ingabangela ukugula okuncane kuya kokulinganisela. Izimpawu zokutheleleka okunzima zibonakala emaphesenti angaba ngu-15 ukuya kwangu-20 abantu abaye bahlushwa igciwane, ngokuvamile bafana nokubhebhetheka embukisweni ngaphandle kokufakaza okuncane kokulimala kwesibindi.
- I-Hepatitis Engapheli: Ingaphezu kwengxenye yalabo abanesifo se-HCV iba nesifo sofuba esingapheli, ikakhulukazi uma ukutheleleka kushiywe kungalashwa. Ukutheleleka okungapheli kwenzeka lapho igciwane le- hepatitis C (i-HCV) lingacacisi ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi lihlala emzimbeni. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izimpawu zokugula okungenasifo emva kweminyaka esesandulela igciwane, ngaphandle kokuthola isifo sofuba esiyingozi.
- Ukuphela kwesiteleka Isifo se-Hepatitis: Isimo esiyinkimbinkimbi yesifo sibonisa ukuhluleka kwesibindi kanye nezinkinga ezinzima ezingabandakanya ukwehluleka kwezinso nomdlavuza wesibindi.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Izimpawu zokuhluleka kwesibindi zifaka izimpawu ezijwayelekile zomkhuhlane, kanye nezibonakaliso ezicacile zokubandakanya kwesibindi ngoba igciwane libhekela isibindi. Izimpawu ezivamile ezenzeka kuzo zonke izigameko eziyingozi futhi ezingapheli zokutheleleka kwe-HCV ngokuvamile zihlala isikhathi eside futhi ziba nzima nakakhulu ngesikhathi sesiguli esithathelwanayo sesifo.
Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-HCV zihlanganisa izimpawu ezingacacile ku-hepatitis futhi zenzeka ngezifo eziningi. Lezi zimpawu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomsebenzi womzimba womzimba njengoba ulwa negciwane. Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ze-HCV enesifo esibucayi zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhathala
- Fever
- I-Jaundice
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ukwehla kwesidlo
- Ubuhlungu besisu
- Uhudo
- Ubuhlungu obuhlangene
- I-Muscle Pain
Ezinye zezimpawu ze-HCV yesiguli futhi ezingapheli zifana nezibonakaliso zesifo sobindi.
- Ukuqhaqhaza nokugqwala: Isibindi sidlala indima ekwenzeni amaprotheni ayasiza ekuguleni igazi, okuyingxenye yokuphulukiswa kokulimala. Ukweqa nokulimaza kungaba izibonakaliso zokukhubazeka kwesibindi, okubangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwegciwane esibindi, kanye nokuphendula komzimba kwesibindi.
- Umchamo omnyama: Ukwakhiwa kwe-bilirubin, okhiqizwa lapho isibindi sisulelekile noma singakhubazekile, kungabangela i- jaundice, kanye nombala omnyama we-urine (choluria), nama-pale noma ama-chalky.
- Izihlalo ze-Pale noma ze-chalky
E-hepatitis enzima, lezi zibonakaliso zivame ukuzixazulula zodwa, nakuba amacala amakhulu kakhulu afaka i-jaundice ne-choluria angathatha inyanga noma ngaphezulu. E-hepatitis engapheli, lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile ziphikelela kakhulu kunezifo ezibangelwa ukushisa kwesibindi.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Izimpawu eziningana ezingavamile zokutheleleka kwe-HCV zingenzeka ngezigaba ezinzima noma ezingapheliyo. Eziningi zalezi zimpawu zibangelwa ukukhubazeka kwesibindi noma ukusabela komzimba komzimba.
- Ukulahlekelwa Isisindo: Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yemiphumela eminingi yokutheleleka kwe-HCV. Ukudabuka, ukuhlanza nokukhathala kunganciphisa ukudla kwakho, okwenza unciphise inani lokudla ofuna ukulidla. Futhi, njengoba isibindi singakhubeki, singase singakhiqiza amaprotheni amaningi namafutha abalulekile akusiza ukugaya futhi ubambe ukudla okudlayo, okuholela ekuhudozweni futhi ngokuyisisekelo, ukungondleki ngisho nalapho udla.
- Ukulinganisa okungavamile noma izinzwa ezivuthayo
- "Izikhonkwane nezinaliti" ezingakhululekile
- Isikhumba esinamahloni
- Izindawo ezikhuphukile zokukhuphuka
- Amehlo anomile ahambisana nomlomo owomile
- Izifo ze-Rheumatic: Izihlungu nezinhlungu zomzimba ezihlangene zingaqala ngaphambi kokuthi wazi ukuthi uye wadluliselwa ku-HCV, futhi kungenzeka futhi kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokutheleleka. Izinhlungu ezihlangene nezisisu ngenxa yokuthi isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sishukumiswa ngokuqhubekayo ukulwa negciwane.
