Yize kungenzeka ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-60 e-United States banesifo sengculaza, i- Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), iningi labo alibonisi izimpawu ngenxa yamasosha omzimba aphilile avumela ukuthi ama-parasite asebenze. I-Toxoplasmosis, isifo esibangelwa i-parasite, isakazwa kubantu ngokusebenzisa imfucumfucu yamakati futhi ingaholela ezindabeni zezempilo ezingathí sina ezinganeni ezingakazalwa kanye nalabo abanamasosha omzimba ahlaselekile.
Ngenxa yalokhu, abesifazane abakhulelwe kanye nabantu abane-immunosuppression kudingeka bahlale ebhokisini lika- litter babo futhi baqaphe ngokulungiselela ukudla nokuphatha.
Izimpawu
Kubantu abaningi abanempilo, i-toxoplasmosis ngokuvamile inezimpawu ezimbalwa noma azikho futhi iningi labantu abazi ukuthi banalo. Abanye abantu bazoba nezimpawu ezinjenge-flu ezifana nemfiva, ama-body aches, ukukhathala, ikhanda lokukhwabanisa, noma izitho zamagciwane ezivuvukala ezingahlala amasonto amaningana noma ngaphezulu futhi zixazulule ngaphandle kokwelashwa.
Uma ukhulelwe futhi usulelekile nge- T. gondii izigciwane ngaphambi kokukhulelwa noma ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kwakho, ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa emntwaneni wakho. Lokhu kungaholela ekukhulelweni kwesisu, ukubeletha, noma ukuzalwa okungavamile, kuhlanganise nokulimala komqondo noma iso. Ezimweni eziningi, izinsana ezalwa nge-toxoplasmosis azibonisi izimpawu lapho zizalwa, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingakhuphula ukulahlekelwa kombono, i-jaundice, ukutheleleka kwesifo esibucayi, ukwandisa kwesibindi nesilwane, ukukhubazeka kwengqondo nokuhlukunyezwa.
Kubantu abanegazi elikhulu lokuzivikela, njengalabo abanesifo sengculaza esikhuphukile noma abathola imithi ephezulu ye-dose, kukhona ingozi yokuvuselela i- T. gondii eyayilawulwa ngaphambilini ngesistimu yomzimba. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela emibi njenge-encephalitis enamandla, ukuvuvukala kobuchopho okungabangela ukudideka, ubuthakathaka, umbono obonakalayo, nokuhlukunyezwa.
Izimbangela
I-toxoplasmosis ibangelwa yi- T. gondii , ikwazi ukuthelela izilwane eziningi nezinyoni. Noma kunjalo, i-parasite itholakale kuphela emanzini ekati. Yize izigidi zabantu kungenzeka zinegciwane lesandulela ngculaza, ziqukethe isimo esingasebenzi emsebenzini kulabo abanamasosha omzimba aphilile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola lesi sifo esivela kumuntu ngaphandle kokuthi uthola ukufakelwa komzimba noma igazi kumuntu osuleleke, okungavamile.
Amakati ayingxenye edingekayo yokuphila kwempilo kaT. gondii , kepha ukutheleleka okuningi kwenzeka kude namakati. Ngemuva kokuba ikati lishaye isilwane esincane esithathelwanayo, njenge-rodent noma inyoni, i-parasite ihlasela amangqamuzana emathumbu. I-parasite elandelayo ihambisa izinguquko eziningana zokuthuthukiswa ukuze ibe ifomu lokuphefumula, noma i-oocyst, futhi ikhishwe emvelweni wezinhlanzi zamakati. I-parasite ingabe ingena emzimbeni wesinye isilwane noma isintu, ifihla ngokwayo emisipha yamathambo, imisipha yenhliziyo, nobuchopho. Yakha ama-cysts futhi ingahlala lapho kuyo yonke impilo yakho.
