Ungathunyelwa kumhlengikazi wezinkulumo, noma ngaphezulu ubizwa ngokuthi i-pathologist language language (SLP), ngenxa yezifo ezihlukahlukene. I-SLP ingasiza ukuphatha izinkinga ezihlobene nokukhuluma, ukuzwa nokugwinya. Ngokuqondile i-SLP ingasiza ukuhlola nokuphatha:
- Ukuqhafaza - ukuthungatha nokuhlanganisa
- Ukukhuluma - ukukhuluma
- Ulimi - ikhono nokuqonda kwelimi elikhulunywe futhi elibhalwe phansi
- Ukuqaphela - ukunakwa, inkumbulo, ikhono lokuxazulula izinkinga
- Izwi - izici zethoni yezwi
- Ukuvuselela Ukuhlolwa Kwezimali Nokuhlola Ukuhlola - amasu okubuyisa ahlobene nenkulumo, ukuzwa nokuzwa kwezilimi
- Ukuqeda izifo eziphazamisayo - ukushaywa nesifo socansi
- Ezinye izinsizakalo - abanye abathintekayo bayoba ngokukhethekile kwamanye amasevisi kubandakanya: ukuthuthukiswa kwezwi lobuchwepheshe, ukuguqulwa kwezwi noma ukushintsha izinkulumo, i-transgender izwi, ukushintshwa kwebhizinisi nokuguqulwa kwezwi
Uhlu olungezansi, uzothola ezinye zezokwelapha ukuthi i-SLP izoyisebenzisa ukuphatha ezinye zezifo ezivamile zokukhuluma inkulumo.
Ukwelapha Inkulumo Yabathengi Abadlulayo
Uma ingane yakho noma ingane encane kufanele ikhulume manje kodwa ayikho, ingase ihanjiswe kumhlengikazi wezinkulumo. Uchwepheshe uzozama izinto ezehlukene ukukhuthaza ingane yakho ukuba ikhulume, kuhlanganise nokudlala naye. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukugodla ithoyizi eliyintandokazi kuze kube yilapho umntwana ecela ukuthi likhuthaza izingane ezincane ukukhuluma, kodwa lokhu kuncike esimweni.
Kwezinye izingane, ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhumana, ezifana nolimi lwezandla noma amakhadi wesithombe, zingafakwa. Ochwepheshe bezinkulumo bangase babhekise ingane yakho ukuze ihlolwe ngokuqhubekayo, njengokuhlolwa kokulalela uma kunesidingo.
Ukwelapha Inkulumo Yabantwana Nge-Apraxia
Izingane ezine-apraxia zinzima ukukhuluma amagama amancane noma ukwenza imisindo ethile.
Umntanakho uyazi ukuthi ufuna ukuthini, kepha akubonakali ukuphuma kahle. Abahlinzeki bezinkulumo bayakufanelekela ukuhlola izingane nge-apraxia ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo eziningana, kubandakanya:
- ukuhlolwa ngomlomo- ukuhlola ukuhlushwa kwamasipha emlonyeni, izindebe noma ulimi
- Umculo wokuhlola inkulumo ngesikhathi umelaphi alalela ukubona ukuthi angakwazi ukucindezela ngokufanelekile ama-syllable athile futhi asebenzise ukujula nokumisa endaweni efanele emshweni
- ukuhlolwa komsindo okukhulunywa ngakho okuqhubekayo okucacisa ukuthi ingane ingakwazi kanjani ukumemezela imisindo, kubandakanya ama-vowels, ama-consonants kanye nenhlanganisela yomsindo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukucacisa ukuthi abanye bayakwazi kanjani ukuqonda inkulumo yengxoxo yengane
Uma ingane yakho ithola ukuthi i-apraxia, cishe izodinga ukwelapha ngezwi ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhathi eziningi ngesonto. Le thrafikhi cishe iyoba nenkulumo ejulile yokusebenzisa inkulumo yabo. Uchwepheshe uzozama ukusiza ingane yakho ukuba iqonde impendulo yokuhlola kanye namazwi okubuka noma okuthinta. Enye indlela umelaphi angenza lokhu ukuthi ingane yakho ibukeke esibukweni ngenkathi ikhuluma, noma uyirekhode ukukhuluma bese uyidlala. Izingane eziningi zijabulela lokhu. Njengoba ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kwe-apraxia kuhilela isikhathi esiningi nokuzibophezela, umhlinzeki wakho angakunika "izabelo" ukuzijwayeza nengane yakho ekhaya.