- I-Vasculitis (ukuvuvukala kwemithambo yegazi) ingabonakali futhi ingabangela ububanzi bemiphumela, kuhlanganise nobuhlungu, ama-clots wegazi, ngisho nokushaya noma ukuhlasela kwenhliziyo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.
- I-Cryoglobulinemia: I-Cryoglobulins yizinhlelo zamaprotheni ngaphakathi kwegazi ezithola ziqiniswe uma zibhekene namazinga okushisa abandayo, ezibangela izinkinga ngokusabalalisa.
Izinkinga
Isigaba esingapheli se-hepatitis C singaphikelela amashumi eminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kancane kwamathambo ama- steatosis (amafutha angapheliyo) kanye ne-fibrosis (ukuqhuma kwezicubu eziqhubekayo) kungabangela ukulimala kwesibindi. Zombili lezi zimo zivame ukuthuthuka ngokuthula, nabantu abangamaphesenti angama-60 kuya kwangu-80 abantu abanokuncane noma abangekho izibonakaliso zokugula.
Isifo sesibindi sokuphela kwesibindi sisho iphuzu lapho isibindi sonakaliswe khona kakhulu futhi asikwazi ukusebenza. Izimpawu zivame ukubonakala kakhulu kule nkathi, ngokuvamile ziphazamisa izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba, kuhlanganise nobuchopho, izinso, kanye nomgogodla wokugaya.
I-cirrhosis: Phakathi kwabantu abanesifo sokuguga kwesifo se-hepatitis C esingapheli, amaphesenti angu-10 kuya ku-15 azoqhubeka nesimo esingenakuguquka esibizwa ngokuthi i- cirrhosis , lapho umonakalo obangelwa i-fibrosis inkulu kangangokuthi igazi liphuma futhi liphuma esibindi. I-cirrhosis ihlelwa yizinga lokukhubazeka futhi lihlukaniswe ngokuthi:
- I-cirrhosis ehlawulisiwe
- I-cirrhosis ehlukumeziwe
I-cirrhosis ekhokhelwa isho ukuthi isibindi sisebenza kahle futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, singabangela izimpawu ezincane. Uma sikhona, izimpawu zingabandakanya izinkinga ezibandakanya isikhumba, imisipha, namalungu njengendlela yokuphazamiseka kwegazi okubangelwa ukwanda komfutho wegazi okwakhiwe, owaziwa ngokuthi i- portal hypertension kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-bile nezinye izinhlayiya.
Phakathi kwezibonakaliso ezikhona ze-cirrhosis ezikhokhelwa:
- Izinambuzane ze-spider, ikakhulukazi esihlalweni nasesibusweni
- Isikhumba esinamahloni
- Ukubomvu ezintendeni zezandla
- Ukuphuza kalula noma ukuphuma okungavamile
- Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi oketshezi ezinyaweni nasezinyaweni
- Ukuhlushwa okuncane nokukhumbula
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo
- Amakhomikhali ahlayo
- Ukuhlukumeza kwe-Erectile noma ukulahlekelwa kwe-libido
- Ukungahambisani nokuphuza utshwala
Izinkinga zokuphela kwesigaba sokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis C zihlanganisa:
- I-cirrhosis ehlukumeziwe
- I-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Isifo sokuqeda isiteleka sokuphela (ESRD)
I-cirrhosis ehlukumezekile yisimo esibi lapho ukukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwesibindi kushiye khona kakhulu futhi kungakwazi ukusebenza. Izimpawu zivame ukuqhuma futhi zithuthuke futhi zingabonisa ngezindlela eziningi, kubandakanya:
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
- I-Jaundice
- Izitebe zokulinda noma zamanzi
- Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi oketshezi emgodini wesisu, okwenza ukuvuvukala nokugqunywa
- A "sweet-musty" ehlukile "eqanda elibolile" iphunga lokuphefumula
- Ukulimaza ngokweqile noma ukuphuma
- Ukukhishwa komchamo ngokungavamile
- Ukushintsha komuntu, ukudideka, noma ukuthuthumela
- Ukulala ngokwanele
- Ukuhlukumeza ama-muscle
- Ukuguqulwa okumhlophe noma "izindawo zobisi" ezipikili
- Ukuvuthwa kwegazi
- Amagciwane we-esophageal-anwetshiwe wegazi okwandiswa yi-esophagus angase aphuze
I-hepatocellular carcinoma (i-HCC) uhlobo lomdlavuza wesibindi olusondela kuphela ngokubambisana ne-cirrhosis kubantu abane-hepatitis C. Izimpawu ze-HCC zifana nalezo ze-cirrhosis ezithintekayo futhi zingabandakanya:
