Ikholera ibangelwa yi-bacterium Vibrio cholerae , i-microbe encane engakwazi ukuthelela amathumbu. Izibonakaliso ezingokomzimba zekholera azibangelwa yi-bacterium ngokwayo, kodwa kunalokho i-toxin iveza uma isemzimbeni. Leyo toxin iphazamisa indlela amangqamuzana abambelela ngayo futhi asebenze uketshezi kanye nama-electrolytes, ebaphoqelela ukuba bahambe ngendlela eyodwa: ngaphandle.
Yilokho okwenza umzimba uchithe isifo sohudo, uphawu oluvame kakhulu lwekholera. I-Vibrio cholerae inomthelela omkhulu futhi ingumphumela wokudla okungcolile, amanzi futhi, kwezinye izimo, imvelo.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Ukuze ikholera isakaze emphakathini, kufanele isetshenziswe kulowo mphakathi kuqala-kungaba ngokwemvelo ngezemvelo noma, ngokuvamile, ngoba othile osulelekile usilethe khona.
Ukudla Namanzi Okungcolile
I-cholera ivame ukusabalalisa ngomzila we-"fecal-oral" -kuthi, ngokudla ukudla noma amanzi okuphuza aphikisiwe ngendaba yefecal equkethe amabhaktheriya.
Ama-bacteria agxuma ukuphuma emzimbeni ngaphakathi kwendwangu yomuntu noma isifo sohudo, ngakho-ke uma umuntu osuleleke egumbini lokugezela bese engawagezi izandla ngaphambi kokuthinta ukudla noma ehlangana nomthombo wamanzi, angasakazeka kwabanye abantu.
Ukusongelwa kwemithombo noma eminye imithombo yamanzi okuphuza ehlambulukile kakhulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezingathuthuki ngaphandle kwengqalasizinda endaweni yokuhlunga nokuhlanza amanzi.
Ngenxa yokuthi i- Vibrio cholerae isifo esithathelwanayo futhi abantu abaningi abanalo izimpawu, ibhethri ingasakazeka kabanzi kuze kube yilapho izikhulu zezempilo zixwayiswa ukugqashuka.
Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho ezinye izifo zesifo sohudo zingase zijwayelekile, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ikholera ithunyelwe.
Ngokufanayo, kusekhona abantu abaningi emhlabeni ngaphandle kokuthola izinsizakalo zokuthuthwa kwendle njengamathoyilethi noma izindlu zangaphandle. Kulezi zimo, uma abantu abathintekayo behlaselwa endaweni evulekile, amabhaktheriya angangena emithonjeni yamanzi avulekile.
Ukupheka kokudla okungaphephile kungenye imbangela enkulu yokukhathazeka. Ngisho emazweni athuthukile anomswakama onomsindo, amabhaktheriya angangena ekudleni ngezandla ezingcolile noma ngamanzi angcolile, nakuba ukuqhuma kwamanye amazwe kuvelele kakhulu. Noma ubani odla ukudla okungcolile angagula noma-okungenani-asakaze amabhaktheriya kubantu abengeziwe.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ungakwazi ukuchitha ama-bacteria emfantwini wakho ngisho noma ungenayo izimpawu- ukumelela abantu abanegciwane kungasakaza lesi sifo ngaphandle kokwazi. Lokhu kungadlulela kunoma yikuphi kusukela ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya emavikini amabili, kuye ngokuthi kunjalo.
Imithombo Yemvelo
Ngokungeziwe emithonjeni yamanzi okuphuza nokudla okungcolile, amabhaktheriya abangela ikholera futhi angaphila emanzini asogwini, ikakhulukazi ezungeze i-equator nasezindaweni ezishisayo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-shellfish ingathatha amabhaktheriya avela endaweni yawo.
Lezi zifo zivame ukubulawa ngenkathi yokupheka, kodwa uma udla i-shellfish engcolisiwe noma ingazange iphekwe kahle, ungangenwa ngaleyondlela, futhi.
Nokho, ukuqubuka kwama-cholera amaningi, kubangelwa ukungcola okungcolile.
Izakhiwo zezempilo
Ngezinye izikhathi, abasebenzi bezempilo abaphatha iziguli zekholera bangakwazi ukuxhumana nama-bacterium, ikakhulukazi lapho besingatha amasampuli esitokisini noma abanye othintana nabo. Lokhu, Nokho, akuyona into evamile yomthombo weziqhumane njengokudla okungcolile noma amanzi.
Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka okuhlanzekile, ukungcola nokuhlanza amanzi okuhlanzekile kunokwanele ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwekholera.
Izingozi Zezingozi
Izinto ezithile zenza ube lula ukuthola ikholera, kufaka phakathi lapho ukhona nokuthi yikuphi ukufinyelela okudingeka ube khona kumanzi aphephile nokuhlanzeka.
Ukuphila noma Ukuvakashela Indawo Ewumkhawulo
Awukwazi ukuthola ikholera uma ama-bacteria engekho, ngakho-ke esinye sezici eziyingozi kakhulu zokuthola lesi sifo sivakashela indawo lapho kuvamile khona. Amazwe lapho amabhaktheriya ajikeleza khona njalo ayaziwa ngokuthi "amazwe aphelile", futhi izivakashi kanye nezakhamuzi zalezi zindawo kufanele ziqaphele ukugcina izandla, ukuphuza amanzi nokudla kuhlanzekile.
Kule ndawo, ikholera ingaba yonyaka-kufana nomkhuhlane-noma okuncane, lapho iziqhumane zikhula khona ezindaweni ezahlukene kulo nyaka. Ngaphambi kokuthatha uhambo oluya phesheya, kubalulekile ukuhlola ama-Centers for website ye-Control and Prevention website ukuze ubone ukuthi izwe elivakashelayo yini le-cholera isifo sezifo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda, noma kunjalo, ukuthi izindawo lapho lesi sifo asikhona khona kungase kube nokuqhamuka-nakuba ngokuvamile kuvamile futhi kungavamile.
Izimo Ezimbi Ezemvelo
Ngenxa yokuthi ukwelashwa ngokuyinhloko kusabalala ngokudla namanzi okungcolile, ukungabi nalutho kwamanzi aphephile nokuhlanzeka, kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza efanele, kungandisa amathuba okuqhuma uma kwenzeka umuntu olwa nekhamera engena endaweni. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni noma ezindaweni lapho amaqembu amakhulu abantu ahlala khona, adla, futhi asebenza eduze komunye nomunye.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. Ikholera - Ukutheleleka kwe-Vibrio cholerae: Ukugula kanye nezimpawu.
> UNICEF. I-toolkit ye-Cholera . 2013.
> Wong K, Burdette E, Mintz E. Izifo ezithathelwanayo ezihlobene nokuhamba.
> I-World Health Organization. Ikholera: Ishidi langempela.