I-hypothyroidism ekhulile ibhekisela ku-hypothyroidism-ukuntuleka noma ukuntuleka kwehomoni ye-thyroid - lapho uzalwa.
Esikhathini sokuhlolwa kokuzalwa okusha, i-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa engavamile kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, uma kukhona, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi kutholakale ngokushesha futhi kuphathwa kahle . Ukungaphumeleli kahle futhi ngokushesha ukuphatha i-hypothyroidism engavamile kungathinta kakhulu i-IQ nokuthuthukiswa kwezinzwa.
I-hypothyroidism ekhulile ingenye yezimbangela ezivame ukwelashwa kwengqondo emhlabeni jikelele.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokubeletha kwe-hypothyroidism yokubeletha: ukuhlala unomzimba ongunaphakade we-hypothyroidism kanye ne-hypothyroidism yangemva kokuzalwa.
Hypothyroidism engapheliyo yangasese
Lolu hlobo lwe-hypothyroidism ludinga ukwelashwa kwansuku zonke, futhi lunemibangela eminingi:
- Isizathu esivame kakhulu sokubeletha i-hypothyroidism engumzimba kuyisici noma ukuthuthuka okungavamile kwegciwane le-thyroid, elibizwa ngokuthi i-dysgenesis. Ngokuyinhloko, i-ectopic ye-thyroid isisindo esingavamile kakhulu. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu ye-hypothyroidism engakhulelwe yimbangela ye-dysgenesis.
- Ezinye izinsana zizuza izisulu ezingakwazi ukuhlanganisa nokufihla i-hormone yegciwane. Lezi akhawunti cishe ngamaphesenti angu-10 amacala okuzalwa angama-hypothyroidism.
- I- hypothyroidism ekhulile ingaba ngenxa yesici esimweni sokuthutha kwe-hormone ye-thyroid.
- Kwezinye izinsana, i-central hypothyroidism, ehlanganisa izinkinga ze-hypothalamic noma i-pituitary, iyimbangela yokuzalwa kwengqondo ye-hypothyroidism.
I-Hypothyroidism yangasese evamile
Kucatshangwa ukuthi amaphesenti angu-10 kuya kwezingama-20 ezinsana aphethwe yi-hypothyroid anesimo sesikhashana saleso simo esibizwa ngokuthi i-hypothyroidism yangemva kokuzalwa yangempela.
I-hypothyroidism esheshayo ezinsana izinezimbangela eziningana:
- Ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emntwaneni osanda kuzalwa, okubangelwa ukungena ngokwanele kwe-iodine kumama
- Ama-antibodies e-TSH-receptor okuvimbela (TRB-Ab) owesifazane okhulelwe onesifo se-autoimmune, ngokuvamile esiyisifo se-Graves, esadlulisa yonke i-placenta futhi ethinta umsebenzi we-thyroid we-thyroid, okwenza ukuba i-hypothyroidism ibelethwe. Lokhu akukwenzeka kuzo zonke abesifazane abanesifo se-autoimmune. Ngokuvamile, uma kwenzeka, i-hypothyroidism ixazulula cishe izinyanga ezintathu kuya kwezintathu ngemva kokubelethwa njengoba izikhukhula zomama zisuke zisuswe usana.
- Izidakamizwa ze-Antithyroid (PTU, methimazole) ezithathwe owesifazane okhulelwe ophethe i-hyperthyroid ewela i-placenta, okwenza i-hypothyroidism entsheni. Ngokuvamile, i-hypothyroidism ixazulula izinsuku eziningana emva kokuzalwa, futhi umsebenzi ovamile we-thyroid ubuya phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa.
- Ukuvezwa kwe-Fetus noma ukuzalwa okuncane kakhulu kwe-iodine, okungabangela i-hypothyroidism engapheliyo. Lolu hlobo lokudonswa kwe-iodine luphumela ekusetshenzisweni kwemithi esekelwe i-iodine njenge-amiodarone (esetshenziselwa ukuphatha izilinganiso ezingenangqondo zenhliziyo) kumama noma emntwaneni, noma ukusetshenziswa kwama-anti-antiseptics noma ama-agent ahlukile.
Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso
Iningi lezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ne-hypothyroidism ezizalwa zingenayo izibonakaliso noma izimpawu zesimo.
Lokhu kubangelwa ukuba khona kwehomoni ye-thyroid yomama, noma umsebenzi othile we-thyroid wokuhlala.
Kodwa, izibonakaliso nezimpawu zomtholampilo zingabandakanya lokhu okulandelayo:
- Isisindo sokuzalwa esanda
- Ukwanda kwekhanda elingaphezulu
- I-Lethargy (ukungabi namandla, ukulala isikhathi esiningi, kubonakala kukhathele ngisho nalapho kuphapheme)
- Ukuhamba kancane
- Ukukhala okukhulu
- Izinkinga zokudla
- Ukuqokwa okuqhubekayo, ukuvinjelwa noma okugcwele ukuthinta
- Ulimi olukhulisiwe
- Isikhumba esomile
- Ukushisa komzimba okuphansi
- I-jaundice ende
- I-goiter (i- thyroid ekhulisiwe )
- Iphutha le-muscle elingavamile
- Ubuso obukhulu
- Amaqabunga amabi
- Izinwele ezinamaqabunga ezinamafutha ahamba phansi ebunzini
- I-fontanel enkulu (indawo elithambile)
- I-herniated bellybutton
- Ukukhula kancane, ukuhluleka ukuphumelela
I-hypothyroidism ekhulile ivame kakhulu ezinsaneni ezinezinye izinkinga ezingezansi (ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nenhliziyo) ne-Down syndrome.
Ukutholwa Nokuthola Ukuxilongwa
I-hypothyroidism ekhulile ivame ukutholakala ngokuhlola izingane ezisanda kuzalwa, ngokuvamile zifezwa isithende esivivinya umzimba esenziwa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuzalwa. Isivivinywa sivame ukulandelwa phakathi kwamasonto amabili kuya kwesithupha emva kokuzalwa.
Ngokusho kwezokwelapha i- UpToDate :
"Ukuhlolwa kwazo zonke izingane ezisanda kuzalwa manje sekujwayelekile kuzo zonke izifunda ezingu-50 zase-United States, eCanada, eYurophu, e-Israel, eJapane, e-Australia naseNew Zealand, futhi iphinde ithuthukiswe eMpumalanga Yurophu, eNingizimu Melika, e-Asia nase-Afrika. , isibonelo, izingane ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-4 zihlolwa njalo ngonyaka, ziholele ekutholeni izinsana eziyi-1000 ezinama-hypothyroidism angamahhala. Emhlabeni wonke, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izingane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12 zihlolwa futhi abangu-3 000 abane-hypothyroidism bathola njalo ngonyaka. "
Lapho ukuhlola kokuqala kwegazi kuveza inkinga engenzeka, ukulandelela ngokuvamile kufaka phakathi umsebenzi wegazi owengeziwe futhi kungafaka ezinye izivivinyo, ezifana nokuhlolwa kwe-imaging ye-thyroid . I-UpToDate inemininingwane eminingi mayelana nezinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga ezisetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa i-hypothyroidism yokuzalwa nokuhlola izimbangela zayo.
Izwi kusuka
Uma unomntwana ozelwe nge-congenital hypothyroidism, uyini ukubikezela kwakhe? Uma isimo somntanakho sitholakala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa futhi siphathwa ngokushesha, ukubikezelwa kwesimiso kuhle kakhulu. Ngokusho kocwaningo, izingane ezitholakalayo ngesikhathi sokubeletha ezithola ukwelashwa okusheshayo zivame ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa okujwayelekile, kanti izifundo eziningi azibikezeli umehluko ku-IQ.
Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zithole ukunciphisa kancane ngamazwi okukhuluma, izibalo, nezibalo, kanye nokulahlekelwa okuncane emqondweni nasekuqapheleni kwezinye izingane ezibuyiselwe emazingeni ajwayelekile wegciwane , kancane kancane ngenxa yokuxilongwa kokuphuza noma ukuphuza okuncane okuqala. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni nokwanele kwe-hypothyroidism yokubeletha kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umthombo:
> LaFranchi, uStephen. "Izici Zemitholampilo Nokutholwa Kwe-Hypothyroidism Engavamile." UpToDate .