Ama-rabi akuyona ukukhathazeka kwezempilo komphakathi ukuthi kwakukhona ngaphambili, kodwa uyaqhubeka eyala inhlonipho ngenxa yemiphumela yaso embi. Isifo sesandulela ngculaza sisakazwa kuphela ngokulunywa kwesilwane futhi, uma sishiywa singaphathwa kabi, singabangela izimpawu ezinzima ze-neurological kufaka phakathi umkhuhlane, ikhanda, ukuphuza ngokweqile, ukuphazamiseka kwemisipha, ukukhubazeka, nokudideka kwengqondo.
Ama-rabi angavinjelwa ngenye yegciwane le-FDA elivunyiwe. Uchungechunge lwezibhamu, lwaqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuluma, lungasiza abantu abangenakuvotelwa ukuba basuse lesi sifo. Ngeshwa, uma izibonakaliso zivela, lesi sifo sivame ukubulala njalo.
Ngokwezibalo ezivela kwiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), amacala angu-23 kuphela e-rabies abantu asebiwe e-US kusukela ngo-2008 kuya ku-2017.
Izimpawu
Phakathi nezinyathelo zokuqala zokutheleleka, kungenzeka ukuthi bambalwa, uma kukhona, izimpawu ngaphandle komkhuhlane noma ikhanda. Isikhathi esiphakathi kwezimpawu zokuchayeka kanye nezifo, eyaziwa ngokuthi inkathi yokufaka incubation, ingabaleka phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-20 kuya kwezingu-90 ngokwesilinganiso.
Njengoba ukutheleleka kuyaqhubeka futhi kwenza indlela eya ebuchosheni, izimpawu ze- encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kobuchopho) kanye ne- meningitis (ukuvuvukala kwezicubu ezizungezile ubuchopho kanye nekholomu lomgogodla) kuzokhula. Phakathi nalesi sigaba esilandelayo sesifo, umuntu angase aqale ukuzwa uhla oluqhubekayo futhi oluvame kakhulu lwezimpawu zomzimba kanye neuropsychiatric, kufaka phakathi
- Ukulahlekelwa kwesifiso
- I-nausea nokuhlanza
- Ukuzwela ukukhanya
- Ukweqa ngokweqile
- Ukukhathazeka nokukhathazeka
- I-paranoia
- Ukuziphatha okungavamile (kufaka phakathi ukuhlukunyezwa nokuhlukunyezwa)
- Ama-hallucinations
- I-Hydrophobia (ukoma okungenakulinganiswa nokungakwazi ukugwinya noma ukubonisa ukwesaba lapho uhanjiswa ngamanzi okuphuza)
- Ukuzizwa
- Ukukhubazeka ngokwengxenye
Kusukela kule nkinga, lesi sifo singathuthuka ngokushesha, siholele ekudleni, ku-coma, nokufa ezinsukwini eziyisikhombisa kuya kwezingu-10. Uma izimpawu ze-prodromal zivela, ukwelashwa cishe akusebenzi neze.
Lesi sifo empeleni sasibizwa ngokuthi i-hydrophobia (ukwesaba amanzi) ngenxa yegama legamaake.
Izimbangela
Ama-rabi esebangelwa igciwane lesandulela ngculazi elibizwa ngokuthi i- lyssavirus , lapho kunezinhlobo ezithile ezingu-14 eziphathelene nezilwane. Igciwane ngokwayo lingatholakala ekugxilweni okuphezulu ematheni kanye namaseli omzimba wesilwane esithathelelekile noma umuntu. Ukulunywa kwezilwane yiyona ndlela yokudlulisela phambili, nakuba ukutheleleka kungadluliselwa ngokuphatha izilwane ezifile. Ukudluliselwa phakathi kwabantu kuyinto engavamile kakhulu.
Uma umuntu esalunywa, ehlungiwe, noma evezwe kumanzi omzimba onegciwane (mhlawumbe ngamehlo, ekhaleni, emlonyeni noma ephukile), igciwane lizohamba phakathi kwemizwa ye-system central central kuya kumgogodla nobuchopho.
E-United States, ukulunywa yizinyosi kuyindlela ejwayelekile kunazo zonke yokudluliselwa kwezilwane kuya kubantu, okulandelwa yizinja ezivela ezinja ezihlaselayo. Ezinye izilwane zaseNyakatho Melika ezivame ukwelashwa zihlanganisa ama-raccoons, ama-skunks, izimpungushe, izinkomo, ama-coyotes kanye namakati asekhaya.
I-states enezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lezinhlanzi zezilwane zaseTexas, eVirginia, ePennsylvania, eNew York, eMargan, eNew Jersey, eGeorgia naseCalifornia.
Ukuxilongwa
Kuze kube manje, azikho izivivinyo ezitholakalayo ukuze zihlolwe i-rabies yabantu ngaphambi kokuqala kwezimpawu. Njengalokhu, ukwelashwa kuzoqala ngokuziqhenya uma umuntu elunywe yisilwane sasendle noma yisiphi isilwane esicatshangelwa ukuthi sinomdlavuza. Njengoba kunikezwe ubuhlungu bokutheleleka kwe-rabies, asikho isizathu sokulinda.
Lokho okukhulunywa ngakho, uma isilwane esicatshangelwayo sesifile, ukuhlolwa kungenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutheleleka ngokuthatha amasampula amathishu ebuchosheni. Uma kukhona isilwane esibonakaliswayo, ukulawulwa kwezilwane kuzokwehlisa ukuze izicubu zobuchopho zikhishwe ukuze zihlolwe.
