I-Lymphoma ingumdlavuza we-lymphocytes, okuyizingqamuzana zegazi ezimhlophe ezikhona ngokuyinhloko ohlelweni lomzimba lymphatic, kodwa nazo zikhona egazini nakwezinye izicubu zomzimba. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-lymphoma, futhi izimpawu eziningi ezihlukene zingenzeka, njengomphumela.
Ama-lymphocyte, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe ahlotshiswe nge-lymphoma, atholakala kulo lonke uhlelo lwe-lymphatic -inethiwekhi yezimpahla ezithwele i-lymph- futhi ezinhlotsheni ezihambisanayo. Ama-lymphocyte alwa nokutheleleka kwe-bacterial and virus futhi adla indima ebalulekile ohlelweni lomzimba lomzimba. Ama-lymph nodes , futhi engxenyeni yesimiso se-lymphatic, ayingxube encane yezinyamu zomzimba ezihlakazeka emzimbeni wonke, njengama-checkpoints eceleni kwesistimu yezikebhe zethempeli. Inhloso yabo ukuhlunga i-lymph njengoba idlula kubo. Ngokuvamile, ama-lymph nodes akhuliswa nge-lymphoma, futhi yilokho okubangela ukuba ihlumela elingase lizwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, i-lymphocytes enempilo ingangena futhi iphinde iphuma emisebenzini yamasosha omzimba. Uma i-lymphoma iqala, amangqamuzana e-lymphoma angakha ema-lymph nodes, kanye nasomninini wethambo, i-pleen, nezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Nakuba i-lymphomas ivame ukuqala kuma-lymph nodes, ingavela cishe noma yikuphi.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ze-lymphoma, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zomlando, i-lymphoma ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko : i-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) -kubizwa ngokuthi i-Hodgkin's-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), okubhekisela kuzo zonke ezinye izidakamizwa.
Izimpawu ze-Lymphoma
Izimpawu zokuxwayisa ze-lymphoma zingase zibe ezicashile kangangokuba kungathatha iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba umuntu onesifo aqonde ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eziningi zezimpawu ze-lymphoma azizona ezicacile, okusho ukuthi zingase zenzeke ezimweni ezivamile futhi eziyingozi, ezingekho komdlavuza. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukubonana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa okunembile .
Umswakama Ongenalutho Emgodini Wakho, Izimpande, noma Ukudla
Lona uphawu oluvame kakhulu, futhi kaningi yilona uphawu olulodwa kuphela. Lezi zindebe zikhuliswa ngamagciwane lymph . Iningi labantu qaphela kuqala lezi zibindi ngenkathi kugeza noma ukushintsha, noma umlingani noma okunye okuvelele angase azizwe kuqala. Ama-node ekhulisiwe awawona njalo uphawu lwe-lymphoma.
Ngokujwayelekile, isikhumba esivela ku-node ekhulisiwe asibuhlungu, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba buhlungu ngemva kokuphuza utshwala, okuye kwabikwa ezimweni eziningi ze-Hodgkin lymphoma.
Uma unenkinga ebuhlungu futhi awuqiniseki ukuthi ngabe i-lymph node noma enye into, bheka udokotela wakho. Odokotela banolwazi oluningiliziwe lwamaphethini okugeleza kwamanzi lymph, kanye nezindawo ezijwayelekile ze-lymph nodes ezithile. Ngokukubona nokuhlola ukuhlolwa ngokomzimba, udokotela wakho uzokwazi ukutshela ngokushesha umehluko phakathi kwezibhamu ezivamile kanye nezibhamu, ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node evamile noma into ephathelene nokunye.
Amanqamu ngaphandle kwe-lymphoma nawo angabangela i-lymph nodes. Futhi, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amacala amaningi we-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe empeleni ngenxa yezinye izinto, ezifana nezifo, kunokuba kune-cancer. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulu ezinganeni. Izakhi ezikhulisiwe ngenxa yokutheleleka ngokuvamile zibuyela esayizi yazo evamile emasontweni ambalwa noma izinyanga emva kokutheleleka kuphelile.
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
Ukulahleka kwesisindo kumongo we-lymphoma ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokushesha futhi kungase kube nezimbangela ezihlukahlukene. Kwezinye izimo, kwenzeka ngoba amangqamuzana anomdlavuza adinga amandla engeziwe ngenkathi umzimba usebenza kanzima ukuzama ukuwaqeda. Lolu hlobo lokulahleka kwesisindo olungavamile luvame ukubonakala kwesifo se-lymphomas esheshayo.