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
- I-Jaundice
- Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi kagesi emgodini wesisu
- Ukulimaza okungavamile nokuphuma kwegazi
- Unintentional, ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokweqile
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- Uzwa ugcwele ngemva kokudla imali encane
- I-Delirium, ukudideka, noma ukunyakaza kwe-muscle "okugubha"
- Ukukhathazeka kwesisu, ikakhulukazi kwesigcawu esingezansi esingezansi noma ngaphansi kwezimbambo
Isifo se-endal-renal (ESRD) sokuphela kwesigaba sokuphela, okungukuthi ukuhluleka kwezinso eziphambili, kungabangela kokubili futhi kube nzima ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis C. Izimpawu ze-ESRD zihluka futhi zihlanganisa:
- Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo
- Ubuhlungu besisu esiswini
- Ukukhishwa komchamo ngokungavamile
- Ayikwazi ukuvota
- I-urine breath odor
- Ukuthungathwa kwesikhumba esinezigaxa noma ezingalingani
- Ukuhlukumeza ama-muscle
- Ukuvuvukala kwemilenze nezinyawo, noma eduze kwamehlo
- I-nausea noma ukuhlanza, ikakhulu ekuseni nangemva kokudla
- Ukulala ngokwanele
- Ukuphindaphinda okuphindaphindiwe kwemilenze
- Ukuphefumula noma ukuphefumula ukuphefumula
- Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo, ukudideka
Imiphumela yesifo sesibindi sokuphela kwesibindi ngokuvamile ayimpofu, ngenani leminyaka emihlanu yokusinda kwamaphesenti angu-50 kubantu abane-cirrhosis ephindwe ngamaphesenti angu-30 kulabo abane-HCC.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-HCV angeke zenzeke ezinkathini zokuqala, futhi ngenxa yokuthi azihlali ziphazamisa njalo, ngisho nasezigabeni ezinzima futhi ezingapheli, kungase kudingeke ubone udokotela ngisho noma ungenayo izimpawu ezisobala zokutheleleka.
Kumele ubone udokotela wakho uma usuvele uthola igciwane, kungekudala noma ngasiphi isikhathi esikhathini esidlule. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yikuphi kwalokhu okulandelayo, kungenzeka ukuthi uboniswe ku-HCV:
- Uma uye ocansini olungavimbelwe nomuntu onakho noma ongenawo i-HCV
- Uma wabelane ngezinaliti kunoma ubani
- Uma ngabe unesike noma isikhala esikhumbeni sakho kusuka enaleni, ingilazi noma enye into eyayingenayo noma eyayingcoliswa ngegazi le-HCV
Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu zokuhluleka kwesibindi noma ukutheleleka okukhulu, kufanele futhi ubone udokotela wakho, njengoba imbangela ingaba i-HCV noma esinye isimo esibucayi esidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Izinkomba nezimpawu okufanele uzibheke zihlanganisa:
- Imifudu eqhubekayo
- I-Jaundice
- Shintsha umbala womchamo wakho
- I-nausea, ukuhlanza noma uhudo oludlulele noma oluhlala isikhathi eside kunesonto
- Ukukhathala okungachazeki kuhlala isikhathi eside kunesonto
- Ukuvuvukala kwesisu sakho
> Imithombo:
> Axley P, Ahmed Z, uRavi S, Singal AK. I-Virus ye-Hepatitis C ne-Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Ukubukeza Okulandelanayo. J Clin Transliter Hepatol. 2018 Mar 28; 6 (1): 79-84. i-doi: 10.14218 / JCTH.2017.00067. Epub 2017 Dec 17.
> Bazerbachi F, Leise MD, Watt KD, Murad MH, Prokop LJ, Haffar S. Ukubuyekezwa kwesistimu ye-cryoglobulinemia ehlanganiswe ne-virus ye-hepatitis E: ukuhlangana noma ukucabangela? I-Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf). 2017 Aug; 5 (3): 178-184. doi: 10.1093 / gastro / gox021. Epub 2017 Meyi 19.
> Bush H, Golabi P, Otgonsuren M, Rafiq N, Venkatesan C, Younossi ZM. I-Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ifakazela ekukhuleni kwezigameko zezifo zesibindi eminyangweni ye-US Emergency. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018 Mar. 30 inikela: 10.1097 / MCG.0000000000001026. [I-Epub ngaphambi kokuphrinta]