I-trachea yi-tube enkulu ye-air ehola i-larynx (ibhokisi lezwi) eya e- bronchi (iminyango ehamba phambili ephezulu yamaphaphu).
Isakhiwo
I-trachea yenziwe ngamasongo we-cartilage futhi ingaba amasentimitha amane ubude no-1 intshi ububanzi.
Umsebenzi
I-trachea isebenza njengendlela yokuvumela ukuhamba emoyeni kusuka esifundeni sebhokisi lezwi emigwaqweni yokuphefumula esemqoka (i-bronchi) engena emaphashini.
Imibandela Yezokwelapha
I-trachea ingahileleka kwezokwelapha ngezimo eziningana. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- I-tracheitis - I-Tracheitis iyisifo se-trachea esivame ukubangelwa yi-bacapia Staphylococcus aureus. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane futhi kungenza kube nzima ukuphefumula.
- Umzimba wezilwane wangaphandle - Lokhu kwenzeka uma umzimba wangaphandle uphefumulelwa (ufunwa) ngomlomo futhi ufakwe emthonjeni. Kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane, kepha kungenzeka futhi nakubantu asebekhulile, noma labo abaye banciphisa izinga lokuqonda nganoma yisiphi isizathu.
- Umdlavuza we- tracheal - I-Cancer ye-trachea ayivami kakhulu. Lezi zomshukela zivamise ukugubha ama-squamous cell carcinomas futhi zivame ukuhlobene nokubhema.
- I-fostula ye-Tracheoesophageal - Ngokuvamile, indlela engavamile ebizwa ngokuthi i-fistula ingase ikhule phakathi kwe-trachea ne-oophagus. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukudla okudlula ku-esophag kungangena ku-trachea, futhi ngemva kwalokho amaphaphu. Lokhu kungenzeka uma umdlavuza ukhona, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wesifo esiqeda izindonga ze-trachea evumela le ndlela engavamile ukuthuthukisa. Ezinganeni, i-fistula ye-tracheoesophageal ingase ikhule kanye nokwakheka okungaphelele kwesimiso (i-esophageal atresia.) Ingane eyodwa kwezingu-4,000 izalwa ngalezizinto ezingavamile. Ngokujabulisayo, lokhu manje kuyaphilika ngosizo lwethimba lokuhlinzeka labafundi abanamakhono.
- I-tracheal stenosis - Uma i-trachea ibonakalisiwe, ukukhwabanisa kungase kuthuthuke futhi i-trachea ingaba yancipha.
- I-Tracheobronchomalacia - I-Tracheobronchomalacia yisimo esingavamile lapho i-trachea iwela khona ngokwayo ngesikhathi sokuphefumula nokukhwehlela. Kwenzeka njalo kaningi njengenkinga ye-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) futhi ingase ibe khona njengenkinga yokukhulumisana okungapheli-ngokuvamile ukuzwa isikhathi eside. Ezinganeni, kungenzeka ukuthi zikhona kusukela ekuzalweni njenge-syndrome enezinye izinto ezingavamile.
Izinqubo
- Ukunciphisa ukudoba - Uma i-trachea iyancipha ngenxa yokwehluleka nokuvuvukala, kungase kubekwe izinsimbi ezithinta i-trachea.
- I-endotracheal intubation - Uma isiguli singakwazi ukuphefumula yedwa, njengesikhathi sokuhlinzwa jikelele, ithubhu lokugcina ingasetshenziswa emlonyeni nasesitokisini. Le tube isuke ixhunywe kumshini wokumisa umoya ukuze kuvumele ukuphefumula kwenzeke.
- I-Tracheostomy - I-tracheostomy yindlela yokuhlinzwa lapho i-endotracheal.tube ifakwa ngqo ku-trachea. Isetshenziselwa ukufaka isikhala emlonyeni noma emlonyeni nge tube endotracheal akunakwenzeka, noma uma kudingwa ukwesekwa isikhathi eside (njengalapho umuntu ehlangabezana nokungazi lutho kanye ne-coma.) Ezinye izimo lapho i-tracheostomy ingasetshenziswa khona faka izicubu ezibangela ukuvinjelwa kwe-windpipe, i-epiglottitis, ukuhlukumezeka ngokulimala kwesibindi, noma ukulimala komgogodla. Ngaphandle kokunikeza ukufinyelela kwe-ventilation, i-tracheostomy ingasetshenziselwa ukususa imfihlo evela emoyeni.
Futhi eyaziwa ngokuthi: i- windpipe
Izibonelo: Ukukhwehlela kukaJoe bekulokhu kukhula kakhulu emasontweni ambalwa adlule, futhi i-oncologist yakhe ithole ukuthi umdlavuza wakhe wamaphaphu usakazeke emthonjeni wakhe.
> Imithombo:
> I-Memorial Sloan-Kettering Center Cancer. Ukuhlukunyezwa kwe-Tracheal. https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/types/tracheal-diseases/diagnosis-treatment-msk/reating-tracheal-stenosis
> National Cancer Institute. I-SEER Training Module. I-Larynx ne-Trachea. https://training.seer.cancer.gov/anatomy/respiratory/passages/larynx.html
> I-Seattle Children's Hospital. I-tracheoesophageal fostula kanye ne-atresia esophageal. http://www.seattlechildrens.org/medical-conditions/chromosomal-genetic-conditions/tef-and-ea/
> US Library of Medicine. I-MedlinePlus. Tracheitis. Kubuyekezwe 02/07/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000988.htm