Izinhlobo ezihlukene ze-Cleft Palates

I-palate ye-cleft iyinkinga evamile yokukhubazeka ebusweni ebusweni abahlinzayo abahlinzeka nge- plastic . I-palate ye-cleft ibonakala ngengozi ephahleni lomlomo.

1 -

Iyini i-Palate Cleft?

I-palate ye-cleft iqala emntwaneni lapho ama-halves amabili enhlanhla engahlangani futhi aqhube phakathi. Ezimweni eziningi, kukhona umlomo ocacile. I-Cleft palate ibangela izinkinga ngokuthuthukiswa kwamazinyo, inkulumo, ukuzwa , ukudla nokuphuza. Ingane ingase ibhekane nemikhuhlane evamile, ilukhuni ezindlebeni, isisu somlomo, nezinkinga ngamathoni kanye ne-adenoids.

I-palate ye-cleft ihlukile kumlomo ocacile . Umlomo ocacile uthinta i-lip engenhla, kanti i-palate ecacile ithinta uphahla lomlomo. Akubona bonke abantu abane-palate ecacile abanomlomo ocacile, futhi akubona bonke abantu abane-palate ecacile abanomlomo ocacile. Kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu abe nomlomo ozwakalayo kanye ne-palate ye-cleft.

Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi i-palate evamile ibonakala kanjani. Uzofunda futhi ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlanzi zokuqhafaza - ziphelele ngokungahambisani nazo. Ukuqedela kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlunga emlonyeni kuhilela ubude bomlenze wonke. I-palate engaphelele ihilela kuphela ingxenye engemuva yelungu. I-palate ye-cleft nayo ingabambisana noma ibe ngamanye amazwe . I-Unilateral isho ukuthi i-palate ine-cleft ohlangothini olulodwa. Izindlela zokubambisana zikhona ukuthi kukhona umcengezi ohlangothini zombili zomlenze.

2 -

I-Palate ejwayelekile ye-Anatomy

Ukuqonda ukuthi i-palate evamile ibukeka kanjani kuzokusiza ukuthi uqonde kangcono isimo se-palate.

• I-Mucosa: I-mucosa yizicubu ezinomswakama, ezibomvu ezifaka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Ibeka emakhaleni, emlonyeni, emaphaphu, nasemaphepheni okugaya nokugaya.
• I-Palate elukhuni : I-palate elukhuni yiyingxenye ye-bony yophahla lomlomo. Yakha ingxenye yangaphambili yelungu. Ngaphambi kwendwangu elithambile. Awuboni ithambo uma uvula umlomo wakho ngoba uhlanganiswe umuthi. Ngolunye ulimi lwakho noma ngomunwe wakho, ungase uzizwe lapho ilanga lishintsha kusukela kanzima kuya elithambile.

  I-palate enzima ihlukanisa umlomo kusuka ekhaleni. Ngaphandle kobunzima obunzima, kukhona ukuxhumana phakathi kwesigxobo somlomo nesigxobo somlomo. Lokhu kukhulumisana phakathi kwalaba ababili kwenza inkulumo, ukudla nokuphuza kunzima. I-palate enzima igcina ukudla ekukhuphukeni ekhaleni. I-palate enzima ibalulekile futhi ekukhulumeni njengoba ivimba umoya ekuphumeni kwempumu esikhundleni somlomo.

• I-Palate e- soft : I-palate elithambile yiyona ingxenye engezansi yamafutha. Uma ugijima ulimi lwakho phambi kophahla lomlomo wakho emuva, ungase uzizwe lapho i-palate enzima iba yilelo elithambile. Uma uvula umlomo wakho futhi uthathe umoya ojulile, uzobona uphahla lwakho oluphansi. I-palate elithambile ihamba phezulu nangaphansi ngenxa yesenzo semisipha emlonyeni.

