Umehluko phakathi kwezincazelo zezokwelapha ze "ukukhuluphala ngokweqile" nokuthi "ukukhuluphala" kuhloswe kuphela kwi-index mass body (BMI), kodwa kukhona izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhuluphala? Ochwepheshe baqala ukucabanga kanjalo, futhi, uma kuyiqiniso, lokhu kungasiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esisebenza kwabanye abantu hhayi kwabanye.
Umehluko phakathi kokukhuluphala nokukhuluphala ngokweqile
Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, kukhona umehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kokukhuluphala nokuqhathanisa ngokweqile uma usebenzisa incazelo yezokwelapha okusekelwe ku-BMI kuphela.
Ukukhululeka ngokweqile kuchazwa njenge-BMI ye-25.0 kuya ku-29.9 kg / m 2 . Ukuze zibhekwe njengezikhulu kakhulu, isiguli kumele sibe ne-BMI ye-30.0 noma ngaphezulu. (I-BMI ejwayelekile iphakathi kuka-18.5 no-24.9.)
I-BMI ye-40.0 noma ngaphezulu ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhuluphala ngokweqile," futhi kunconywa yiziqondiso zikazwelonke njengendlela yokunquma iziguli ezingase zifanele ukuhlinzeka nge-bariatric.
Uzoqaphela ukuthi lokhu kungezwani, kuyilapho kubalulekile ngenjongo yokwelapha, ungacabangi lutho ngaphandle kwe-BMI. Kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi manje babheka ngaphesheya kwe-BMI ukuze baqonde ukuchaza ukukhuluphala-nokuthi bangayiphatha kanjani.
Zikhona izinhlobo ezingu-59 zobuningi?
Ochwepheshe bokukhuluphala kubonakala sengathi bahluka emibhalweni yabo yokuthi zingaki izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhuluphala kunabo, kodwa into eyodwa abavumelana ngazo ukuthi akukhona nje uhlobo olulodwa lokukhuluphala.
Omunye umcwaningi, uDkt. Lee Kaplan, uMqondisi we-Obesity, Metabolism and Nutrition Institute eMassachusetts General Hospital, utshele i- New York Times ngo-2016 ukuthi ubale izinhlobo ezingu-59 zokukhuluphala kuze kube manje.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izakhi zofuzo ezingaphezu kuka-25 ezinezixhumanisi zokukhuluphala manje seziveziwe, mhlawumbe akumangalisi ukuthi kuzoba nezinhlobo eziningi zokukhuluphala okumelwe ziphikisana nazo. Ngokudabukisayo, i - FTO gene isetshenziswe eminyakeni yamuva nje ngokuba nenhlangano eqondile yokukhuluphala, kepha abanye kubonakala sengathi badlala indima.
Kuye kwabe sekukhona ukuxhumaniswa kwezakhi zofuzo ekudleni ukudla okuye kwabonakala.
Ucwaningo olulodwa, olwanyatheliswa kuyi- Journal of Public Health ngo-2015, lwabika ukuthi kunenani lezihlobo eziyisithupha zokukhuluphala. Kulesi sifundo, abaphenyi babheka idatha eqoqwe eYorkshire Health Study phakathi kweminyaka ka-2010 no-2012.
Abafundi abathintekayo babethunywe imibuzo yokuhlolwa yocwaningo ngabasebenzi bawo jikelele, futhi, kukho konke, kwaqoqwa abantu abangu-27 806, abangu-4,144 abahlangabezana nencazelo yezokwelapha yokukhuluphala nge-BMI engama-30 noma ngaphezulu.
Ucwaningo lwabuza imibuzo ngokuphathelene nobudala, ubulili, isimo sezenhlalakahle, ubuhlanga, nempilo. Ikhwalithi yokuphila ehlobene nempilo nayo yahlolwa. Ababambiqhaza nabo babuzwa ngezihloko ezifana nesimo sokubhema, umsebenzi womzimba, nokusetshenziswa kotshwala.
Abacwaningi basebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze bachaze amaqembu abantu abanokukhuluphala ababa nezici ezivamile ngaphandle kwe-BMI yedwa. Ngokwenza kanjalo, baphetha ngokuthi kukhona ubufakazi obanele ukukhomba lezi zingxenyana ezilandelayo eziyisithupha, bonke abane-BMI engama-30 noma ngaphezulu:
- "Abesilisa abaphuzayo"
- Abasha, abesifazane abanempilo
- Abathandekayo, asebekhulile enempilo
- Ogulayo kodwa okhulile ojabulayo
- Ukungathandi, ukukhathazeka eneminyaka ephakathi
- Labo abanempilo empofu kakhulu
Ngakho laba bacwaningi baphenye ekugcineni? Ukuthi kunamaqembu amaningi abantu abakhuluphele kakhulu, nokuthi "kubalulekile ukuphendula" ngalezi zingxabano "phakathi kwabantu abakhuluphele kakhulu." Baqhubeka babonisa ukuthi ukuqaphela lokhu kungahlukana kungaba nemiphumela ebalulekile ekungeneleleni kwemitholampilo kanye nezinqumo zenqubomgomo okuhlosiwe ukukhomba futhi ukuphatha ukukhuluphala, ngoba indlela "eyodwa-ifanele-ifanele-konke" akunakwenzeka ukusebenza.
