Izimpawu Zokugula Kwabantwana
Ukulahlekelwa izinwele (alopecia) kuyisimo esesabekayo nesicasulayo kubazali, ikakhulukazi ngoba awulindele ngempela ukuthi izingane zilahlekelwe izinwele.
Ngeshwa, ukulahleka izinwele kuyisifo esivamile, ngisho nasezingane. Ezimweni eziningi, ukulahlekelwa izinwele kungokwengqayizivele, futhi izinwele zezingane zikhula.
Ukulahlekelwa Izinwele
Esinye sezimbangela zakudala zokulahlekelwa izinwele ezinganeni abantu abaningi abacabanga ngazo ukulahleka izinwele ezihlobene nomdlavuza wezingane.
Nakuba lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele, ngokuvamile kuvame ukwelapha umdlavuza, njenge-chemotherapy noma i-radiation (anagen effluvium), okubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele hhayi umdlavuza uqobo.
I-Telogen effluvium ingenye imbangela yezinwele zokulahleka kwezinwele ezinganeni, kodwa abazali behluleka ukuqonda lesi simo. Izingane ezine-telogen effluvium sezivame ukuba nezifo zamuva, ngokuvamile zine- fever ephakeme , ukuhlinzwa, ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokuzumayo, noma ngisho nokucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, bese ngokungazelelwe zilahlekelwe izinwele eziningi cishe amasonto ayisithupha kuya kwezinyanga ezintathu kamuva.
Izingane ezine-telogen effluvium ziyaqhubeka zilahlekelwa izinwele, zivame ukugqoka ama-clumps amakhulu amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga, kuze kube yilapho izinwele zabo zingase zibe mncane kakhulu. Kodwa izinwele zabo ziqala ukukhula futhi ezinyangeni ezingaba yisithupha ngaphandle kokwelapha. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kushaywa izinwele kwenzeka ngoba ukucindezeleka kwangempela kudonsa izinwele zengane zibe yisigaba sokuphumula noma esikude, esikhundleni sesigaba sayo sokukhula eside esivamile.
Ibuye iphinde ize izinwele ezintsha zikhule bese zilandela izigaba ezijwayelekile zokukhula kwezinwele.
Izimbangela Zokulahlekelwa Kwezinwele
Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zokuphunga izinwele ezinganeni kanye nentsha zihlanganisa:
- I-ringworm ye-scalp (i-tinea capitis) ingenye yezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokushaya izinwele kodwa ngokuvamile kuvame ukubona ngenxa yeziphumo ze-scalp ezihlangene, kufaka phakathi isihluthulelo esiyisibhakabhaka esibomvu, ukulahlekelwa izinwele, nomngcele we-scaly okungenzeka ube mnandi. Izibonakaliso ze-Scalp ringworm zingabonakali kakhulu, zingabi nokukala noma ukushaya, nezinwele eziphukile esikhundleni sokulahlekelwa izinwele (black dot tinea capitis).
- Ukutheleleka kwamagciwane kungabangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele okubonakala kufana ne-tinea capitis ngokulinganisa. Kodwa esikhundleni sokubangwa yi-ringworm, ngokuvamile kubangelwa amagciwane aseStaph aureaus .
- I-Traction alopecia ivame kakhulu kubantwana abagqoka ama-tight braids noma ama-ponytails kanye nezinsana nezinsana ezilahlekelwa izinwele ngemuva kwekhanda labo ekusihlungeni ngokumelene nesibhamu.
- Ukudonsa izinwele noma ukushaya isisu kungaba umkhuba wezinsana nezinsana, njengezithupha ezisiswini, ukuncelisa kwi-pacifier, noma ukugubha ingubo. Kuvame ukuyeka lapho izingane ziphakathi kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu ubudala, njengezithupha ezincelisayo, nakuba abanye beqhubeka bedonsa baze babe neminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ubudala. Nakuba ungayinaki le mkhuba, ngoba ngezinye izikhathi kubangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele ezithile, ungagcina izinwele zezingane zakho zifinyelelwe noma uzame ukumyisa kwenye yalezo zenye imikhuba uma kukukhathaza.
