Okubalulekile ngokukhuluphala
Igama elithi 'ukukhuluphala' liphonswa kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungase kungacacisi ukuthi kusho ukuthini. Ingabe libhekisela kunoma ubani onamandla kakhulu noma unesisindo esiningi sokulahlekelwa? Noma ingaphezu kwalokho? Kukhona incazelo yezokwelapha yokukhuluphala, kanye nokuqhathanisa ngokweqile, nokukwazi ukuhlukaniswa kubalulekile empilweni yakho.
Kuyini Ukukhuluphala?
Incazelo yezokwelapha yezinhlamvu zokukhuluphala ngokweqile ekubalweni kwe-body mass index (BMI).
I-BMI evamile ichazwa njengehla phakathi kuka-18.5 no-24.9 kilograms ngamamitha ama-square. Isimo esaziwa ngokwemithi njengoba ukwedlula ngokweqile kuhlongozwa njenge-BMI ka-25.0 kuya ku-29.9, futhi uma i-BMI ishaya 30.0, okubangela incazelo yezokwelapha esemthethweni yokukhuluphala. Ukutholakala kokukhuluphala ngokweqile kusetshenziswe kwi-BMI ye-40.0 noma ngaphezulu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukukhuluphala manje sekubonwa njengesifo futhi kuqobo. Ngo-2013, i-American Medical Association (AMA) yamemezela ngokusemthethweni ukuthi iyinjalo, ivuma "umthelela omkhulu wezenzo nezomnotho wokukhuluphala okudinga ukwelashwa, ucwaningo nokufundiswa kwezinye izifo ezinkulu zezokwelapha emhlabeni jikelele."
-
Ukuqonda Izinhlobo Eziningi Zokukhuluphala
-
I-Adipose Tissue Kudingeka Ilinganiselwe Ukuze Uhlale Unempilo
Eqinisweni, isifo sengqondo sokukhuluphala singenye yezinkinga zempilo yomphakathi esikhathini sethu. Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization (WHO), abantu abadala abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyikhulu emhlabeni wonke banesisindo esikhulu, futhi okungenani izigidi ezingu-300 zalabo bantu abadala bahlangabezana nencazelo yezokwelapha yokukhuluphala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-WHO ilinganisa ukuthi ukukhuluphala kubandakanya amaphesenti amabili kuya kweyisithupha kuzo zonke izindleko zezempilo ezizweni eziningana ezithuthukile, futhi ukusabalalisa kwawo emazweni amaningi aseYurophu kuye kwaba kathathu kusukela ngawo-1980. Ngisho nezizwe ezisathuthuka manje zithintekayo futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zibona izinga lokunyuka ngokweqile nokukhuluphala okusheshayo kunezizwe ezithuthukile.
Izinto Ezinhlanu Okwazi Ngokweqile
1) Kukhona Izimbangela Eziningi Zokukhuluphala
Ezinye ziyizici zofuzo , futhi eziningi zendawo. Izimbangela zemvelo zibandakanya izici zokuphila ezifana nokuhola impilo yokuphila , ukudla okushukela okwedlayo , ukudla njalo, nokungalali ngokwanele, phakathi kwabanye. Ezinye imithi kanye nezimo zezokwelapha nazo zingaholela ekuzuzeni isisindo.
2) Ukukhuluphala kunqanda
Njengoba kunezifo eziningi ezingapheli, ezifana nesifo sikashukela nesifo senhliziyo (okubili kokubili kuhlobene nokukhuluphala), ukukhuluphala kuningi-uma kungenakuqedwa ngokuphelele.
Izindlela zokuvimbela ukukhuluphala zibandakanya ukuqaphela izingozi zakho , ukuqapha ngokunamathela ekudleni okunempilo , ukwenza isikhathi sokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke, nokuqhubeka uhamba usuku lonke.
3) Ukukhuluphala kuyinto engumngcipheko wezingozi eziningana nezinye izifo ezingelapheki
Ukukhuluphala nokugqithisa ngokweqile kuye kwaxhunyaniswa nezinhlobo eziningana zesifo somdlavuza, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sohlangothi, isifo segazi esiphakeme , isifo sikashukela, ukuphefumula kokuphefumula kokulala , ngisho nokungabi namandla . Ngeshwa, futhi mhlawumbe ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni, ukukhuluphala ngokweqile nokukhuluphala manje sekubhekene nokufa okungaphezulu emhlabeni jikelele kunokungondleki noma ukuba nesisindo esiphansi.