  Uma kunesidakamizwa esiswini somlenze, asisebenzi futhi inkulumo ayiphumeleli. Ngokuqondile, inkulumo iba nzima ukuyiqonda ngoba umoya uphuma emakhaleni esikhundleni somlomo. Ukwengeza, ngoba i-palate esithambile iqhuma ukudla ngemuva komphimbo lapho umuntu egwinya, ukudla kunzima kakhulu kuziguli ezine-cleft ye-palate elithambile.

• Uvula: I-uvula iyinxenye yelungu elithambile elilenga phansi phakathi komlomo. Kwabanye abantu, kuchazwe kahle kakhulu. Abanye bangase babe nomncanyana noma bangabi nalutho.
• I-Alveolar Ridge: I-ridge ye-alveolar nayo yaziwa nangokuthi "i-arch arch" noma "amazinyo." I-ridge ye-alveolar yilapho amazinyo ephuma khona. Kukhona i-ridge engenhla ye-alveolar ne-ridge ephansi ye-alveolar.
• I-Palate eyinhloko: I-palate eyinhloko ingxenye yelungu phambi kwe-foramen engabonakaliyo. Ihlanganisa ingxenye yangaphambili ye-palate elukhuni futhi inomumo wesigxathu. Ibuye ifaka amazinyo amane angaphakathi aphakathi ne-alveolar ridge.
• I-Palate yesibili: I- palmate yesibili ingxenye yangemva ye-palate enzima (isabelo esilandelayo), kufaka phakathi i-posterior alveolar ridge, nayo yonke i-palate ethambile.
• I-Incisive Foramen: I-foramen ye-incisive isakhiwo esihlukanisa i-palate eyinhloko kusuka ku-palate yesibili. Kuyinto yokuvulwa emlonyeni we-bony lapho imithwalo yegazi namagundane wephunga elidlula khona. Kuqondile ngqo kwamazinyo amabili angaphambili. Ngomunwe ongenawo umcengezi, i-foramen engabonakali ayikwazi ukubonakala njengoba ihlanganiswa umuthi we-palate.

3 -

Ukuhlukaniswa kwe-Cleft Palate

Abahlinza abahlinzayo basePlastiki bahlukanisa imiklamo ngokubandakanyeka kwabo kwenzalo enkulu, i-palate yesibili, noma kokubili. I-Cleft palate iqondisa iziqondiso zomhlinzeki wezinambuzane epulasitiki, udokotela wamazinyo, u-otolaryngologist, uchwepheshe wezinkulumo, kanye namanye amalungu e-"Team Cleft" ekwenzeni uhlelo olufanele lwezokwelapha. Kodwa-ke, kungase kube lula ukucabanga ngokucwenga kwenhlanzi njengokuthi "kuqedile" noma "akuphelele."

4 -

Gcwalisa i-Cleft Palate

Ukuhlanza "okuphelele" kuhilela wonke ama-palates ayisisekelo nesekondari. It isukela kusukela uvula yonke indlela eya egumbini alveolar. Kuhilela kokubili i-palate eyinhloko ne-palate yesibili.

I-palate ephelele ye-cleft ingabambisana noma ihlangene. Uma i-cleft palate iphakathi kwamabili, izinhlangothi zombili zingase ziphelele, noma uhlangothi olulodwa lungagcwaliswa kanti olunye uhlangothi lungase lungaphelele.

5 -

I-Pallet Cleft Palate engaphelele

I-cleft engaphelele iqala ngemuva kwelayali nge-uvula futhi iqhubekela phambili. Kungenzeka noma kungafinyeleleki ku-foramen engabonakaliyo. Ngezimiso ezilula, kuhilela kuphela i-palate yesibili njengoba kungenwe yonke indlela eya phambili yokufaka i-ridge alveolar. Ubude lapho ukucacisa khona okungaqhubeka khona kusuka ku-uvula kuyahluka ngokubukeka kokubukeka. Noma kunjalo, noma yiliphi inani le-palate ukuhlunga kungaba nomthelela omubi ekuthuthukiseni inkulumo. Izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-palate ezingaphelele zilandelayo:

