Kungaba yini isizathu sokukhwehlela kwakho?
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela okungapheli kuyimpawu evamile ngezizathu eziningi ezikhona. Imiphumela ecasulayo yokukhwehlela, njengokulahlekelwa ubuthongo, imisipha yesifuba esiswini, nokuvuza umchamo kungathinta izinga lakho lokuphila futhi liphazamise imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
Uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kuqhubeka, ungase uzibuze ukuthi kungaba yini okubi ngaphezu kokubandayo noma ukugula.
Kusho ukuthini uma unomkhuhlane ongeke uhambe?
Incazelo yenhlawulo eqhubekayo
Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kuchazwa ngokuthi ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo isikhathi esingamaviki angu-8 noma ngaphezulu. Ukukhwehlela kungase kube okomile noma okukhiqizayo, ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka noma abaningi bangabikhokhisi i-mucus (sputum). Ukukhwehlela nakho kungabizwa ngokuthi "okungapheli," "ukuhlala isikhathi eside," noma "ukugxila."
Ukukhwehlela "okunamandla", ngokuphambene nalokho, kubhekisela ekukhwehleleni okugcina amasonto angaphansi kwangu-8, njengalawo okwenzeka ngobandayo.
Izizathu Ezingenzeka
Kunezimbangela eziningi ezingabangela ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo. Ngisho noma izimbangela ezivame kakhulu azivamile, kubalulekile ukukhuluma ngezinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi kulabo abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50. Inani elibalulekile labantu abathola ukuthi banomdlavuza wamaphaphu kuqala baxilongwa- ngephutha-ngezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu.
Izimbangela Eziningi Ezivamile Zesikhuthazo Esiqhubekayo
Isiqu esithi "izinto ezijwayelekile zivamile" ngokuvamile isinyathelo sokuqala uma ubona udokotela wakho ngokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo.
Izimbangela ezintathu ezivame kakhulu (kumuntu "omaphakathi") zifaka:
- Ukudonsa komzimba okuvela e-hay fever (rhinitis ye-allergen), izifo zesinus, ama-polyp nasal, noma ezinye izimo yimbangela ejwayelekile kakhulu yokukhwehlela okungapheli. Zonke lezi zibizwa nangokuthi "izinyathelo ezingenhla". Uma unesifo se-allergen esiphuthumayo, ungase ubhale iphethini ekukhwehleleni, kodwa unyaka wonke izimbangela ze-allergies angeke ziphakamise iphethini.
- I-asthma. Nakuba abantu abane-asthma bavame ukuba nezinye izimpawu, njengokungena ngesisu nokuphefumula, kwabanye abantu abane-asthma ukukhwehlela yilo kuphela uphawu (i -asthma ekhwehlela ).
- I-reflux ye-Acid. Isifo se-reflux se-gastroesophageal (GERD) yisisusa esithathu esivamile kakhulu sokukhwehlela okungapheli futhi kuvame ukunakwa. Kwabanye abantu, izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezifana nokuphuza komzimba kungase kungabi khona, futhi uphawu olulodwa kuphela lungaba umkhuhlane ongapheli. Ukukhwehlela ngenxa ye-GERD ngokuvamile kubi kakhulu ebusuku ngemuva kokulala embhedeni.
- I-bronchitis ye-Eosinophilic. Ngisho noma abantu abaningi bengakazwa nge-bronchitis eosinophilic, ingenye yezimbangela ezine eziphezulu zokukhwehlela okungapheli kubantu abadala. I-bronchitis ye-Eosinophilic ifana ne-asthma ngezindlela ezithile ngokusekelwe kohlobo lwamasosha omzimba akhona, kodwa lawa maseli adonselwa engxenyeni ehlukile yomoya. Ukuxilongwa kungaba yinkinga kakhulu njengoba ukuhlolwa kwe-lung function ngokuvamile kuvamile, kodwa isimo ngokuvamile siphenduka kuma-steroids angatholakali.
Izimbangela Eziningi Ezivamile Zesikhuthazo Esiqhubekayo Ezinganeni Uminyaka 6 ukuya ku-14
Izimbangela zokukhwehlela okungapheli emntwaneni omncane kakhulu ezingaphezu kwalesi sihloko, kodwa izimbangela ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni ezingu-6 kuya kwezingu-14 ubudala esifundweni se-2017 yizi:
- I-asthma (futhi ohlwini lwabantu abadala).
- I-bronchitis ye-bacterium ephuzile (umqondo we-baconial bronchitis ohlala isikhathi eside kunomkhuba wendabuko "wezinsuku ezingu-10 wemithi elwa namagciwane" kuye kwaphawulwa kamuva nje.
- Isifo se-airway somkhuhlane ophezulu (enezimbangela ezifana nalabo ababalwe ngabantu abadala ngaphezulu).
