Izimpawu zesifo somdlavuza ongasondleki zingase zihlanganise nobunzima bokugwinya, ukubuyisela ukudla, ukushaya isisu, ukulahlekelwa isisindo, nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Izimpawu ezingavamile ezifana ne-hiccups, i-pneumonia, noma i-lymph nodes ekhulisiwe entanyeni nangaphezulu kwe-collarbone kungenzeka ngenxa yokusakazeka komdlavuza. Ukuqaphela izimpawu ezingabonakala kubalulekile, njengoba abantu abaningi basebenza ukubhekana nabo (bathi, ngokudla ukudla okunomsoco ngaphezulu) ngaphambi kokubona ukuthi banenkinga.
Izimpawu Ezivamile
Ngasekuqaleni kwesifo, abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbalwa zomdlavuza we-esophageal. Uma izimpawu ziqala ukwenzeka, eziningi zazo zibangelwa isisu esinciphisa isisu, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukudla ukuba kudlule. Izimpawu ezivamile zihlanganisa:
Ukubunzima Ukuthungatha
Ukunzima ukugwinya (i-dysphagia) yisifo esivame kakhulu somdlavuza we-esophageal, okwenzeka ngamaphesenti angu-90 kuya kuma-95% abantu abanezifo zesifo. Uma lesi sifo sinciphisa ngenxa yomdlavuza, ukudla kungase kunzima kakhulu ukudlula endleleni eya esiswini. Uma ukudla kuhla, umuntu angase abe nomuzwa wokuthi kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile, ukwenza ukuzwa "kokubanjwa kokudla" noma ukuhoxisa umuntu ukuba amambe. Lokho kusho ukuthi i-esophagus ivame ukucaciswa ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.
Ukubhekana nezinselelo ngokuvamile kuqala ngeziqephu ezinkulu zokudla okuqinile (ikakhulukazi inyama, isinkwa, nemifino eluhlaza), kepha kungabe sekubi kakhulu ukufaka ukudla okuyisimiso kanye nokugcina uketshezi.
Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, abantu abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi sebevele baqala ukulungisa ukudla kwabo ngokungazi, befuna ukudla ngokugcwele futhi bagweme ukudla okungenzeka ukuthi banamathela.
Ukuthungatha Okubuhlungu
Ukwehlisa kungase kube nobuhlungu (i-odynophagia) yabantu abangaba ngu-20%.
Ubuhlungu bungase buzwakale phakathi nezikhathi ezimbalwa zokugwinya lapho ukudla noma uketshezi kufinyelela ku-tumor futhi ngeke kudlule. Ubuhlungu bungase kwenzeke uma umdlavuza ubangela isifo esivulekile emgodini wesifo, noma uma sihlasela izicubu ezizungezile. Ubuhlungu phakathi kwamahlombe ehlombe ngemuva noma okuso sonke esifubeni kungase kuvezwe ngokugwinya.
Ukuvuselelwa kokudla noma ukuvota
Lapho ukudla kungeke kudlula kalula ngokusebenzisa isisu, kungase kubuye kuphelele futhi kungaphenduliwe. Lokhu kwenzeka ezingxenyeni ezingamaphesenti angu-40 zabantu abanomdlavuza we-esophageal. Ukuvuthwa kokudla noma igazi kungase kwenzeke, ikakhulukazi uma isisu siqala ukuphuma.
Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe
Ukulahleka kwesisindo okungenhloso kungumuthi ovamile wesifo somdlavuza osongelayo, okhona engxenyeni yabantu ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa. Ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo okungenasisekelo kuchazwa njengokulahlekelwa kwamaphesenti angu-5 wesisindo somzimba noma ngaphezulu kwenyanga eyisithupha kuya kweyishumi nambili. Isibonelo singaba owesifazane ophakathi kwamaphilenti angama-150 alahlekelwa amaphilisi angu-7.5 esikhathini esiyizinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokushintsha kokudla noma ukuzivocavoca. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo kungabangelwa kokubili kokuntuleka komsoco ngenxa yokugwinya ubunzima kanye nesimiso somzimba ngokwawo.
Ukukhwehlela, Ukuhlunguphazwa Kwesikhumba, nokuziphendulela
Inzwa yokushisa noma ubuhlungu ngemuva kwesifuba ( ukushaya inhliziyo ) kuvamile, futhi ngokuvamile (okuqala ekuqaleni) kuqala emva kokudla okukhulu.
