I-Mononucleosis (mono) ivame ukubangelwa igciwane le- Epstein-Barr (EBV) , nakuba izifo ezifana nezifo zikhiqizwa ezinye amagciwane nezilwane. I-Mono isakazwa kakhulu ngamathe, yingakho ibizwa ngokuthi "isifo sokubanga." Omunye onama-mono amaningi uthathwa njengesandulela ngculazi izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ngabantu abadala, abantu abaningi baye bahlaselwa yi-EBV kodwa kungenzeka babe nezimpawu ezincane kunokuba i-mononucleosis.
Izimbangela ezivamile
Ukwelashwa yi-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) noma, ngokuvamile, i- cytomegalovirus (CMV) , kubangela i-mononucleosis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amagciwane amaningi kanye ne- Toxoplasma gondii ye- parasite kubangelwa izifo ezinempawu ezifanayo ezingase zitholwe njenge-mononucleosis.
Indlela i-Mono Spreads ngayo
I-EBV ivame ukusabalala ngamathe. Vala ukuthintana nemisebenzi efana nokwabelana ngekomishi, utshani noma ukudla okudlayo kungasakaza i-EBV. Kungasakazeka nezinye iziphuzo zomzimba ezihlanganisa umqubu, igazi, isisu, kanye namanzi asemzimbeni. Ukusakazwa kuvame ukuvela kumuntu ochitha igciwane kodwa akanayo izimpawu zalo.
Izimpawu zivame ukwakhiwa amasonto amane kuya kweyisithupha emva kokuba uthola igciwane, okwenza kube nzima ukubona ukuthi uthola kanjani ukutheleleka.
Ukuqhathaniswa namaqembu e-Age
Cishe ingxenye yengxenye yazo zonke izingane zithathelelekile nge-EBV ngaphambi kweminyaka engu-5, ngokuvamile engenazo izimpawu noma ukugula okuncane. Amaphesenti angama-95 abantu abadala ase-United States atheleleke nge-EBV.
Ukwelapha ngokuvamile kubangela izimpawu kanye nokugula kwabasakhulayo kanye nabantu abadala. Uma ungumusha osemusha otheleleke ngegciwane ngaphandle kokuba enesisemncane, ungase uhlakulele ukugula kwe-mononucleosis cishe ngamaphesenti angu-25 wesikhathi.
Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engama-1 ubudala azijwayele ukuthola mono ngoba zithola ama-antibodies ezivela kumama wazo ezibavikela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa zokuphila.
Umama one-EBV esebenzayo noma esebenzayo noma esebenzayo angadlulisela igciwane kumntanakhe, kepha lokhu ngokuvamile akubangi izimpawu noma ukugula kwengane.
Isikhathi esithintekayo nokuphindaphindiwe
Abacwaningi abaqiniseki ngokuphelele ukuthi umuntu omude onomsoco omude uzohlala isikhathi eside kangakanani. Nakuba abaningi bazokunikeza isibonakaliso "sonke esicacile" ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha, izifundo eziningi zibonise ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokutheleleka isikhathi eside ezinyangeni ezingu-18. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi igciwane le-EBV lingase lisebenze ngisho noma ungenayo izimpawu.
Uma usulelekile nge-EBV, wenza ama-antibodies okuzokuvimbela ukuba ungakutholi okwesibili. Lokho kusho ukuthi luhlobo lwe-herpesvirus futhi, njengabanye kulowo mndeni, alusoze lwashiya umzimba wakho. Ngemuva kokutheleleka kokuqala sekuxazululwe ngokugcwele, igciwane lizofika e-dormancy futhi lizohlala lihlala esimweni esingenabugebengu.
Uma izimpendulo zakho ze-immune zingasebenzi esikhathini esizayo, noma kunjalo, kukhona ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi igciwane liphinde lisakaze futhi lisakaze kwabanye futhi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ungase uzizwe ukhathele noma unesifiso sokuvuvukala, kodwa ungaqapheli ukuthi usulelekile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngeke kube khona izimpawu. Uma igciwane lichitha ngokugcwele emathangeni nakwezinye izikhukhula zomzimba, ungathumela abanye i-EBV.
Izindlela Zengozi Yokuphila
Abantu abadala abakwazi ukuthi bangenwe yi-EBV noma bangenayo ingane noma cha. Kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uvikelekile kumzimba noma ungabe usengozini yokuwubamba. Ayikho imishanguzo kanye nezikrini ze-antibody ezingenziwa.
Kunzima ukuvimbela i-mono ukusakazeka, kodwa ungathatha kahle uma wena noma omunye umuntu unomono (noma ululame kuwo). Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuxazulula izimpawu ze-mono akusho ukuthi omunye umuntu otheleleke kancane. Ngenxa yalokhu, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha, kufaka phakathi:
- Gwema ukumanga
- Gwema izitsha ezabelwana ngazo
- Gwema iziphuzo ezabelwane noma iziphuzo zokuphuza
- Ukumboza noma yikuphi ukukhwehlela noma ukugcoba
- Ukugeza izandla zakho kaningi
Omunye onomama akacekwa ukuba ahlale ekhaya esikoleni noma asebenze ngenxa yokuthi uyasakazeka. Kunalokho, isikhathi sinconywa ngenxa yezimpawu ababhekana nazo.
Nakuba ukulala ngomlomo akubhekwa njengendlela yokudlulisela i-mono yokudlulisela phambili, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi amazinga aphezulu we-mono abonakala ezintsha ezithandana nabo ngokobulili. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wezocansi ungadinga ukuvinjelwa ngezigaba ezisebenzayo zokutheleleka njengendlela yokuqapha okungeziwe. Izithiyo zokuzivikela ezinjengamakhondomu kanye namadamu wamazinyo angasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa i-EBV, futhi iyasiza ekuvikeleni izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi nokukhulelwa.
> Imithombo:
> Eligio P, Delia R, uVereria G. EBV Izifo Zesiguli. I-Mediterranean Journal ye-Hematology nezifo ezithathelwanayo . 2010; 2 (1): e2010022. doi: 10.4084 / MJHID.2010.022.
> I-Epstein-Barr Virus ne-Infectious Mononucleosis. Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo. https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-mono.html.
> Thompson AE. I-Mononucleosis ephathekayo. I-JAMA. 2015; 313 (11): 1180. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2015.159