Ukwelapha Inkulumo Yokuthungatha
Ukuthungatha kuyinkinga evame ukukhula ngesikhathi seyingane kodwa ingaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukuthungatha ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengenhlobo yenkinga yokuziphatha. Abahlinzeki bezinkulumo bazozama ukufundisa ingane yakho ekhishwa amasu okuguqula ukuziphatha, okuzosiza ekulawuleni ukuthungatha kwabo. Indlela evamile engase isetshenziswe kumntanakho ukubafundisa ukulawula izinga lokukhuluma, ngoba ukukhuluma ngokushesha kungenza ukuthungatha kube nzima kwabanye abantu. Ukusebenzisa inkulumo ngendlela ehamba kancane, elula kakhulu kungasiza. Kungasiza futhi ukuqapha ukuphefumula.
Ngisho nangemva kokulashwa, abantu abathuthayo bangadinga amaseshini wokulandelela nomuthi wabo wokukhuluma ukuze bagcine inkinga ingabuyeli.
Ukwelapha Inkulumo Ye-Aphasia
I-Aphasia yisimo esibangela ubunzima bokukhuluma njengomphumela wendlela ethile yomonakalo ebuchosheni. Isimo singabuye sibe nokuhlupheka kokulalela, ukufunda nokubhala. I-Aphasia iyenzeka kubantu abaningi abadala ngemuva kokuba bebhekene nesifo sohlangothi . Abahlinzeki bezinkulumo badlala indima ebalulekile ekuhloleni i-aphasia ngokuhlola abantu ngabanye abakwazi ukuqonda abanye, baziveze, baze bagweme. Kunezinto eziningi ezehlukene ochwepheshe wezinkulumo ongayenza ukuze asize umuntu one-aphasia, kuhlanganise:
- ukubhoboza ukuthuthukisa amakhono athile olimi
- ukuphathwa kweqembu ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxoxa
- ukuzithokozisa nokubhala ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo okuxhumana
Ukwelapha Inkulumo Yokuletha Ukuhlupheka
Ingane yakho ingase ihlangane nobunzima ukugwinya ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene. Uchwepheshe wezinkulumo angasiza ingane yakho ukuba igwinye ubunzima ngokubasiza ngokuzivocavoca ukwenza umlomo wakhe ube namandla, ukwandise ukunyakaza kolimi, nokuthuthukisa ukuhlafuna. Uchwepheshe wezinkulumo angase enze izincomo ngokuvumelana kokudla. Ezinganeni, ochwepheshe wezinkulumo angasiza ekuxhumaniseni iphethini yakhe yokuphefumula.
Njengoba kukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili yizona ezinye zezinto ochwepheshe wezinkulumo abangase bakwenze. Kunezinye izimo eziningi nezindlela ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlola labo abaswele.
> Imithombo:
> Aphasia. I-website ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/Aphasia/. Ifinyelele ngo-12/29/2014
> Ingane ye-Apraxia yenkulumo. I-website ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/ChildhoodApraxia/. Ifinyelele ngo-12/29/2014.
> Ukuncelisa nokuThuthukisa izinkinga (i-Dysphagia) ku-Children. I-website ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/swallowing/Feeding-and-Swallowing-Disorders-in-Children / Ukutholakala ngo 12/29/2017.
> Ukuthungatha. I-website ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/stuttering.htm. Ifinyelele ngo-12/29/2014.
> Ububanzi Bokuzikhandla Ekukhulumeni Ngezilimi Zokukhuluma. I-website ye-American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/policy/SP2016-00343/. Kubuyekezwe i-2016. Kufinyelelwe ngo-12/29/2014.