Lokhu kungaba uphawu oluyinselele njengoba ukuguquka kwenhliziyo nakho kuyisibonakaliso se-acid reflux (isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal, GERD), isifo esivamile somdlavuza we-esophageal . Kulabo abane-acid reflux, ukuguqulwa kwekhwalithi noma ubunzima bezimpawu zokushaya inhliziyo kungase kubonise ukuthi kukhona umdlavuza.
Ngokuhambisana nokuvutha, abanye abantu bazizwa becindezela esifubeni futhi besaba ukuthi bane-heart attack. Njengoba isifo senhliziyo kwabesifazane ngokuvamile siveza izimpawu ezingacacile, njengalezo okuxoxwe ngazo nje, izimpawu zokushisa nokucindezela esifubeni kufanele zihlolwe njalo ngudokotela.
Isikhwama Esiqhubekayo
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kutholakala kubantu abangamaphesenti angu-20 abantu abatholakala benomdlavuza we-esophageal.
Ukukhwehlela kuvame ukomile futhi kuphazamise futhi kungase kwenzeke noma yisiphi isikhathi sosuku. Ukugaya kungase kubi kakhulu emva kokudla (okuvame ukuhlobene nenye yezinkinga zomdlavuza we-esophageal) noma kungabi nobuhlobo bokudla.
Ukuthuthumela
Ukuzwa kwesibindi , ukulahlekelwa kwezwi, noma isidingo sokususa umphimbo wakho njalo kungase kube uphawu lokuqala lwesifo, ikakhulukazi uma kungekho imbangela ebonakalayo njengokutheleleka kokuphefumula okwedlule. Ukuvame ukuvame ukuvame ukuvela lapho isifo sikhombisa isifo esibizwa ngokuthi i-laryngeal nererve.
Isala elidlulele
Ukuze usize ukudlulisa ukudla ngokusebenzisa isisu, umzimba wenza amathe amaningi. Njengoba kuba nzima ukugwinya, umzimba uveza amathe amaningi ukuze ahlawule.
Ama-Black Stools
Tarry, izitshalo ezimnyama , ezibizwa ngokuthi i-melena, kungenzeka ngenxa yokuphuma kwegazi. Igazi elisuka ku-esophagus kanye ne-upper digestive tract liphendulela abamnyama ngenxa yokuvezwa kwesisu esiswini.
Izimpawu ezijwayelekile
Kukhona okungavamile, kodwa izimpawu ezibalulekile zomdlavuza we-esophageal. Eziningana zalezi zindawo zenzeka ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-tumor zibe nezicubu eziseduze noma zisakaze kwezinye izifunda zomzimba.
AmaHiccups
Ama-hiccups angase ayenze uma isisu se-esophageal singena emlonyeni we-phrenic noma i-diaphragm. Ukucasula kwalezi zakhiwo kubangelwa ukuphikisana okuphindaphindiwe kwesimiso.
Ukuphelelwa umoya
Abantu bangase bazwe ukuphefumula ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwendawo yesisu esifubeni noma ekufuneni kanye ne-pneumonia elandelayo.
I-Lymph Nodes Ekhulisiwe
Ama-lymph nodes avuvukayo angase avele endaweni engaphezu kwe-collarbone (ama-node angaphezu kwesigqila) noma intanyeni (i-lymph nodes).
Ubumnene Phezu Kwamabhomu
Ukusakazeka komdlavuza emathanjeni (amathambo ayisithupha) kungabangela ububele nobuhlungu phezu kwamathambo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphuka kungase kwenzeke endaweni yethanga elincipha. Ukusakaza emathanjeni kungabangela nezinga eliphezulu le-calcium egazini (i- hypercalcemia ) engabangela ukuhlukunyezwa kwamasipha, ubuthakathaka nokudideka.
Ukuhlungu obusemhlane
Ubuhlungu bebukhoma buvame kakhulu emdlashweni ophezulu we-esophageal ngenxa yokuhlasela kwesimila endaweni emkhatsini wamaphaphu (i- mediastinum ) noma phakathi kwezingqimba ezibeka inhliziyo (i- pericardium ).
