Wonke ama-syndrome anezici ezingokwenyama nezingokwenyama ezichaza. Ezinye zalezi zici ziyizici nje ezitholakala ukuthi zenzeka kaningi kubantu abane-syndrome ethile, futhi ezinye zezici ziyinkinga enkulu kakhulu yezokwelapha. Inhloso yokuhlunga izici ze-Down syndrome akumele ukwesabise noma ikucindezele, kodwa ukukunika umbono wezinhlobo eziningi zezici ezingabonakala kubantu abane-Down syndrome.
Lolu hlu lwezinkinga lungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ingane yakho ingabhekana nani ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza kahle ekunakekeleni kwakhe.
Izici ze-Down Syndrome
Abantu abanesifo se- Down syndrome banezici zobuso nezibuko ezihlukile, izinkinga zezokwelapha , nokukhubazeka okungaqondakali okufanayo. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi akekho umuntu ophethe i-Down syndrome ozoba nazo zonke izici ezichazwe lapha, futhi nenani lezinkinga zomzimba umuntu onesifo se-Down syndrome lihambisana nokukwazi kwabo kwengqondo. Ingane ngayinye ene-Down syndrome inomuntu siqu kanye namandla akhe ayingqayizivele.
Izici zomzimba
Ezinye zezici ezibonakalayo abantu abane-Down syndrome bafaka:
- Izici ezibonakalayo ezibucayi: Izinsana ezine-Down syndrome zinezinye izici zobuso ezingabangela ukuba zifane nezinye izilinganiso ezincane. Lezi zici zingabandakanya amehlo amancane aphakanyisiwe, umlomo omncane, umlomo omncane, umlomo omncane onolwazi oluthile oluthile, intamo emfushane, imifino emhlophe eyingxenyeni yamehlo abo, nasezindlebeni ezincane. Babuye babe nethemba lokubona ubuso obunzima ngamaprofayili aphatha kabi. Ngokusobala, akekho kulezi zici ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha kodwa yilokho okwenza abantu abane-Down syndrome baqaphele.
- Ukungafani ezandleni nasezinyaweni: Esikhundleni sezinsika ezimbili ezisezintendeni zabo, abantu abane-Down syndrome bavame ukuba ne-crease eyodwa, iminwe emifushane, nomunwe wesihlanu ongena ngaphakathi (clinodactyly). Zingaba nezinyawo ezincane ngesikhala esivamile kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinyawo ezinkulu nezincane. Ngokuphindaphindiwe, akekho kulezi zici ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezokwelapha, kodwa lezi zici ezinye zezici ezingasiza udokotela ukuba ahlaziye i-Down syndrome.
Izinkinga zezokwelapha
Ngaphandle kwezici zabo zobuso nezomzimba, izingane ezine-Down syndrome zisengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa izinkinga eziningi zezokwelapha. Abantu abaningi abanalo izinkinga zezokwelapha, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela okungenzeka ukuthi ingane yakho ingabhekana nayo uma une-Down syndrome. Lezi zinkinga zezokwelapha ezikhona zingabandakanya:
- I-Hypotonia noma ithoni eliphansi le-muscle: Cishe zonke izinsana ezine-Down syndrome zinezwi eliphansi lemisipha noma imisipha ebuthakathaka. Lesi simo sibizwa nge- hypotonia . Umsindo we-muscle ophansi wenza kube nzima kakhulu ukufunda ukufunda, ukuhlala, ukuma, ngisho nokukhuluma. I-Hypotonia ayikwazi ukuphulukiswa kepha ngokuvamile ithuthukisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi iphathwa ngelashwa ngokomzimba.
- Izinkinga zembono: Amaphesenti angama-60 ezingane ezine-Down syndrome izoba nenkinga ethile yombono. Izinkinga zombono zingabandakanya ukungahambi kahle , ukubhekwa phambili , ukubuka amehlo , ukuguguleka, nokuvimbela amathanga okubhula . Amaphesenti angu-50 anemibono yombono edinga izibuko.
- Izinkinga zokuzwa: Kufika ezingamaphesenti angu-75 ezinganeni ezine-Down syndrome zizolahlekelwa ezinye izinhlobo zokuzwa. Izinsana eziningi zase-US zihlolwe ukulahlekelwa kwezwa ngemva nje kokuzalwa. Nakuba kungavamile ukuthi usana olunezithulu ze-Down syndrome, kusabalulekile ukuthola ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kokuzwa kusukela ekulaleni kudlala indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ulimi.
- Izifo zendlebe: Phakathi kwamaphesenti angu-50 kuya ku-75% wezingane ezine-Down syndrome zinezifo zendlebe.
- Ukukhubazeka kwenhliziyo: Cishe isigamu sabo bonke abantwana abane-Down syndrome bazalwa benesifo senhliziyo. Lezi ziphutha zingabuka kusukela komnene kuze kube kanzima futhi ngisho nokusongela impilo. Ezinye zeziphambeko zenhliziyo ezincane zingalungisa ngokwedlule isikhathi, kanti ukukhubazeka okukhulu kwenhliziyo kudinga imithi noma ukuhlinzwa. Uma ingane yakho ingenaso isifo senhliziyo (inkinga ngesakhiwo senhliziyo) ekuzalweni, ngeke ihlakulele isici senhliziyo kamuva.
- Ezinye izinkinga zezokwelapha: Ezinye izingane ezine-Down syndrome zizoba nezinkinga zamathumbu. Iningi lalezi zinkinga zingalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa, kodwa ezinye izinkinga ezingase zikhule zingase zithuthuke, ukuvinjelwa kwe-GI, nesifo se-celiac. Izinkinga ze-thyroid ne-anemia nazo zivame kakhulu. Amaphesenti angu-50 kuya ku-75 amaphesenti ane-apnea yokulala, futhi ukukhuluphala kungenzeka kakhulu. Izingane ezincane ezine-Down syndrome zinethuba elingu-1 eliphakeme lokuthuthukisa i- leukemia , uhlobo lomdlavuza oluthinta amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi emzimbeni.
Ukukhubazeka kwengqondo
Bonke abantu abanesifo se-Down syndrome banezinga elithile lokukhubazeka kwengqondo, ngaphambili okubizwa ngokuthi ukuphuza kwengqondo, noma ukubambezeleka kokuthuthukiswa. Akunakukwazi ukufunda, bavele bathambekele ekufundeni kancane kancane futhi banenkinga enkulu ngokucabanga okunengqondo nokwahlulela. Akunakwenzeka ukubikezela izinga lokukhubazeka kwengqondo ebantwaneni abane-Down syndrome ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Ukufunda okungenzeka komuntu onesifo se-Down syndrome kunganconywa ngokusebenzisa ukungenelela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi , imfundo enhle, ukulindela okukhulu, nokukhuthazwa.
Abantu ngabanye, Abayitholi
Nakuba kulula ukuhlunga izici nezinkomba zabantu abane-Down syndrome, akunakwenzeka ukuthatha zonke izici ezizenza zihlukile. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abane-Down syndrome bangabantu bokuqala futhi ukuxilongwa kwabo kuyesibili.
> Imithombo:
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). I-Down Syndrome: Idatha nezibalo. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 27, 2017.
> Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Health Child kanye Nokuthuthukiswa Kwabantu. Yiziphi Izimpawu Ezivamile Ze-Down Syndrome? Ihhovisi Lokuxhumana. UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu. Izikhungo zezempilo zikazwelonke. Kubuyekezwe ngoJanuwari 31, 2017.
> Abasebenzi beMayo Clinic. Down Syndrome. I-Mayo Clinic. Kubuyekezwe ngo-Juni 27, 2017.