Ukwelapha
Isikhathi sinobukhulu uma kulindeleke ukuthi kuvezwe ukuhlonza i-rabies.
Ukwelapha kuhilela izibhamu ezine zomuthi we-rabies kanye nokudubula okulodwa kwesidakamizwa esibizwa ngokuthi i-rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG) yabantu. I-HRIG iqukethe ama-antibodies omzimba okuvimbela ngokushesha nokulawula igciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuze kube yilapho umgomo ungase uqale ukusebenza.
U-HRIG unikezwa kuphela kubantu abangazange bagonywe ngaphambilini ngama-rabies. Ijojowe ngqo ekilweni. Noma yikuphi okusele kuzobekwa ngaphakathi kumisipha kude nalapho kukhishwa khona ukukhishwa komuthi. (Ukujova u-HRIG osondelene nesayithi lokugoma kungaphazamisa impendulo yomzimba.)
Kunamalungiselelo amabili akwa-HRIG avunyelwe ngale njongo:
- I-imogam Rabies-HT (i-rabies yabantu i-immune globulin)
- I-HyperRab TM S / D (i-rabies yabantu i-immune globulin)
Ukwelashwa kufanele kuqalwe ngaphandle kokulibala futhi kungakapheli izinsuku ezingu-10 emva kokuvezwa. Ukudubula kokuqala kuka-HRIG kanye nomuthi wokugoma wama-rabies kunikezwa ngokushesha; Izijovo ezintathu ezengeziwe zokugoma zinikezwa izinsuku ezintathu, eziyisikhombisa, nezinsuku ezingu-14 kamuva.
Imiphumela emibi ngokuvamile ibumnene futhi ingabandakanya ubuhlungu besayithi kanye nomkhuhlane omncane.
Ukuvimbela
Kukhona imithi emibili ye-rabies evunyelwe ukusetshenziswa e-United States, kokubili eyenziwa ngegciwane elingasebenzi elingabangela ukutheleleka:
- Imovax (umuthi wokugoma we-diploid cell)
- I-RabAvert (umuthi wokugoma we-chicken embryo ohlanzekile )
Bobabili banikezwa umjovo emisipha yengalo engenhla ngamanani amathathu. Ngemuva kokudubula kokuqala, okwesibili kunikezwa izinsuku eziyisikhombisa kamuva, kanti okwesithathu unikezwa izinsuku ezingu-14 kuya kwezingu-21 emva kwalokho.
Ngenkathi imiphumela emibi ivame ukuba mnene (kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu bezinsizakalo zesisindo, isizungu, isisu, nesisindo), abanye abantu baye baziwa ukubhekana nesifo esibi kakhulu esingase sibulale esibizwa ngokuthi i-anaphylaxis. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi i-RabAvert kufanele igwenywe kubantu abane-eggergy eyaziwayo futhi bayashintshwa yi-Imovax.
Ngokuvamile, uchungechunge lwe-rabies lokugoma lunikeza iminyaka eyi-10 yokuvikelwa komzimba. Kulabo abasengozini enkulu yokudonswa kwama-rabies, ama-booster shots anganikezwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kuya eminyakeni emibili, njengoba kudingeka. Abantu abasengozini enkulu bahlanganisa:
- Labo abathintana njalo nezilwane zasendle ezindaweni lapho kutholakala khona ingozi ye-rabies (kubandakanya izikhulu zasendle zasendle, izilwane zezilwane, abaphathi bezilwane, nama-spelunkers ama-cave)
- Abahambi bamazwe angaphandle abazohlangana nezilwane ezingxenyeni zomhlaba lapho izidakamizwa zikhona khona
Izwi elivela
Impumelelo eyenziwa yizikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi ekulawuleni izidakamizwa e-United States ayiyona ingxenye enkulu yokugoma okufuywayo kwezilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo. Wonke umbuso unemithetho yokugoma i-rabies ngaphandle kweKansas, Missouri, nase-Ohio. Lokho kusho ukuthi phakathi kwalabo abakwenzayo, imithetho ingahluka ngesikhathi sokugonywa, isidingo sokuthi isibhamu siphakamise, nokuthi izinja zidinga kodwa amakati akwenzi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imithetho yombuso wakho isho ukuthini, kubalulekile ukuvikela isilwane sakho futhi ulandele umyalelo wokugoma wama-rabies ohlinzekwa yi-American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA).
Kulokhu, zonke izinja, amakati, nama-ferrets kufanele zinikezwe umthamo owodwa wokugoma i-rabies hhayi ngaphambi kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, kulandelwa i-booster edutshulwa konyaka, kanti ezinye izibhamu eziphakanyisiwe zinikezwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emithathu.
Ngokuvikela isilwane sakho, uzophinde uvikele umndeni wakho nomphakathi wakho.
> Imithombo:
> I-American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). Ukugonywa kwamaRabi. Ichiwood, Colorado; ikhishwe ngo-2017.
> Amasevisi Okulawula Nokuvimbela Izifo (CDC). AmaRabi Abantu. I-Atlanta, Georgia; ibuyekezwe ngo-Agasti 23, 2017.
> CDC. Ukunakekelwa Kwezilonda ZamaRabi - I-Human Rabies Immune Globulin. Kubuyekezwe ngomhla ka-23 Mashi, 2016.
> Wenasaf, M .; Qasim, M .; UZia, S. et al. I-rabies vilology yamangqamuzana, ukuxilongwa, ukuvimbela, nokwelapha. Ukuphulukisa J. 2012; 9: 50. INGABE 10.1186 / 1743-422X-9-50.