I-toxoplasmosis nayo isakazwa:
- Izidakamizwa ezingcolile, ikakhulukazi ingulube, iwundlu, nezinyamazane ezingathatha ama-cysts e- T. gondii
- Izithelo nemifino engahlanjululwanga ezonakele noT . gondii . Amanzi angaba ne-parasite futhi, nakuba engekho e-United States. Ngezinye izikhathi ukudluliselwa kwegciwane lesitshalo noma izinhlanga emhlabathini noma emanzini akuyona into ecacile njengoba kungalindeleka. Amakati e-feral noma ukulahlwa kwedoti kungase kube nomthwalo wemfanelo.
- Imikhiqizo yobisi engahlelekile, nakuba lokhu akuvamile
- Ukudluliselwa komama nomntwana ku-utero, owaziwa ngokuthi izifo ezibangelwa ukubeletha
I-parasite ayifuni isifo kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku eziyisihlanu emva kokuba idonswe yikati elithathelwanayo, kodwa lingaphumelela emvelweni noma ebhokisini lensimbi isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka. Yingakho kubalulekile ukuthi ushintshe ngokucophelela ibhokisi lakho lokukhipha nsuku zonke. Zonke izithelo nemifino odlayo kufanele futhi igeze kahle.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuxilongwa ngemithi ye-toxoplasmosis kungaba nzima ngoba izimpawu ngokuvamile zifana nezinye izifo ezifana ne-influenza kanye ne-mononucleosis. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, ukuxilongwa kungenziwa kusuka esampula yegazi esithunyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlola ama-antibodies ngokumelene nesifo se-T. gondii .
Uhlobo oluthize lwama-antibody lungasiza ukulinganisa udokotela wakho uma ukutheleleka kwenzeka.
Izindlela ezingasetshenziswa kakhulu zokuxilongwa zibandakanya ukuhlolwa okuncane kakhulu kwezicubu noma izikhukhula zomzimba ukuze kube khona ama-parasite. Ukutholakala kwe- T. gondii DNA kumamidiotic fluid kungasetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe ingane ihlolelwe yini.
Ukwelapha
Abantu abanempilo bavame ukululameka kusuka e-toxoplasmosis ngaphandle kokwelashwa . Iningi labantu lingelashwa ngezidakamizwa, ngokuvamile lihlanganiswe ne-pyrimethamine, i-sulfadiazine, ne-folinic acid, kodwa ama-parasite awakwazi ukuqedwa ngokuphelele futhi azohlala emzimbeni esimweni esingasebenzi. Kunemibandela ehlukile kubantu abanezidakamizwa ezithile zemithi.
Izwi elivela
Uma unayo ikati futhi ufuna ukukhulelwa, ukhulelwe, noma isimiso sakho somzimba sokuzivikela sisusiwe, asikho isidingo sokuyeka ikati lakho ngokwesaba i-toxoplasmosis. Qiniseka ukuthi uthatha izinyathelo zokuqapha ezifana nokuqinisekisa ukuthi upheka yonke inyama yakho kahle; hlamba zonke izitsha zakho zokulungiselela ukudla, izindawo, nezitsha ngamanzi ashisayo ashisayo; hlamba yonke imifino nezithelo; ukuba nomunye umuntu ashintshe ibhokisi lensimbi yakho, noma egqoke amagilavu angalahla kanye nesisindo sombuso bese ugeza izandla zakho emva kwalokho uma kungekho omunye ongakwenza; ukushintsha udoti nsuku zonke; ukugwema ukungena noma ukuthinta amakati amasha ngenkathi ukhulelwe; hhayi ukondla ikati lakho eliluhlaza noma elingaphuki; futhi ugqoke amagilavu uma uthinta inhlabathi noma isanti.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Toxoplasmosis ne-FAQ Yokukhulelwa. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 25, 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Toxoplasmosis Imibuzo Ebuzwa Ngokujwayelekile (FAQs). UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Kubuyekezwe u-Agasti 25, 2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Toxoplasmosis: Ukuvimbela Nokulawula. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Ibuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 10, 2013.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. I-Toxoplasmosis. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Okthoba 3, 2017.