Ubani ongengozini enkulu?
Ukudluliselwa nokutholakala kwe-HIV kusuka emlonyeni wesitho sangasese kuphakame uma kwenzeka ubulili obungaphansi kwekhondomu, kokubili kwabesifazane nabesilisa. Ngenkathi inengozi ikhula kakhulu phakathi kwabesifazane ngenxa yobungozi be-biologic (kubandakanya ubukhulu obukhulu bezincubu zomuthi ezingenayo i-HIV), amadoda asengozini nakho konke okuvela ezifweni ezithathelwana ngocansi (STDs) kuze kube sezingeni lokusoka.
Ingozi Yokudluliselwa Kwabesifazane
I-HIV itholakale egazini, egazini, emzimbeni wokuqala ("pre-cum"), noma oketshezi lomzimba womuntu onegciwane. Ukwakhiwa kwebhinqa kungabhidliza futhi kuvumele ukuthi i-HIV ingene emzimbeni, kanye nokunakekelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi ngezingqamuzana ezinamaqabunga ezihlanganisa isisu nesisu somlomo.
Uma igciwane lesandulela ngculaza livuleka kulezi zicubu, ukutheleleka kwangasese kuhlaselwa ngamaseli omzimba wokuqala, okufaka amangqamuzana e-macrophage nama-dendritic. Ukusetshenziselwa kwalawa maseli kushukumisa ukusabela kumzimba wokuvikela omzimba lapho amangqamuzana akhethekile avikela khona, kuhlanganise ne- CD4 ne- CD8 T-cell , aqhutshelwa empini. Okumangalisa ukuthi yi-CD4 amangqamuzana ahlose ukuhloleleka nge-HIV. Uma lokhu kwenzeka futhi ukuzivikela kokuqala kwe-line akukwazi ukuqukatha abahlaseli be-HIV, ukuvezwa kuba okungaphezu nje kokuvezwa. Kuba yisifo.
Ingozi Yokudlulisela Emadodeni
Ngendoda ingengozini encane ye-HIV kunomlingani wayo wesifazane ocansini, i-HIV ingangena ngokusebenzisa i-urethra (ukuvulwa kwesiphakamiso sepenisi) noma ngokusikeka okuncane noma izilonda ezivulekile epeni.
Ukwengeza, amadoda angasokile asuke esengozini enkulu ye-HIV kunamadoda asokwa . Isibhaktheriya esivela ngaphansi kwejwabu singakhula ngenxa yemvelo enomanzi. Amasosha omzimba ngokuzenzakalelayo asabela ngokubangela ukuzivikela okuvivinya umzimba ukuvikela isifo.
Futhi, ngokumangalisayo, ama-CD4 amangqamuzana angabizwa emigqeni yangaphambili yokuzivikela, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba.
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi
Izifo ezithathelwana ngocansi zisebenza ngokulinganayo ngendlela efanayo. Ngaphandle kwezilonda ezivulekile eziqhamukayo ezingenza kube lula umzila ongena egazini (kusuka kuma-STD afana ne-syphilis noma i- herpes simplex ), ezinye izifo zenza izimpendulo zamasosha omzimba, zandisa amathuba okudlulisela i-HIV noma ukutholakala okungaphezu kwalokho okungenzeka uma kungenalo i-HIV .
Ukuvimbela ukuhanjiswa kwe-HIV
Uma ukhetha ukuba nobulili besisu, sebenzisa ikhondomu ye-latex ukuvikela kokubili wena nomlingani wakho engozini ye-HIV namanye ama-STD. Izifundo zibonise ukuthi ikhondomu ye-latex iyasebenza kakhulu lapho isetshenziswe kahle futhi njalo. Uma ngabe omunye umlingani ehlonza i-latex, amakhondomu (polyurethane) amakhondomu womuntu wesilisa noma wesifazane angasetshenziswa. (Gwema amakhondomu amawundlu anganikeli ukuvikelwa kwi-HIV kanye ne-STD).
Ukwengeza, abalingani banganciphisa kakhulu i-HIV ngamanyathelo amabili okuvimbela:
- Umlingani obesandulela ngculazi, owesilisa noma wesifazane, kufanele abekwe ukwelashwa ngezidambisigciwane ukuze agcwalise ukwelashwa okugcwele kwegciwane kumazinga angatholakali . Uma lokhu kufezekile, ingozi yokudluliselwa kumlingani ongathintekile ingadonsa ku 90%. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwelashwa kwe-HIV njengokuvimbela (i-TasP) .
- Noma yimuphi umlingani ongenawo igciwane lesandulela ngculaza, owesilisa noma wesifazane, angakhetha ukuthatha isandulelangculazi ngaphambi kokushisa i-prophylaxis (PrEP), i-tablet ye-antiretroviral yansuku zonke enganciphisa ingozi yokuthola i-HIV kusuka kunoma yikuphi ukusuka ku-70-90%. Funda kabanzi mayelana nendlela yokusebenzisa i- Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (i-PrEP) .
Imithombo:
Liu, C .; Ulambile, B .; I-Tobian, A .; et al. Ukusoka Kwabesilisa Kubalulekile Ukunciphisa Ukuvama Nokuthwala Amagciwane Ase-Anaerobic. mBio. NgoFebhuwari 15, 2013; 4 (2): e00076-13.
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). "Izimpawu Ezibalulekile: Ukuvimbela i-HIV Ngokunakekelwa Nezokwelapha t - United States." Ukulimala nokufa Kwembiko Yamaviki onke (MMWR). NgoDisemba 2, 2011; 60 (47): 1618-1623.
Amasevisi aseMelika okuLawula nokuvimbela izifo (CDC). Isiqondiso Sesikhashana Sogqilakazi Ngokubhekisisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwe-Preexposure Prophylaxis Yokuvimbela Ukutheleleka Ngegciwane lesandulela ngculaza kumaHeterosexually Active Active. " Ukulimala nokufa Kwembiko Yamaviki onke (MMWR). Agasti 10, 2012; 61 (31): 586-589.