Ezinye Izimbangela Ezivamile Zomkhuhlane Oqhubekayo
- Ukubhema. Ngeshwa, ngokuvamile kunzima ukuhlukanisa "ukukhwehlela kokubhema" ekukhwehleleni ngenxa yezimo ezithile ezifana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
- Ukutheleleka. Isizathu esisodwa esivamile sokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kokukhwehlela ukukhwehlela (pertussis) . Izingane eziye zagonywa zingase zithole ukukhwehlela okukhwehlelayo futhi izigameko kubantu abadala zikhula. Emhlabeni wonke, isifo sofuba yisisusa esivamile kakhulu sokukhwehlela okungapheli, kanti izibalo e-United States zanda, ikakhulukazi kubantu abavela ezweni.
- Ezinye imithi, ikakhulukazi isigaba semithi esetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukucindezeleka kwegazi kanye nesifo senhliziyo. Abantu abangamaphesenti angu-10 kuya ku-20 abantu abaphathwa nge-ACE inhibitors baqala ukukhwehlela okungapheli . Izibonelo zifaka i-Vasotec (i-enalapril) no-Zestril (lisinopril).
- Ukukhwehlela okulandelako (okuphezulu kwe-airway cough syndrome). Ukukhwehlela ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuphele amasonto amaningi kulandela ukutheleleka okuphezulu kokuphefumula.
- I-bronchitis engapheli. I-bronchitis engapheli yindlela ye-COPD evame ukuvela kubantu ababhema kodwa futhi ingahlobene nokuchayeka kwemvelo nezinye izici.
Okuncane Okuvamile (Kodwa Okubalulekile) Izimbangela Zesikhuthazo Esiqhubekayo
- Umdlavuza we-Lung. Kuphela kokubili amaphesenti abantu abanekhwehlela ephikisanayo, umdlavuza wamaphaphu yisisusa esiyinhloko, futhi izici zokukhwehlela ezihlobene nomdlavuza wamaphaphu kungaba nzima ukuhlukanisa nokukhwehlela ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwemali, cishe amaphesenti angu-50 abantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu banomkhuhlane ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa.
- Ezinye izidumbu zamaphaphu ezinonya nezingozi. Ukukhwehlela okungapheli kungenzeka ngenxa yezinye izicubu esifubeni ezifana ne-lymphomas. Ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yamathambo ayisifo samaphaphu kusuka kwamanye amagciwane efana nomdlavuza webele, umdlavuza wekolon, umdlavuza wesibeletho, nomdlavuza wesifo sofuba.
- Izifo ezinamafutha ezifana ne- emphysema , i- bronchiectasis , ne-sarcoidosis.
- Izifo ze-Fungal ezifana ne-coccidiomycosis, i-histoplasmosis, nesifo sofuba.
- Inhaling into yangaphandle
- Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo
- I-Sarcoidosis. I-Sarcoidosis yisifo esingaqondakali kahle lapho i-granulomas ifaka kuwo wonke umzimba kufaka namaphaphu. Ngokuvamile kubangela ukukhwehlela owomile.
Kunezimbangela eziningi zokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo, kodwa iphuzu elibalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi kunezimbangela eziningi futhi ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kuyadingeka uma ukukhwehlela kwakho kungashiyi.
Nini Ukukhathazeka
Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngokukhwehlela okungapheliyo njengesifo somdlavuza wamaphaphu , futhi lokhu kungesizathu esihle. Cishe ingxenye yabantu abanomdlavuza wamaphaphu babe nokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, kanti amaphesenti amabili abantu abahambisa udokotela wabo abanomdlavuza ongapheli uyoba nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Njengamanje, isikhathi esiphezulu phakathi kokuqala kwezimpawu (njengokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo) kanye nokuxilongwa komdlavuza wamaphaphu cishe izinyanga ezingu-12, futhi siyazi ukuthi umdlavuza wamaphaphu uphephe kakhulu ezinkathini zokuqala.
Kunezinye zezindlela umkhwehlela we-cancer womaphaphu ungase uhluke ngayo, kodwa iqiniso liwukuthi kunezinqwaba eziningi, futhi awukwazi ngempela ukusho ekukhwehleleni yedwa uma ngabe umuntu kungenzeka abe nomdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi i- x-ray yesifuba ilula kalula umdlavuza wamaphaphu . Inani elibalulekile labantu abatholwa ukuthi banomdlavuza wamaphaphu babene "xs" esifubeni x-ray ngonyaka odlule ukuxilongwa kwabo.
Njengombhalo wokugcina mayelana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu, khumbula ukuthi abangewona abokubhema bathola umdlavuza wamaphaphu futhi , nomdlavuza wamaphaphu abasoze baphumela okwamanje njengesizathu esiyisithupha esiholela ekufeni okuhlobene nomdlavuza e-United States.
Nini Ukubona Udokotela Wakho
Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuqashwa kwabadokotela uma unomkhuhlane ophikelela, ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi kukhona isizathu sokuchaza ukukhwehlela kwakho, njengokuqhubeka ukubhema noma ukugula. Kumele ushayele udokotela wakho masinyane uma uzwa ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula noma ubuhlungu obukhulu, noma ukukhwehlela igazi.
