Ngo-1986, ukuchithwa kwamandla enyukliya eNchernobyl ngaleso sikhathi ngaleso sikhathi iSoviet Union yanciphisa ama-radioactive particles lonke elase-Ukraine nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane. Izingane ezithinteka yi-radiation ziye zaziwa ngokuthi yizingane zeChernobyl. Nansi ukubuyiswa okufushane komcimbi kanye nezindaba zezempilo izingane zeChernobyl ezizobhekana nazo.
I-Nuclear Accident
Ngo-Ephreli 26, 1986, ngo-1: 23 ekuseni, ukuqhuma nomlilo kwenzeka ngo-Reactor Number 4 yesitshalo samandla enyukliya eChernobyl kulokho manje e-Ukraine. Ngaphambi kokuba onjiniyela nabososayensi bakwazi ukuyilawula, amathani angama-190 asakazwa kakhulu emsakazweni. Izinhlayiyana ezivuthayo ezivunguzayo azizange zikhule eChernobyl kuphela, kodwa lonke elase-Ukraine, kanye namazwe angomakhelwane aseBelarus naseRussia, futhi zawela kwezinye amazwe aseYurophu njengePoland. Ososayensi balinganisela ukuthi inani lezinhlayiya ezikhishwe lilingana nomphumela wamabhomu amabili enuzi. Ingozi yaseChernobyl iyisona senhlekelele yenuzi enkulu kunazo zonke ezikhona ngesikhathi sokuthula.
Imiphumela yezokwelapha
Imishanguzo emikhulu yabulala abantu abangu-31 ngesikhathi esifushane, ikakhulukazi abasebenzi bezitshalo nabantu abaseduze nendawo engozini eyenziwa yingozi yokushisa imishanguzo. Njengoba isikhathi sidlulile kwacaca ukuthi ingozi yayishiye izinkinga eziningi zempilo yesikhathi eside kubantu abahlala endaweni.
Lezi zinkinga zempilo zenziwe zimbi kakhulu ngenxa yobumpofu, ukungondleki kahle, nokuntuleka kokwelashwa esifundeni.
I-Cancer Yezingane Nezingane ZaseChernobyl
Iningi labantu emhlabeni wonke likhohliwe izenzakalo zika-1986. Kodwa abantu bakuleli ndawo bakhunjuzwa ngengozi yenuzi lapho bebuka abantu abasha abazalwa ngaleso sikhathi.
Labo ababekwe emazingeni aphezulu emisebe yelanga lapho bebaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 ubudala cishe banenkinga yempilo, kuhlanganise nokukhula okunamandla, impilo engamahle yamazinyo, kanye nezifo zokuzivikela komzimba. Izingane zaseChernobyl nazo ziphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi kunezinga elivamile lomdlavuza wegciwane .
Abacwaningi abavela eNyuvesi yasePennsylvania Medical Centre, abafundela iziguli zomdlavuza we-thyroid ezivela emazweni ashintshiwe, bathola ukuthi amaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-40 eziguli ayeneminyaka engu-4 ubudala noma encane ngesikhathi sengozi. Lesi yisikhathi lapho isikhumba se-thyroid sizwela kakhulu emisebeni ye-ionizing.
Izingane zaseChernobyl Namuhla
Izenzakalo zika-1986 ziyaqhubeka ziphazamisa izigidi zabantu abahlala endaweni yesigodi namuhla futhi izingane ezingaphezu kwesigidi zihlala ezindaweni ezisezingcolisiwe.
- E-Ukraine, izingane eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-6 000 zizalwa ngonyaka unesifo se-genetic heart.
- Unyaka ngamunye, izingane ezingaphezu kuka-3 000 zase-Ukraine ziyafa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezokwelapha.
- Kuye kwaba nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-200 ekukhubazeka kokuzalwa kanye nokwanda kwezingamaphesenti angu-250 ekuzalweni kokuzalwa kokubeletha kwabantwana abazalwa endaweni yokuwa kweChernobyl kusukela ngo-1986.
- EBelarus, izingane ezingamaphesenti angu-85 zithathwa njengezisulu zaseChernobyl (zithwala izimpawu zofuzo ezingathinta impilo yazo noma nini futhi zingadluliselwa ezinganeni zabo).
- I-UNICEF ithola ukwanda kwamazinga ezesifo sezingane, kube nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-38 ezithombeni ezimbi, ukukhuphuka kwamaphesenti angu-43 ezigulini zokujikeleza kwegazi kanye nokwanda kwamaphesenti angu-63 emathanjeni, emisipha, nasezinkingeni zesistimu ezihlangene.
Okushiwo yikusasa
Namuhla, izinhlangano ezifana neChernobyl Children International zisebenzela ukuhlinzeka ngemithi yokwelapha, imithi yokwelashwa, izingubo kanye nokunye ukusekelwa kwezingane zesifunda saseChernobyl. Akucaci ukuthi ikusasa labantwana besifunda saseChernobyl kuyoba yini, kodwa okwamanje, ezinye ziyizifo ezithokozile, ezinempilo, futhi eziqhubekayo ngenxa yokuphana kwalezi zinhlangano.
Imithombo:
I-Chernobyl Izingane Zomhlaba Wonke. (nd). Amaqiniso namanani.
I-Chernobyl Children Project USA
UMcGrory, B. "Ukukhathalela akukho mingcele." I-Boston Globe, ngo-July 27, 2001.
Ama-Reuters. "Umdlavuza we-Thyroid izikhathi ezingu-10 eziphakeme ezinganeni zaseChernobyl." Juni 30, 1999.