Ngokuvamile umuntu angalahlekelwa amakhilogremu ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho uma ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-5 wesisindo somzimba wakho phakathi nenyanga noma ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-10 phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwazama ukunquma ukubaluleka kokulahlekelwa isisindo nesisindo somzimba noma inkomba yomzimba womzimba (BMI) ku-lymphoma. Akucaci ukuthi isisindo somzimba ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa ngokuvamile sinomthelela ekudaleni komuntu noma izinga lokusinda. Ucwaningo luye lwasikisela ukuthi inani eliphakeme lesisindo somzimba lingase lihlotshaniswe nokuphila kangcono kwezinye izimo, kodwa hhayi abanye. Ucwaningo oluthile oluthile oluthile oluthile luye lwabona ukuthi i-BMI eyandisiwe yayihlotshaniswa nokuphila okuphelele okuthuthukile kwiziguli ezine-lymphoma engeyona i-Hodgkin's (NHL) ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL); Izifundo ezimbili ezigulini ezine-NHL, kodwa zathola ukuthi i-BMI eyengeziwe yayihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kokusinda, kanti enye yabona ukuthi i-BMI ayifani kakhulu nemiphumela yomtholampilo phakathi kweziguli ezine-B-cell lymphoma enkulu (DLBCL), i-HL noma i-follicular lymphoma (FL ).
Ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungenye yezimpawu ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuthi 'izimpawu zeB.' Ezinye ezimbili ziwumkhuhlane kanye nokuthuthumela.
Fever
I-fever eqhubekayo noma eyenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi esithile futhi ingabonakali ehlobene nesifo noma isifo sokuvuthwa yisibonakaliso esibalulekile okufanele uvumele udokotela wakho azi ngakho. I-fever ehlobene ne-node swellings ivela ngokuvamile ngezifo, futhi eziningi ze- lymphomas zivame ukungalungi ngenxa yezifo ezinkathini zokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi, kulabo abathintekayo yiHodgkin lymphoma , isifo somkhuhlane esibizwa ngokuthi i- Pel-Ebstein fever kwenzeka. Lena iphethini ethile yomkhuhlane odokotela abaningi abafunda ngawo ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kwabo, kodwa kungase kube ukutholakala okungavamile ku-lymphoma.
I-fever ingenye yezimpawu ezintathu ezibizwa ngokuthi 'izimpawu zeB.' Ezinye ezimbili zithuthukisa futhi zilahlekelwa isisindo.
Ukuthuka ngokweqile ebusuku
Wonke umuntu ngezikhathi ezithile uyavusa ukuthola ukuthi ahlambalaza, ikakhulu uma elala ngaphansi kwezigqoke eziningi kakhulu noma ekamelweni elifudumele ngaphandle kohlobo. Lezi zinhlobo zokuhlangenwe nakho ngokuvamile azibhekwa njengezikhukhumezi zasebusuku futhi ngokuvamile azibonisi inkinga yezokwelapha.
Izithukuthuko zangempela ebusuku zivame ukuthakazelisa. Ungase uvuke ebusuku uboshwe ngokuthuthumela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Lokhu kuthuma ebusuku kusivame kakhulu ukuthi kudingeke ukuthi ushintshe izingubo zakho nezembatho zokulala. Ama-pajamas nama-linens akho abhekene ne-wet. Inothi, ukujula ebusuku kungabuye kwenzeke phakathi nosuku.
Yiqiniso kuyilapho ubusuku bokuphuza kungase kube uphawu lwe-lymphoma, kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi wonke umuntu obulala izinto angaveza izithukuthuku zobusuku, kuhlanganise nezidakamizwa nophuzo oludakayo, izifo ezifana ne-HIV / AIDS, ukukhathazeka okuthile kokulala, kanye nokukhathazeka kwezinye izimo. Futhi-ke, ukujula ebusuku nokushisa okushisayo kuvame kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane phakathi nesikhathi sokuya esikhathini.
Izimpawu ezintathu ezandulele-umkhuhlane, ukulahlekelwa isisindo nokujuluka-ngezinye izikhathi kuthiwa 'izimpawu zeB.' Leli gama elisetshenziselwa ukulinganisa lesi sifo. Kwezinye izilonda, ukutholakala kwezimpawu zeB kungase kubalulekile; kwezinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma, aphansi kakhulu.