Emhlabeni jikelele, ngokusho kwezibalo ze-WHO, amaphesenti angu-44 ayisifo sikashukela, amaphesenti angu-23 esifo senhliziyo yesifo senhliziyo, futhi cishe amaphesenti angu-41 ekhansayo angabhekwa ngokweqile nokukhuluphala.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nokwelashwa kokukhuluphala kungadlulisa lezi zingozi. Ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ukulahlekelwa amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela kuya kwamaphesenti angu-10 okweqile ngokweqile kungaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu engozini yokugula okuhlobene nokukhuluphala. Futhi ukuzivocavoca nsuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukulahlekelwa kwesisindo esihambisanayo, kunezinzuzo zezempilo ezifinyelela kude.
4) Ukukhuluphala kwezingane kuyinkinga yezempilo emhlabeni wonke
Ukukhuluphala kwengane sekuye kwavela eminyakeni eminingi eminyakeni e-United States, futhi ngokwe-American Heart Association (AHA), cishe eyodwa kwezingane ezintathu kanye nentsha ikhuluphele noma ikhuluphele kakhulu.
Njengoba i-AHA iphawula, lesi sizinga sesicishe sibe kathathu ngalokho okwakunjalo ngo-1963. Eqinisweni, ukukhuluphala kwengane kuye kwasakazeka kakhulu futhi kuyingozi kakhulu ezinganeni zezingane ukuthi i-American Academy of Pediatrics manje inayo yonke iwebhusayithi ezinikele ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapha.
Lokhu akungabazeki ukuthi kunzima kunoma yimuphi umzali ukuzwa. Uma ukhathazekile ukuthi ingane yakho ingaba nokukhuluphala ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala ngokweqile, qiniseka ukuthi uxoxisane nokukhathazeka kwakho nengane yomntwana wengane yakho bese ucela usizo ngamasu angabangela ukulahlekelwa isisindo okufanele ingane yakho nesimo sakho.
Uma ingane yakho inikwe ukuxilongwa kokukhuluphala, ungasebenzisa nengane yakho ngendlela enhle yokwenza umsebenzi womzimba nsuku zonke kumnandi kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma engenayo imfundo engokwenyama esikoleni), nokukhuthaza ukudla okunempilo imikhuba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthatha izinyathelo zokugqugquzela imikhuba enempilo emaholidi ajwayele ukuhambisana nokusetshenziswa kweshukela, njengeHalloween nePhasika, futhi okwenza kube yinto yokuqala yokudla ekhaya kaningi.
Futhi qaphela ukuqeda iziphuzo ezizenzekelayo ekudleni kwengane yakho, futhi uhlole imisebenzi enobungane emndenini ehilela ukuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle.
5) Izindlela zokwelashwa ezihlukahlukene manje zitholakalayo ngokweqile
Lokhu kuvela ekuguqweni kokudla nokuphila kwemishanguzo emilenzeni yokulwa nokukhuluphala, amadivayisi wezokwelapha, nezinqubo zokuhlinza ezenza ukulahlekelwa isisindo, njengokuhlinzwa kwe-bariatric.
-
Ingabe Kukhona Isixhumanisi Phakathi Kokulinganisa Kwami Nemigudu Yami?
-
Uyini umehluko phakathi kokuqhathaniswa nokugqithisa?
Ngokusho kwemihlahlandlela yokukhuluphala kuka-2013 ekhishwe yi-AHA, i-American College of Cardiology (ACC), kanye ne-Obesity Society (TOS), ukuhlinzekwa nge-bariatric kuyindlela kulabo abanokukhuluphala abaye bazama ukushintsha kokudla nokuphila kwemishanguzo kanye nemithi yokulwa nokukhuluphala ngokweqile , futhi usenayo i-BMI engama-40 noma ngaphezulu, noma i-BMI engama-35 noma ngaphezulu okungenani ngesinye isimo sezokwelapha esaziwayo esibangelwa ukukhuluphala.
E-United States, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokuhlinzeka nge-bariatric (owaziwa nangokuthi "ukuhlinzeka ngesisindo-ukulahlekelwa") inqubo yomkhonto wesisu (owaziwa nangokuthi gastrectomy).
Uma Usanda Kubonwa Ngokukhuluphala
Kungenzeka ukuthi uke wabheka i-BMI yakho usebenzisa noma iyiphi yezinombolo eziningi ze-BMI zokubala ngaphandle lapho futhi wazi ukuthi unesisindo sokukhuluphala, noma mhlawumbe utshele kanjalo udokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe bezempilo.
Kungcono ukuxoxa ukuthi izinyathelo zakho ezilandelayo zokuphatha ukukhuluphala kwakho kufanele kube ngudokotela wakho. Ngokuvamile, izinguquko ekudleni kwakho nasezingeni lomzimba kuzotuswa kuqala.
Kukhona namaqembu okusekela namanethiwekhi angasiza. Ukudla Okungaziwa Ngomuntu ongaziwa, yisibonelo, iqembu elisekelwe emphakathini elihlelwe ohlelweni lwezinyathelo ezingu-12. Imihlangano ibanjwe emhlabeni wonke, futhi amalungu angakwazi ukuhlala engaziwa.
