Izimbangela Zokuphuza Kokuphefumula Nesikhathi Sokukhathazeka
Ukuphefumula kuyisifo esivamile esenza abantu bavakashele udokotela wabo. Lesi sibonakaliso singase sifike ngokushesha noma size kancane kangangokuthi asiqapheli ekuqaleni.
Uma uthola ukuphefumula, lokho akusho ukuthi kufanele ngempela ukhathazeke ngomdlavuza wamaphaphu noma izimo ezinzulu ezifana nesifo senhliziyo. Kunezimbangela eziningi zokuphefumula.
Noma kunjalo, njengoba "okungajwayelekile" kubangela ukuphefumula ngokuvamile kuvunyelwe, kubalulekile ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela wakho ukuthola ukuthi kungani imbangela.
Qaphela: Nini Ukufuna Ukunakekelwa Ngokushesha
Uma ukuphefumula kwakho kunzima kakhulu, kwafika ngokuzumayo, noma kuhlotshaniswa nezimpawu zesifo somswakama, ukukhwehlela igazi, ubuhlungu obukhulu, ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, noma ukubomvu kwemilenze yakho ephansi, noma uma uzizwa sengathi kukhona into engalungile ( umzwelo wezaziso ezizayo), yeka ukufunda nokubiza 911. Ezinye zezimbangela zokuphefumula zingasongela impilo futhi zidinga ukwelapha ngokushesha. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi udinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo, phutha eceleni kokuqapha.
Sibutsetelo
Asinayo incazelo ecacile yokuphefumula, kodwa abantu abaningi bachaza lesi sibonakaliso njengesizwa esibucayi sobunzima ngokuphefumula. Ungaba nomuzwa wokuthi awukwazi ukuthola umoya okwanele noma ukuthi kuthatha umzamo ongaphezu kokuvame ukuphefumula.
Abanye abantu baphinde bachaze ukuzwa kwesisu esifubeni. Ukuphefumula kungafika ngokujulile endabeni yemizuzu noma amahora; noma ngokungapheli izinsuku, amasonto, izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka.
Imigomo Yezokwelapha
Uma ufunda mayelana nokuphefumula, ungahle udideke yiwo wonke amagama asetshenziselwa ukuchaza lesi simpawu.
Ukugijima okusheshayo kweminye yale migomo kufaka:
- I-Dyspnea ibhekisela ekuzweleni kokuphefumula
- I-Tachypnea ibhekisela ekuphefumuleni okusheshayo noma ngaphandle kokuzwa ukuphefumula
- I-Bradypnea isho izinga lokuphefumula elincane
Izinga lokuphefumula evamile kubantu abadala libhekwa njengephakathi kuka-12 no-18 ukuphefumula ngomzuzu ngenkathi kuphumula abantu abadala, futhi kuhluka nezingane kuye ngokuthi kuneminyaka yobudala. Izinga lokuphefumula lithathwa njengabanye ukuba "uphawu olubaluliwe" oluphawulekayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi linganika ulwazi lwakho udokotela oluthe xaxa kunomshini wegazi noma ukushayela kwakho ngokubhekisisa kokugula. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ungase uzwe ukuphefumula ngesilinganiso sokuphefumula, noma esikhundleni salokho, ungaba nesilinganiso sokuphefumula esingavamile kodwa ungaboni ukuphefumula okunzima.
Izimbangela
Ezingamaphesenti angu-85 zabantu, izimo ezihlobene nenhliziyo namaphaphu ziphethwe umoya wokuphefumula. Yize iningi lethu licabanga ngamapayipi ethu kuqala uma sizizwa siphefumula, izimo zenhliziyo zidinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela. Eqinisweni, isifundo esibheka abantu ababenomoya wokuphefumula njengesifo sabo kuphela sesifo senhliziyo saba nomthelela omkhulu wokufa kunelabo ababa nobuhlungu obukhulu besifuba.