Izinkinga
Kunezinkinga eziningana ezingase zenzeke ngomdlavuza we-esophageal. Ezinye zazo zivela ngenxa yokubandakanyeka kwendawo, njengokunciphisa kanye / noma ukuguguleka kwesimo. Ezinye zingase zenzeke ngenxa yokusabalalisa kwesisu, kanti ezinye zihlangene nobunzima bokuthola ukudla okunomsoco ngokwanele. Izinkinga ezingase zibandakanye:
Ukuvinjelwa Kwe-Esophageal
Ukuvimbela isisu kuvamile kakhulu futhi kuvame ukuholela ezimpawu eziholela ekuxilongweni. Kubantu abaningi abanesifo, ukubekwa kwe-stent esophageal kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ukudla. Ama-tubes epulasitiki asezingeni elivamile (noma njengenye indlela, izinqubo zesikhathi lapho i-hoop ihlanjululwa khona) ngokuvamile kubangela izinkinga eziningi, njenge-perforation. Amasu amasha, njengama-splints ensimbi yokwandisa namadivaysi e-anti-reflux, anikeza isisombululo esingcono kakhulu kule nkinga evamile.
I-tracheoesophageal Fistula
I-fistula (indlela engavamile) ingaba phakathi kwe-hoop and trachea , i-tube emkhatsini womlomo ne-bronchi yamaphaphu, ngenxa yokuhlasela kwe-tumor nokuvutha. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, okuqukethwe okuvela ku-esophagus kungadlula ngqo emthonjeni bese kuthi amaphaphu. Uma sikhona, i-fistula ye-tracheoesophageal ngokuvamile ibangela ukukhwehlela ngokugwinya kanye ne-pneumonia. Ukwelashwa kungabandakanya ukubeka ama-stents ku-esophagus kanye / noma ku-trachea. Amasu amasha, njengokubeka amagagasi asesimweni ngaphakathi kwe- bronchi , angase acatshangelwe.
I-Aortoesophageal Fistula
Isimo esingavamile, kodwa isimo esisongela ukuphila singase senzeke lapho i-fistula ifaka phakathi kwesigcawu ne-aorta, isitsha esikhulu segazi esithwala igazi kusukela enhliziyweni kuya emzimbeni wonke. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ngokuvamile sekuphelile esifundeni sesifo, izimpawu zivame ukumangalisa ngegazi elibomvu elikhanyayo emlonyeni nasebuhlungu esifundeni esiphakathi kwesifuba. Uma kutholakala ngokushesha, ukuhlinzwa okusheshayo ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuxazululwe i-fistula.
Ukuphefumula Pneumonia
Ukukhetha ukudla noma i-fistula ngokuvamile kuholela ekuphefumuleni kokuqukethwe kwesisu nesisu kuya emaphashini. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungaholela ekuthandeni i-pneumonia , isimo esivame ukuba sidinga izifo zokwelashwa nezidakamizwa.
Ukulimaza (ukukhipha)
Ukuphuma okukhulu kwegazi kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yesilonda kanye / noma ukuguqulwa kwesifo, noma njengenkinga yokubekwa kwe-stent. Izinketho zizoxhomeka esimweni kodwa zingabandakanya i-cautery (ukuvutha imithwalo yegazi egazini).
Ukungondleki
Ukuxilongwa okuvamile kakhulu komdlavuza wokuphelelwa yisisu kungondleki ngenxa yokunciphisa ikhono lokudla nokugwinya ukudla. Lokhu kungadinga ithuluzi lokudla, elibekwe ngekhala noma ngesisu, ukuhlinzeka ukudla okunomsoco.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela
Kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho uma unezinkinga ezibalwe ngenhla. Ngenkathi kunezimbangela eziningi ezingabangela iziningi zalezi zimpawu, kubalulekile ukufuna izimpendulo ukuze ukwelashwa okufanele kuqalwe kungakhathaliseki imbangela. Izimpawu zindlela yomzimba wakho wokukuxwayisa ezinkingeni ezingenzeka. Khuluma nodokotela wakho, futhi uma ungatholi izimpendulo, cela futhi. Ukuba ummeli wakho siqu kungenza umehluko omkhulu-ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlukahluka kokuphila nokufa-ekutholeni ukunakekelwa okudingayo nokufanelwe.
> Imithombo:
> Society of American of Clinical Oncology. I-Cancer Esophageal: Izimpawu Nezibonakaliso. Kubuyekezwe i-12/2016. https://www.cancer.net/cancer-types/esophageal-cancer/symptoms-and-signs
> Bast, R., Croce, C., Hait, W. et al. Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine. UWiley Blackwell, ngo-2017.
> Zhou, C., Hu, Y., Xiao, Y., noWin Yin. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje Kwe-Tracheoesophageal Fistula. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezokwelapha Emzimbeni Wokuphefumula . 2017. 11 (4): 173-180.