Imibuzo udokotela wakho angase abuze ihlanganisa:
- Ube ukhahlela isikhathi esingakanani?
- Ingabe ukukhwehlela kuye kwanda kakhulu?
- Ingabe ukukhwehlela kuyaqina noma kuyafika futhi kuhamba?
- Ingabe kubi kakhulu ngemva kokudla noma kubi nakakhulu ebusuku?
- Ingabe ukukhwehlela kuyomile, noma ngabe ukhwehlela uphlegm (mucus)?
- Uke wakhukhula igazi ?
- Yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ozibonayo? Isibonelo, umkhuhlane, ukuphefumula , izimpawu zokungenwa kwemvelo , ukuvuthwa kwegazi , noma ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esingachaziwe ?
- Yiziphi ezinye izinkinga zempilo onayo?
- Ingabe omunye komndeni wakho unempawu ezifanayo? Unomlando womndeni we-bronchitis, i-asthma, i-emphysema, noma umdlavuza wamaphaphu?
- Ingabe wena, noma uke wabhekana?
- Uke wavezwa yocingo lomsikazi ?
- Imiphi imithi oyithathayo (kufaka phakathi izithako zemithi)?
Ukuhlola
Ngokuya ngobukhulu bokukhwehlela kwakho, udokotela wakho uzoqala ukulawula izimpawu zakho ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile. Uzobe esincoma izivivinyo ukuze anqume imbangela.
Uzoqala ukuthatha umlando oqaphileyo, akubuze mayelana nanoma yiziphi izimo eziyingozi ezingase zidale ukukhwehlela kanye nokuthi usanda kuhamba yini. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kungenziwa ukuze ubuke noma yibuphi ubufakazi bokutheleleka.
I-x-ray isifuba ivame ukuqala kuqala, kodwa kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi isifuba-i-khethi ingase ingaphuthelwa ngezimbangela zokukhwehlela okungapheli. I-scan ye-CT inganika ulwazi oluthe xaxa uma ubheka ukubona ukuthi kukhona yini ubufakazi besifo noma isifo. Uma unesifo se-sinusitis, isithwebuli se-CT yesinasi sakho singanconywa. Okunye ukuhlolwa okungase kunconywe kuhlanganisa:
- Ukuhlolwa kobuchopho
- Umsebenzi wepulmonary uhlola ukuhlola izimo zamaphaphu njenge-asthma ne-emphysema
- Ukuhlolwa kwe-pH Esophageal ukuhlola okwamanje i-acid reflux njengesisusa esithile sokukhwehlela okuqhubekayo
- I-bronchoscopy ukuhlola izidumbu zangaphandle noma ukuhlola indlela yakho yokuhamba emoyeni
- I-Laryngoscopy ukuhlola umphimbo wakho nebhokisi lezwi
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kuzoxhomeka ekubangela imbangela, kanye nokukhwehlela kwakho okuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke.
Izwi elivela
Uma unomkhuhlane ongapheli, ukubaluleka kokuthola ukuhlolwa akukwazi ukugxila ngokwanele. Kungabangela ukukhathazeka, ikakhulukazi uma kungabonakali into ebonakalayo ekuvivinyweni, kodwa faka lapho. Ukukhwehlela okungapheli akuvamile.
Thola umbono wesibili uma ungazizwa sengathi uzwa, noma uma ungatholi izimpendulo. Izimbangela eziningi-ezinye zazo ezilukhuni ukuzitholela-ukukhwehlela okungapheli zidinga ukwelashwa, futhi ukwelashwa kungase kuphumelele uma lezi zitholakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
> Imithombo:
> Dabrowska, M., Grabczak, E., noM M. Arcimowicz. Izimbangela zeCough Chronic in Iziguli ezingezona ukubhema. Ukuthuthukiswa KweMithi Yezobuchwepheshe Nokuzivocavoca. 2015. 873: 25-33.
> Damaraju, D., Steiner, T., Wade, J., Gin, K. noMnu FitzGerald. Isizathu Esimangalisa Sesikhukhula Esingapheli. I-New England Journal of Medicine. 2015. 4 = 373: 561-566A
> Gibson, P., Wang, G., McGarvey, L., Vertigan, A., Altman, K., noS S. Birring. Ukwelashwa Kwesikhumba Esingakahleleki Esingaqondakali: Umbiko WOKUPHILA kanye ne-Umbiko wePanethi yezobuchwepheshe. Isifuba. 2016. 149 (1): 27-44.
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: Mc Graw Hill Education, 2015. Phrinta.
> Michaudet, C., noJ. Malaty. Isikhukhula Esingapheli: Ukuhlolwa Nokuphathwa. I-American Family Physician . 2017. 96 (9): 575-580.