Ukwengeza, uma ucabanga ukuthi ungadla umlutha , kunezidakamizwa zokudla ezingaziwa, elinye iqembu lokusekela elingasiza, ikakhulukazi uma uzithola uhlanganyela ekuziphatheni okuphazamiseka kokudla noma uphendukela ekudleni ngezizathu ezingokomzwelo.
Into ebalulekile okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukukhuluphala kunokwelashwa. Nakuba kuzothatha ukuzinikezela nokuzibophezela kwakho, kanye nezinguquko ezinzulu nokucatshangelwa kahle endleleni yakho yokuphila evamile, akufanele nanini ulahleke-izinzuzo zempilo yakho yesikhathi eside zibaluleke kakhulu.
Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi ukulahlekelwa amaphesenti amahlanu kuphela kuya kumaphesenti ayishumi esisindo somzimba wakho uma ukhuluphele kakhulu noma ukhuluphele kungenza umehluko omkhulu empilweni yakho. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezici ezinobungozi zesifo senhliziyo, njenge-cholesterol ephezulu kanye negazi eliphezulu, kanye nenengozi enciphise kakhulu yokuthuthukisa uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwesibili .
Izinyathelo Ezilandelayo Zokucabangela
Uma uthola ukuthi unesisindo sokukhuluphala, qiniseka ukuthi uthola noma yikuphi umsebenzi wegazi udokotela wakho atusa, ikakhulukazi ushukela wegazi, isibindi, nokuhlolwa kwe-thyroid, okungavezwa izifo ezihlobene nokukhuluphala.
Ngokusho kwe-US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), ukuhlolwa kwesifo sikashukela ngokuhlola ushukela wegazi kunconywa kubantu abadala abakhuluphele ngokweqile noma ukukhuluphala futhi baneminyaka engama-40 kuya kwengu-70. Okufanelekile, lokhu kuzokwenziwa minyaka yonke njengengxenye yokuhlolwa kwezempilo njalo nokuhlolwa kwengozi yempilo.
Izwi elivela
Ukuphila nokukhuluphala kungaba nzima. Kodwa khumbula-ngenhlanhla, ukukhuluphala kunokwelashwa futhi kungaguqulwa. Noma yiziphi izinguquko ezincane ongayenza kuzodingeka. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinguquko zokudla nokuphila, imithi, izinqubo zokuhlinza, noma inhlanganisela yale ngenhla. Awuwedwa. Khumbula ukuthi, uma kunikezwe ukuphakama okukhulu nokukhuluphala ngokweqile ezweni namuhla, iningi labantu e-United States nasemhlabeni jikelele bahlanganyela lolu hambo futhi lokhu kulwa nawe. Ungalahli ithemba.
> Imithombo:
> Umhlahlandlela we-AHA / ACC / TOS ka-2013 we-Management of Overweight and Obesity kubantu abadala: IRe > port > ye-American College of Cardiology / American Heart Association Task Force on Iziqondiso Zokuzikhandla kanye ne-The Obesity Society [eyanyatheliswa ku-intanethi ngoNovemba 27, 2013] . Ukujikeleza.
> I-American Medical Association Indlu Yezihambeli: Isixazululo 420 - Ukuqaphela Ukukhuluphala Njengesifo. Kufinyeleleke ngo-Mashi 7, 2014. Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, et al.
> Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, et al. Iminyaka Yokuphila Elahlekile Ngenxa Yokukhuluphala. I-JAMA 2003; 289: 187-193.
> Ogden CL, uCarroll MD, Kit BK, i-FM KM. Ukukhula kwezingane kanye nokukhuluphala kwabantu abadala e-United States, ngo-2011-2012. I-JAMA. 2014; 311 (8): 806-814.
> Olshansky SJ, Passaro DJ, Hershow RC, et al. Ukunciphisa Ukuphila Okulindelekile E-United States Ngekhulu Lama-21. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 1128-1145.
> Siu AL; I-US Preventive Services Task Force. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Glucose yegazi engavamile kanye nohlobo lwe-2 lwesifo sikashukela Mellitus: Isitatimende Sokuncoma Sezinsizakusebenza Ze-US Preventive Services. Ann Intern Med 2015; 163: 861-8.
> Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, et al. Ukuvimbela uhlobo lwesifo sikashukela sohlobo lwe-2 Ukuguqulwa yizinguquko endleleni yokuphila phakathi kwezihloko ezinezinkinga zokubekezela kwe-glucose. N Eng J Med 2001; 344: 1343-1350.
> I-World Health Organization. 10 Amaqiniso ngokukhuluphala. Kufinyelelwe ku-intanethi ku- http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/obesity/facts/en/index3.html ngo-Okthoba 2, 2014.