- I-Trichotillomania icatshangwa ukuthi ihlotshaniswa nokukhathazeka okuphoqelekile futhi ichazwa njengengane noma intsha ephoqelela ukukhipha izinwele zayo, izwa ingcindezi ngaphambi kokudonsa noma lapho izama ukumelana nokudonsa, futhi izwa injabulo, ukuthokoza, noma ukuphumula lapho idonsa izinwele zayo . Lezi zingane zilahlekelwa izinwele ezibonakalayo futhi zivame ukudinga ukwelashwa kusuka kwengqondo yengane kanye / noma kwengqondo yengane ekhethekile e-trichotillomania.
- I-Alopecia areata icatshangwa ukuthi iyisifo esizimele (uhlelo lomzimba lomntwana luhlasela izinwele zezinwele ) ezibangela ukulahlekelwa izinwele eziphelele nxazonke noma izigqoko ezivundlile esikhwameni somntwana noma kwenye ingxenye yomzimba. Ngokungafani ne-ringworm, i-scalp ehilelekile emigqeni ejikelezayo ye-alopecia isata ishelele ngokuphelele, ngaphandle kokubomvu noma isikali. Ukwelashwa kuhlanganisa ukujola kwe-steroid kanye nemithi yokwelapha (njengamaminoxidil, ukhilimu we-anthralin, noma ama-creams aphezulu e-steroid). Ngenhlanhla, ukukhula kwezinwele kuvame ukugcina ngokwakho, futhi.
- I-Alopecia totalis ne- alopecia universalis ifana ne-alopecia areata, ngaphandle kokuthi ingane ilahlekelwa zonke izinwele ze-scalp (alopecia totalis) noma zonke izinwele ze-scalp nazo zonke izinwele zomzimba (alopecia universalis). Amathuba okuphumelela ekwelapheni kanye nezinwele ezibuyiselwayo zingaphansi kwe-alopecia totalis ne-alopecia universalis kunokuba i-alopecia areata. I-dermatologist yezingane ingasiza ukuphatha ingane yakho nganoma iyiphi yalezi zifo. Ngaphandle kokwelapha okukhulunywe ngazo kakade kwe-alopecia areata, ezinye izindlela zokwelashwa zingase zihlanganise ukwelapha okukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (PUVA), i-oral steroids, noma i-cyclosporine yomlomo.
I-wig eliphezulu kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu kwe-alopecia areata ne-alopecia totalis.
Ezinye Izimbangela Zokulahlekelwa Kwezinwele
Ngaphandle kwezinyosi, ukudonsa izinwele, i-traction alopecia, nezinye izimbangela zokulahlekelwa izinwele okukhulunywe ngenhla, ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zokushaya izinwele zingabandakanya:
- Izifo ze-thyroid , kuhlanganise noma i-hypothyroidism ne-hyperthyroidism
- Izifo, njenge-systemic lupus erythematosus, isifo sikashukela, noma i- iron-deficiency anemia
- Ukungondleki
- I-Vitamin A enobuhlungu
Ngokuvamile ubungalindela ingane yakho ukuba ibe nezinye izimpawu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izinwele uma ngabe unalezi zinkinga. Isibonelo, ubuthi be-vitamin A bubangela nokukhanda ikhanda, izinguquko zombono, ukucasula, ukuhlanza nokunciphisa umzimba, njll.
Ukulahlekelwa izinwele nakho kungabangelwa ukungahleleki kwesakhiwo se-shaft yezinwele, okuvame ukuholela ekuphukeni okulula nokumile, izinwele ezibuhlungu. I-dermatologist yezingane ingavame ukukhomba lolu hlobo lokungajwayelekile ngokubheka izinwele ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
Usizo Lokulahlekelwa Kwezinwele Ezinganeni
Ukuvakashela kudokotela wezingane yakho cishe kuyisinyathelo sakho sokuqala uma ingane yakho ilahlekelwa izinwele zayo.
Mhlawumbe uzokwazi ukuhlonza nokuphatha izimbangela ezivamile zokushaya izinwele, njenge-ringworm, i-traction alopecia, ne-telogen effluvium. Kwezinye izimo, kuhlanganise ne-trichotillomania ne-alopecia areata, udokotela wakho wezingane cishe uzokutshela ochwepheshe ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okunye.
Imithombo:
Habif: Dermatology Clinical, 4th ed. Mosby; 2009.
I-Kliegman: UNelson Bookbook of Pediatrics, 18th ed. Saunders; 2011.