Igama elithi "ukukhuluphala" liphonswa kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungacacisi ukuthi kusho ukuthini. Ingabe libhekisela kunoma ubani onamandla kakhulu noma unesisindo esiningi sokulahlekelwa? Noma ingaphezu kwalokho? Kukhona incazelo yezokwelapha yokukhuluphala , kanye negama elithi "ukukhuluphala ngokweqile."
Emagama asetshenziswa kwezokwelapha, igama elithi "ngokweqile" lisetshenziswe njengebizo (njengokuthi, "ukukhuluphala nokukhuluphala ngokweqile") okufana nesiphakamiso.
Ukusetshenziswa okunjalo kunomphumela wokwenza kucace ukuthi ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala kungengxenye yenqubo yesifo-ngaphezulu kulokho ngezansi.
Incazelo yezokwelapha yokuqhathanisa ngokweqile isekelwe emkhatsini we-mass mass index (BMI). I-BMI ilinganiswa ngamayunithi angu-kg / m 2 , okusho ukuthi kudinga ukuphakama nesisindo sokubala. Ama-calculator we-BMI atholakalayo kalula, njengalewo anikezwe lapha. Vele ufake imininingwane yakho ukuze ufunde i-BMI yakho.
Ukuqhathaniswa ngokweqile kuchazwa njenge-BMI ye-25.0 - 29.9 kg / m 2 . I-BMI evamile ichazwa njengehla phakathi kuka-18.5 no-24.9. Ukuba ne-BMI engaphansi kwe-18.5 kufakazela omunye njengomuntu ongaphansi kwesisindo.
Kuyini Ukukhuluphala?
Njengokwedlulele ngokweqile, incazelo yezokwelapha yokukhuluphala ifinyelela ekubalweni kwe-BMI. Ukuze zibhekwe njengezikhulu kakhulu, isiguli kumele sibe ne-BMI ye-30.0 noma ngaphezulu. I-BMI ye-40.0 noma ngaphezulu ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukukhuluphala ngokweqile," futhi kunconywa yiziqondiso zikazwelonke njengendlela yokunquma iziguli ezingase zifanele ukuhlinzeka nge-bariatric.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abagijimi abathile abanesisindo esikhulu bangase babe ne-BMI ephezulu ngenxa yesikhumba sabo esikhulu kunesisindo somzimba. Ngakho-ke, i-BMI ihloswe ukuba yingxenye yokuhlolwa okukhulu kwemitholampilo.
Kungani Kubalulekile?
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi amathuba okuba nempilo empofu (ngokwezifo ezinjengomdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo , ukuphefumula kwesifo sofuba , isifo sikashukela , umfutho wegazi ophezulu , kanye nabanye), kanye nokufa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, kwanda njengoba i-BMI iyanda.
Futhi incazelo yomtholampilo yokukhuluphala (i-BMI ye-30.0 noma ngaphezulu) isetshenziselwa ezimweni eziningi ukunquma izinketho zokwelashwa okufanele.
Kukhona nemiphumela yokuthola umshwalense nokuthi yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezizobhekwa njengezidingekile ngemithi. Ngo-2013, i-American Medical Association (AMA) yabiza ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ukukhuluphala kube yisifo, ngokuvuma "umthelela omkhulu wezenzo nezomnotho wokukhuluphala okudinga ukwelashwa, ukucwaninga nokufundiswa kwezinye izifo zezokwelapha ezinkulu emhlabeni jikelele."
Futhi ngonyaka ka-2013, i-American Heart Association, i-American College of Cardiology, ne-The Obesity Society yakhipha iziqondiso ezintsha zokulinda ngokweqile, eziye zashicilelwa njenge "Isiqondiso se-ACCF / AHA / TOS sika-2013 se-Management of Overweight and Obesity kubantu abadala. "
Umthelela wokuvuma ngokusemthethweni ukukhuluphala ngokweqile njengesifo esingapheli kulindelwe kulindeleke ukuthi kungabikho ukuqwashisa ngenkinga emphakathini jikelele kodwa futhi nokuthinta inqubomgomo kuwo wonke amazinga. Abakhiqizi bezinqubomgomo bangase bazizwe kunesidingo esikhulu sokuxhaswa nokusebenzisa ukwelapha ngokweqile kanye nezinhlelo zokungenelela, kuyilapho abakhokhelwayo bezinkampani zangaphandle bengase bakwazi ukubuyisela odokotela nabanye ochwepheshe bezokwelapha ukwelashwa nokuphathwa kokukhuluphala njengesifo esaziwayo.
Ngokuqondene neCenter for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), ukukhathazeka kuye kwahlukaniswa njengesifo esingapheli kusukela ngo-2004. Kusukela ngoNovemba 29, 2011, i-Medicare iye yafaka izindleko zokuphathwa kokwelapha iziguli ezixilongwa ngokukhuluphala. Lokhu kungahle kuhlanganise nokuhlola nge-BMI nasesigxini sezinwele, ukuhlolwa kokudla, kanye nokungenelela kokuziphatha okuphezulu. Ukuhlinzekwa kokuhlinzeka nge-bariatric kuyatholakala nangaphansi kwezinqubo ezithile.
Ukuphakama ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zempilo yangasese kungahluka; Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi koMthetho Wokunakekelwa Okunakekelwayo ongu-2010 (ACA), izinhlelo ezintsha zezempilo zidinga ukumboza izinsizakalo zokuvimbela ezibalwe ngokuthi "A" (kakhulu kunconywa) noma "B" (Kunconywa) yi-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF).
Ukuhlolwa kokukhuluphala kunikezwe isincomo esithi "B" kubo bobabili abadala nabantwana nge-USPSTF, ngakho-ke kuzomele kudingeke izinhlelo ezintsha zezempilo zokumboza ukuhlolwa kokukhuluphala ngokweqile, okushiwo ngenhla, ngokuvamile okuqala nge-BMI yokuhlola futhi kungabandakanya ukuzungeza isikhumba nokudla ukuhlolwa. Ukwebiwa okuqhubekayo ngamalungiselelo ezempilo kwezinye izinketho zokuphatha ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kanye nokungenelela, noma kunjalo, cishe kuzoqhubeka kuhluka. Abanye abathwalense, ngokwesibonelo, banikeza ukwelulekwa ngocingo, kanti abanye banikeza ukuqeqeshwa kwezempilo noma ukudluliselwa ezinsizakalweni zokulahlekelwa isisindo ezifana ne-Weight Watchers.
Imithombo
I-American Medical Association Indlu Yezihambeli: Isixazululo 420 - Ukuqaphela Ukukhuluphala Njengesifo . Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al.
Umhlahlandlela we-AHA / ACC / TOS ka-2013 we-Management of Overweight and Obesity kubantu abadala: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice kanye ne-Obesity Society [eyanyatheliswa ku-intanethi ngoNovemba 27, 2013]. Ukujikeleza.
Benson SS. Ukukhuluphala e-Tennessee: Umthelela Wepholisi Wokubamba Ubuningi Njengesifo "Isifo." Tennessee Medicine. Januwari 2014; 27-30.