Ezinye zezimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- I-asthma
- I-COPD
- Ukuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo
- Ukugqama kwamapulmonary , i-clot yegazi ephuma kwenye i-clot yegazi (ejulile i-vein thrombosis) emilenzeni noma ekhanda futhi ihambela emaphashini
- Izifo ezifana ne-bronchitis ne-pneumonia
- Ukuhluleka kwenhliziyo ukulahla
- I-Pneumothorax, ukuwa kwamaphaphu
Ezinye izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- Ukubhema
- I-anemia: Nge-anemia, ungase uqaphele ukukhathala, isikhumba esikhuphukile, nokukhishwa kwesikhumba
- Izimo ze-thyroid: Kokubili i-hyperthyroidism ne-hypothyroidism kungabangela ukuphefumula
Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zokuphefumula zingafaka:
- Izicubu ezinobuthi nezinhlungu, kuhlanganise nomdlavuza wamaphaphu: Esikhathini esidlule, ukukhwehlela okuqhubekayo noma ukukhwehlela igazi kwakuyizimpawu ezivame kakhulu zomdlavuza wamaphaphu. Isizathu esivame kakhulu somdlavuza wamaphaphu ngalesi sikhathi, i-lung adenocarcinoma, ngokuvamile idala ukuphefumula okuyisibonakaliso sokuqala. Khumbula ukuthi iningi labantu abatholwa nomdlavuza wamaphaphu namuhla ababhemayo (mhlawumbe abazange bapheme noma bayeke isikhathi esithile esidlule).
- Ukukhathazeka nokuhlaselwa kwesifo (funda kabanzi mayelana nokuphefumula nokuphefumula kwesifuba okuhlobene nokuhlaselwa kwesaba)
- Izinto zihanjiswe ngengozi emaphashini
- Izinkinga ze-valve yenhliziyo
- I-reflux ye-Acid
- Ukusabela okwe-allergen (anaphylaxis)
- Izifo ze-neurological ezifana ne-multiple sclerosis
- Ezinye izifo zamaphaphu ezifana ne-sarcoidosis ne-bronchiectasis
- Ukungabi nokuzivivinya okuvamile: Ngaphambi kokuqeda ukuphefumula okubangelwa ukungasebenzi, khuluma nodokotela wakho.
Ukuxilongwa
Kubalulekile ukwenza i-aphoyintimenti ukubona udokotela wakho uma uthuthukisa ukuphefumula, ngisho noma ucabanga ukuthi kukhona isizathu esicacile sokuchaza izimpawu zakho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho noma ushayele u-911 ngokushesha uma unesifo esifubeni, uzizwe unesihloko esiphezulu noma uma izimpawu zakho zikhula ngokushesha.
Uma uvakashela udokotela wakho, uzothatha umlando ocophelelayo futhi ahlole ukuhlolwa komzimba. Eminye yemibuzo angazibuza ihlanganisa:
- Waqala nini ukuphefumula futhi waqale kanjani?
- Ingabe izimpawu zakho zenzeka ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma nje ngomsebenzi? Uma uzizwa ukhululekile ngomsebenzi, yimiphi imisebenzi ebonakala ibangela izimpawu zakho?
- Ingabe uzizwa unamandla kakhulu uma uhlezi phezulu noma ulele phansi?
- Unayo yini enye izimpawu, ezifana nobuhlungu besifuba, ukukhwehlela, ukushisa, ukushisa komlenze, ubuhlungu bomlenze, ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo noma ukungakhathali?
- Ingabe unomlando womndeni wakho kunoma yiziphi izinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu?
- Wake wake waphesa? Uma kunjalo, kungakanani?
- Uhambise uva nje ngemoto noma ngezindiza?