Mhlawumbe, isibonelo, ukuba khona kokuphuza ngokweqile (kotshwala) kuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa kokukhuluphala kwesigqila sokuqala samadoda ashiwo ngenhla; uma kunjalo, ukuphuza kufanele kuhloswe futhi kungenelelwe njengengxenye yomzamo wokuphatha ukukhuluphala.
Leyo ndlela ayengeke isetshenziswe esigabeni sesibili samantombazane amancane, enempilo, okungenzeka ukuthi unezizathu ezihlukahlukene kakhulu (noma izizathu) zokuba nomzimba wokukhuluphala, ngakho-ke badinga uhlobo lokungenelela okuhlukile, nokunye okunye phansi .
Kumele kuqaphele, ngendlela, ukuthi ama-subgroups amakhulu kunawo wonke ayisithupha, owomncane, onesifazane onempilo. Laba besifazane abaphuza utshwala kancane kunabantu bezinye amaqembu futhi babe nezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu zokuphila.
Kudinga Izindlela Ezihlukahlukene Zokuqeda Isisindo Ukulahlekelwa
Uma kungenjalo, ukwazi ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhuluphala kufanele kuholele ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezahlukene zokulahlekelwa isisindo.
Uma unesisindo sokukhuluphala, kungenzeka ukuthi usuthole kakade ukuthi lokhu kuyisibonelo kuwe: kungenzeka ukuthi uzame izindlela ezimbalwa noma ezehlukene zokulahlekelwa isisindo kakade. Uma ufana nabantu abaningi, enye noma eziningi zalezi zindlela zanconywa kuwe ngumngane noma udokotela, ngoba zisebenzela zona noma ezinye iziguli zazo. Kodwa mhlawumbe uthola ukuthi akusebenzelanga wena, noma ngabe wawunike ngokudubula kwakho okuhle kakhulu.
Yebo, esikhundleni sokuzizwa unamahloni ngokuthi "awukwazi" ukulahlekelwa isisindo, manje ungathola induduzo ngokwazi ukuthi, nazo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene zokukhuluphala okungase kube khona, okwenzele omunye umuntu angeke akusebenzele wena, futhi akuyona iphutha lakho ukuthi alisebenzi.
Iphuzu ukuqhubeka uzama kuze kube yilapho uthola ukuthi yini okukusebenzelayo, ngoba iningi labantu, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lokukhuluphala ngokweqile, lingakwazi ukulahlekelwa isisindo-futhi, kunikezwa ukuthi bathola indlela efanele yokulahlekelwa isisindo usebenza kubo.
Lezi zindlela zokunciphisa izisindo ziza ezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, nazo zonke izinto ezivela ezindleleni zokudla ezihlukahlukene zemishanguzo yokuhlinzeka nge-bariatric.
Zonke ziqala futhi ziphele ngokudla okunempilo, noma kunjalo, ngakho qiniseka ukuthi ungashiyi lokho. Ngokulandela izimiso eziyisisekelo kakhulu zokudla okunempilo , ngeke nje ube nomgwaqo wokubhekana nokukhuluphala, kodwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulahlekelwa kangakanani, uzonciphisa ingozi yakho kwezinye izifo ezingapheli ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, nomdlavuza . Ngakho ukudla okunempilo kubaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokufanayo, ukwenza umsebenzi ovamile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulahlekelwe kangakanani, uthola umzimba wakho wonke-nengqondo yakho-esimweni esingcono kakhulu, futhi uzovuna izinzuzo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngendlela yokunciphisa ingozi efanayo abadlali: isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, umdlavuza, nezinye izifo ezingapheli.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ukubaluleka kokulala ubusuku obuhle , okuye kwabonakala kubonakala njengesihluthulelo kuzo zonke izinzuzo zokulondoloza impilo. Akugcini nje ukuthola ukulala ngokwanele ngezikhathi ezithile usizo ngokulahlekelwa isisindo futhi uvimbele ukuqhubeka nokuthola isisindo, kodwa kukusiza ukuba ubhekane kangcono nokucindezeleka. Ukulala ngokwanele kubalulekile futhi, manje sesiyazi, ngokuvimbela isifo senhliziyo.
Ngakho zonke lezi ngamathumba uze uzizinakekele kahle. Yenza lokho, futhi bonke abanye bazofika.
> Imithombo:
> Green MA, Strong M, Razak F, Subramanian SV, et al. Ubani obomvu? Ukuhlaziywa kweqoqo lokuhlola ama-subgroups we-obese. I-Journal of Health Public 2015.
> Lordan G, Pakrashi D. Yenza yonke imisebenzi "isisindo" ngokulinganayo? Yeka ukuthi imisebenzi ehlukene yezinto ezibonakalayo ihluke kanjani njengezibikezelo zesisindo. I-Risk Anal . 2015 Meyi 20.
> Smemo S, Tena JJ, Kim KH, Gamazon ER, et al. Izinhlobonhlobo ezihambisana nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ngaphakathi kweFTO ifomu elide lokuxhumana okusebenzayo ne-IRX3. Imvelo 2014; 507: 371-5.
> St-Onge M, O'Keeffe M, Roberts AL, RoyChoudhury A, et al. Ukulala isikhathi esifushane, ukusabalalisa i-glucose nokulawulwa kwe-hormone yokudla kwamadoda nabesifazane. Ukulala. 2012; 35: 1503-10.