• I-Bifid Uvula: Okuncane kakhulu kwezingcweti ezingaphelele ekubukeni, i-bifid uvula iyisihluthulelo se-palatal esivame kakhulu. Ibuye ibizwe ngokuthi "u-cleft uvula." I-bifid uvula ibonakala njengokuqhekeka noma ukucela ukuvula. Kungaba kuhle kakhulu, kuboniswe kuphela ngesikhwama esincane, noma ukuvula kungabonakala njengamabhizinisi amabili ahlukene. A bifid uvula ngaphakathi futhi ngokwalo akuyona inkinga. Lokhu kwenzeka cishe ngamaphesenti angu-2 wabantu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile, i-bifid uvula iyinkomba ye-cleft submucosal.
• I-Submucosal Cleft: I-cleft submucosal ingumcibisholo ongaphansi kwe-mucosa ebeka uphahla lomlomo - ngakho-ke igama elithi "ngaphansi." Ngenxa yokuthi umcibisholo ongaphansi kwe-mucosa ungaphansi kwe-mucosa, isibonakaliso sokuphela kwesibonakaliso saso singaba yi-bifid uvula . Yize kungabonakali ebusweni, imisipha ye-palate ayihlanganisiwe emkhatsini we-midline emcimbini we-submucosal. Lokhu kudala ukungakwazi ukuhambisa iphutha eminye imisindo yenkulumo. Ngakho-ke, ukucwenga okungaphansi kwe-submucosal kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi lapho ingane inokukhulumisana okungavamile futhi i-bifid uvula ikhona.
• I-Soft Palate Cleft: Ukuhlunga kwe-palate elithambile kugijima kusukela ekugcineni kwe-uvula bese kuyeka ngaphambi noma ekuhlanganiseni kwephunga elithambile nelinzima. Akuyona nje kuphela ebonakalayo ekubukeni kwayo kunesihlungi esincane, sakha izinkinga ezifanayo zenkulumo njenge-cleft submucosal. Izikhwama ezinzima kakhulu (eside) ezitholakalayo zitholakala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngenxa yobunzima bokudla. Ukuhlunga kwelungu kwenza kube nzima ukuba usana ludale uphawu olunomlomo oluzungeze ingono. Ngenxa yalokho, usana lungase lungakwazi ukuncelisa. I-palate ye-palate encane noma encane engabonakali ingabonakali izimpawu lapho izalwa noma ingazibonakalisa njenge-reflux yangasese yamanzi noma ukudla.
• I-Soft and Hard Palate Cleft: I-cleft ehilela kokubili i-palate elukhuni futhi elula izofaka yonke i-palate ethambile nayo yonke ingxenye ye-palate elukhuni kuze kube yi-foramen engabonakaliyo. Ifomu elibi kunazo zonke lihilela lonke i-palate yesibili, elibhekwa njengesiphakamiso esiswini esivela esiqongweni se-uvula kuze kube yi-foramen engabonakaliyo. Lokhu kungaphezulu kakhulu kwezikhwama ze-palate ezingaphelele. Njengoba kufana nemiklamo engasondelene ne-palate, i-cleft ehlanganisiwe ne-hard palate cleft ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuzalwa ngenxa yezinkinga zokudla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwenkulumo kuyophelelwa amandla.

_Imithombo:

_{I-Boutros SG, Ukusika C. Cleft Palate. Ku: McCarthy JG, RD Galiano, Boutros SG, eds. Ukwelashwa Kwamanje Ngokwelashwa Kwepulasitiki, Ngo-1 Ed. I-Philadelphia: Elsevier, Inc, 2006.}

_{I-Gosman, i-AA. I-Cleft Palate. Ku: Janis JE, uhleli. Izinto ezibalulekile zokuhlinza nge-Plastic. USt. Louis: Quality Medical Publishing, Inc., 2007.}

_{RA Hopper, Cutting C, Grayson B. Cleft Lip kanye Palate. Ku: Thorne CH, Beasely RW, Aston SJ, Bartlett SP, Gurtner GC, Spear S, eds. Ukuhlinzwa Kwe-Plastic Grabb no-Smith, 6th. I-Philadelphia: Lippincott, 2007.}