Ukuhlola
Ukuvivinya udokotela wakho ozongincoma kuyoxhomeka ezimpawu zakho ezithile kanye nokuthola okubonakalayo, kodwa kungase kufaka phakathi:
- I-oximetry ye-Pulse, uhlolo olwenziwe ngokubeka isikhwama somunwe wakho noma i-earlobe ukulinganisa inani le-oksijini egazini lakho
- I-electrocardiogram (EKG) yokuhlola izimpawu zesifo senhliziyo noma izilinganiso ezingenangqondo zenhliziyo
- I-X-ray yesifuba yokubheka izifo noma ukukhula emaphashini akho (khumbula ukuthi ama- x-rays e-plastle angabhekana nomdlavuza wamaphaphu ekuqaleni)
- Umsebenzi wegazi ukufuna i-anemia nezinye izimbangela
- Ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi ye-pulmonary ukuhlola i-asthma noma i-emphysema nezinye izimo zamaphaphu
Okunye ukuhlolwa kungabandakanya:
- I-CT scan yesifuba sakho
- Isivivinyo sokucindezeleka
- I-echocardiogram. Lokhu kuyi-ultrasound yenhliziyo yakho ukuhlola izinkinga nge-valves yakho yenhliziyo, ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iqine kangakanani futhi uma unayo izindawo ezilimele enhliziyweni yakho.
- I-bronchoscopy. I-bronchoscopy iyishubhu eguquguqukayo ebeka emlonyeni wakho bese phansi e-bronchi yakho ukuyofuna izicubu noma umzimba wangaphandle.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi udokotela wakho kufanele ahlole kanjani ukuphefumula (dyspnea) .
I-Dyspnea ne-COPD
Kulabo abaneCOPD, i-dyspnea ivamile kakhulu futhi izinga le-dyspnea onakho linganikeza ulwazi oluningi mayelana nobukhulu bokugula kwakho noma ukucindezela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, odokotela bavame ukusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i- modified medical research council dyspnea scale .
Ukwelapha
Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula kwakho kuzoxhomeka kuleso sizathu, kodwa isinyathelo esibaluleke kunazo zonke sokuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola umoya owanele wokunikeza izicubu zakho nge-oxygen abayidingayo. Emthini ophuthumayo, lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-ABC no-A emile yendiza, B emele ukuphefumula, no-C abamele ukujikeleza.
Ngabe Kuyinto Ephuthumayo?
Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube nzima ukwazi ukuthi ukuphefumula kwakho kungathí sina kangakanani, futhi yilapho kubalulekile ukuhamba nge-intuition yakho. Eqinisweni, ngezinye izikhathi ukuphefumula kanzima kakhulu kungaba yinto enobungozi, njenge-hyperventilation noma ukuhlasela kwe-panic, kodwa izimpawu ezincane kakhulu zingahlobene nezimbangela ezinkulu kakhulu. Uma ubuza ubiza 911 nhlobo, qhubeka futhi wenze kanjalo. Uma ungadingi usizo, lokho kulungile. Kodwa uma wenza kanjalo, awufuni ukulinda isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Izimpawu ezibonisa ukuthi ukuphefumula kungapheli, kodwa kufaka phakathi ubuhlungu besifuba, i-bluish tinge eminwe nasezintweni (cyanosis,) ukuvuvukala noma ukuzwa okugcwele emqaleni nasemlonyeni wakho, ukuhluleka ukukhuluma ngenxa yokuphefumula okunzima, ukwanda okusheshayo kwezibonakaliso zakho. Ungazami ukuzishayela ekunakekelweni okuphuthumayo noma ekamelweni eliphuthumayo, futhi kungcono ukushayela u-911 kunokuba umngane akushaye. Ekugcineni, ungakhohliswa uma izimpawu zakho zibonakala ziphuthumayo. Ukunciphisa izinga lokuqwashisa noma ukuhamba komzimba wangaphandle ofakwe endizeni yomoya kungenza ukuba izimpawu zivele zithuthuke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
> Imithombo:
> Kasper, uDennis L .., u-Anthony S. Fauci, noStephen L .. Hauser. Izimiso zikaHarrison zeMithi yangaphakathi. ENew York: imfundo kaMc Graw Hill, 2015. Print.
> I-National Institute of Health. I-Medline Plus. Inkinga Yokuphefumula. Kubuyekezwe 03/05/18. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003075.htm
> Nishino, T. Dyspnoea: izindlela ezisemqoka kanye nokwelashwa. I-British Journal ye-Anesthesia . 2011. 106 (4): 463-74.