Ukuchithwa
Ukunambitheka kuvame kakhulu kubantu abane-Hodgkin lymphoma kune-non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Eqinisweni, cishe umuntu oyedwa kubantu abathathu abane-Hodgkin lymphoma uzothola ukushisa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokushayeka okubonakalayo. Ukubamba ngokuvamile kuthinta izandla, izinyawo, imilenze ephansi, noma umzimba wonke. Ukubheka kungabangela ukucindezeleka, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esishisayo, futhi ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu ebusuku ngesikhathi elele embhedeni.
Isizathu sohlobo lokubamba okwenzeka ku-lymphoma alukwazi, kepha izibonakaliso zamaseli ezibizwa nge-cytokines zikholelwa ukuthi zinezibopho, okungenani ngezingxenye, ngenzwa yokuzwa. Ezinhlobonhlobo ze-lymphoma ezithinta isikhumba, ukushaywa kwesikhumba kwenzeka ezinkingeni zesikhumba ezithintekile yilesi sifo.
Ukulahlekelwa Ukudla
Njengoba i-lymphomas isakazeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni futhi ikhula, abantu abaningi banomuzwa wokulahlekelwa kwesidlo esikhulu, okuqhubekayo nokwehla kwesisindo. Kungase kube nezizathu ezahlukene zokulahlekelwa kwesidlo okungenzeka ku-lymphoma.
Kwezinye izimo, i-lymphomas eqala noma ekhula esiswini ingabangela ukuvuvukala noma ubuhlungu esiswini. Lokhu kungase kube ngamalini omzimba ayenziwe amakhulu, noma avela ezithombeni ezifana nesipere noma isibindi esiye sabandakanyeka nezifo. Ukugcwala esiswini kungabuye kubangele ukwakheka kwamanzi amaningi esiswini. I-spleen ekhulisiwe ingase icindezele esiswini, okungabangela ukulahlekelwa kwesidlo nokuzizwa kugcwele emva kokudla okuncane. Ama-lymphomas esiswini noma amathumbu nawo angabangela ubuhlungu besisu, isicashu, noma ukuhlanza.
Ukuzwa Ubuthakathaka
Njengoba amangqamuzana omdlavuza ekhula njalo, asebenzisa izakhi zomzimba ezingaphezulu, eshiya umzimba kancane. Lezi zinqubo eziningi ezingenza umuntu ane-lymphoma abe buthakathaka. Ubuthakathaka bungabangelwa yi-anemia uma i-lymphoma ihlala emnxeni wethambo lapho amaseli abomvu ekhishwa khona.
I-anemia ngokuyisisekelo kusho ukuthi umzimba awunawo amangqamuzana egazi obomvu okwanele ekujikelezeni ukwenza umsebenzi wokuletha oksijeni ezicubu-kuhlanganise nemisipha nobuchopho. Ngakho-ke, i-anemia ingaveza umuzwa obuthakathaka, kodwa futhi umqondo wokukhathala noma ukukhathala kumuntu one-lymphoma.
Ukuphefumula Ngokuhambisana nokuvuvukala kobuso ne-neck
Ngokuvamile, uma i-lymphoma emqaleni noma esifubeni ikhula kakhulu, ingavimbela ukugeleza kwezinye izitsha futhi iholele ukuvuvukala kobuso nentamo kanye nomzwelo wokuphefumula. Ukuphefumula nokukhwehlela kungabuye kube izimpawu lapho i-lymphoma ikhula emkhatsini we-mediastinum, indawo yesifuba esakha inhliziyo futhi iphelelwe ngamaphaphu kanye nezakhiwo zangasese ezingenhla nangaphansi.
Njengoba i-lymphomas ingenzeka kunoma yiluphi uhlobo, zingase zenze ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile. I-lymphoma esiswini ingabangela ubuhlungu esiswini, futhi i-lymphoma ebuchosheni ingabangela ikhanda noma ubuthakathaka bomlenze, isibonelo.
Izwi elivela
Uma ubona eziningana zalezi zimpawu noma uzizwa ukhathazekile ukuthi ungase ube ne-lymphoma, ubone udokotela wakho. Lezi zimpawu zingabonakalisa okuthile, noma akukho lutho. Ochwepheshe bezokwelapha kuphela abangakwazi ukubona ukuthi kungani imbangela yezimpawu zakho.
Imithombo:
> Li YJ, Yi PY, Li JW, et al. Ukwanda kwenqwaba yomzimba kuhlotshaniswa nokuphila okuphelele okuthuthukile kumbulali wemvelo we-extranodal / T-cell lymphoma, uhlobo lomzimba. I-Oncotarget . 2017; 8 (3): 4245-4256.
> American Cancer Society, 2017. Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-non-Hodgkin lymphoma.