Umsebenzi we-thyroid ophansi ungathinta ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa
Izinkinga ze-thyroid zingathinta izingane njengabantu abadala, kodwa azivamile njengoba abanye abazali bekholelwa. Ngenkathi abanye abazali bezisho ukuthi isisindo somntanakho sithola "enkingeni ye-thyroid," akuvamile ukuthi kwenzeke.
Lapho izinkinga ze-thyroid zenzeka ezinganeni, zivame ukuhlobene ne-gland engasebenzi, eyaziwa ngokuthi i- hypothyroidism .
Lokhu kubangela ukukhiqizwa okunciphise kwamahomoni e-thyroid, okwenza, futhi, angabangela izinkinga zemetriki ezinganeni, kufaka phakathi isiqu esifushane, ukukhulelwa kwentsha, nokukhathala.
Isizathu se-hypothyroidism singaba sesisu (okusho ukuthi sizuzwe kubazali bakho) noma sitholakale (okubangelwa ezinye izimo ezifana nesifo sikaHashimoto, ukuntuleka kwe-iodine, noma ukwelashwa kwemisebe). Kucatshangwa ukuthi oyedwa kuzo zonke izingane ezingu-1 500 kuya ku-3 000 uzothola i-hypothyroidism yokubeletha, kuyilapho oyedwa kwabayishumi ezokhula ekutholeni i-hypothyroidism.
Umsebenzi we -roid ophansi unenkinga ngoba ungaphazamisa ukukhula nentuthuko evamile yengane. Ukukhathala kubangelwa ukuphazamisa ukusebenza esikoleni nokuphanga izingane zamandla adingekayo ezemidlalo neminye imisebenzi.
I-Hypothyroidism ye-congenital
Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokuzalwa kwengqondo ye-hypothyroidism yilapho i-dysgenesis ye-thyroid lapho i-gland yegciwane ingekho, ikhubazekile, noma ingakhiwe kahle.
I-dysgenis ye-thyroid ibhalela cishe amaphesenti angama-85 azo zonke izigameko ze-hypothyroid ezikhulelwe.
Ezinye izimbangela zihlanganisa isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-dyshormonogenesis ye-thyroid, lapho i-hormone ye-thyroid ingakalungi ngokufanele ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo.
Iningi lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ne-hypothyroidism ezizalwa zingenaso izibonakaliso zesifo.
Labo abakwenzayo bangabonakalisa ukuzithemba, ukudla okuncane, ukuqotshwa, nokukhala okukhulu. Esinye isibonakaliso sezitshalo siphuthumise isikhathi eside se-jaundice. Yilapho umbala ophuzi wesikhumba esasanda kuzalwa, obonakala kumaphesenti angaba ngu-50 wezingane ezigcwele, uqhubeka isikhathi eside kunamaviki amabili.
Ukuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kwe-thyrotropin noma i- thyroxine (T4) yiyona ndlela yokutholwa kwezifo ezisanda kuzalwa. Uma kutholakala ukuxilongwa kahle, inhloso yokwelapha iwukuba uhlakulele amazinga e-hormone ukuze umntwana akwazi ukukhula ngendlela evamile, kokubili ngokomzimba (okuphathelene nomzimba) kanye neurologically (ngokubhekisela ebuchosheni nasesimweni sezinzwa).
I-Hypothyroidism etholakale
Isifo sikaHashimoto (esaziwa nangokuthi i-Hashimoto's thyroiditis), ngokuyinhloko, yisisusa esivame kakhulu sokuthola i-hypothyroidism. Yisifo esizimele esisodwa lapho isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba singasebenzi khona futhi siqala ukuhlaselwa kwezicubu ze-thyroid ezinempilo.
I-hypothyroidism etholakalayo ibonakala izikhathi ezine emantombazaneni kunabantwana. Esinye sezibonakaliso zezici ukuvuvukala entanyeni okubangelwa ukwandiswa kwengubo ye-thyroid (goiter). Ezinye izimpawu ze-hypothyroidism zihlanganisa:
- Isiqu esifushane noma ukukhula kwezinga lokukhula
- Isikhumba, isikhumba esomile
- Ukuqokwa
- Ukungabekezelelani okubandayo
- Izinsizwa
- Ukukhathala
- Ukulala ngokweqile
- Izinkinga zembono
- Ukulimala kalula
- Ukukhishwa kwe-Milky nipple ( galactorrhea )
- Izinga lokungena esikhathini
- Ukuqeda ukukhulelwa (ngokuvamile ukubonakaliswa okubonakalayo eminyakeni yokuqala yentsha)
- Ukukhulelwa kwentsha (ikakhulukazi kubonakala kubantwana abanesifo esinzima, eside)
Ukuhlola ngokomzimba kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-T4 kungasetshenziselwa ukuxilongwa. Indlela yokwelashwa isifana ncamashi ne-congenital hypothyroidism. Izinhloso zokwelapha zizogcina amazinga ajwayelekile e-hormone futhi ziqiniseke ukuthi ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa okuvamile kubuntwaneni nokukhula. Umthamo wenziwe ngokwezifiso wengane futhi uvuselelwe njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha aze afinyelele ukuphakama okugcwele.
Ubuningi bezingane kanye nezinkinga ze-Thyroid
Izingane ezinamandla ngokweqile futhi ezikhulu kakhulu e-US ziyanda inkinga kodwa enye engavamile ukubangelwa yi-hypothyroidism. Eqinisweni, sekube yinto yokuchofoza ukubeka lezi zinkinga ngokuthi "glandular" lapho iningi libangelwa ukudla okuncane nokuntuleka kokuzivocavoca.
Izingane ezine-hypothyroidism ngezinye izikhathi zingabheka njengokungathi ziphethe amakhilogremu engeziwe ngenxa yokuthi azikude. Kodwa ezimweni eziningi, kungaphezu kokukhuluphala okungaholela ekushintsheni komsebenzi we -roid kunokuba ngenye indlela. Ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, izinga le-TSH eliphakanyisiwe kaningi liwumphumela wokukhuluphala hhayi imbangela.
> Umthombo:
> Hanley, P .; Nkosi, K .; noBauer, A. "Izinkinga ze-Thyroid ezinganeni nasezinsheni." I-JAMA Pediatrics. 2016; 170 (10): 1008-1019. I-DOI: 10.1001 / i-jamapediatrics.2016.0486.