Ucwaningo luqinisekisa ukuthi ama-breast (ama-x-ray webele) amazinga omama ase-insured ahla ngo-6% kuya ku-17% phakathi kwabamhlophe, abaseSpanishi nabase-Asia, kuyilapho abesifazane abamnyama behlehla kancane.
Ucwaningo oluholwa nguJ. Frank Wharam, MB, MBA, oluvela eHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, eBoston, futhi luxhaswe ngemali evela ku-American Cancer Society, kubika i-mammography rates eminyakeni emithathu ngemuva kwe-United States Preventive Services Task Force ka-2009 umemezele izinguquko eziqondisweni zokuhlolwa kwe-mammography.
Ithimba lokucwaninga lafunda ama-mammography amazinga angama-5.5 million abesifazane besifazane abaneminyaka engu-40-64 ababhalise ohlelweni lwe-insurer yezempilo ezweni lonke ngo-2005 kuya ku-2012.
Ukufundwa okufundwayo kushicilelwa kuyi-Internet ku-Journal of Clinical Oncology.
Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga kwenzeka eminyakeni emithathu ngokulandela umbiko ophikisanayo ngo-2009 lapho i-United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) ishintshe izincomo zokuhlelwa kwezilwane zokubamba izintambo ezenzelwe izinqumo ezihloselwe ngabanye besifazane abaneminyaka yobudala engama-40 kuya kwengu-49 futhi zihlolwe njalo eminyakeni emibili yabesifazane uneminyaka yobudala engama-50 kuya kwangu-74. I-USPSTF ishintshe lo mbiko, yenza ukuhlolwa kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engaphansi kwe-50 kuyindaba yokuzikhethela ukuxoxisana nodokotela wabo. I-American Cancer Society ibika ngalokhu kuthuthukiswa kwamuva.
Uma ucabangela lezi zincomo, khumbula izincomo ze-USPSTF zizimele kuhulumeni wase-US; hhayi isikhundla esiphezulu se-ejensi kahulumeni wase-US.
Izincomo
Ngaphambi kombiko we-USPSTF, ukuhlela kwaba yiminyaka engu-1 ukuya kweyesibili iminyaka yabesifazane besifazane kuya kwengu-49 kanye ngonyaka kanye nabesifazane abangaphezu kuka-50. Lokhu kuqhubeka isikhathi esinconywayo sokucwaninga komdlavuza wesifuba, ukwelashwa kanye nabanikezeli bezinsizakalo ezisekelayo abavame ukubona abesifazane ema-50s okuqala ukunakekelwa nge-cancer esele kamuva.
Abaningi kulaba besifazane babengakaqali ukuhlolwa kwe-mammogram kuma-40s abo.
Ngeshwa, abesifazane abaningi abadingi noma yisiphi isikhuthazo sokuyeka ukuthola i-mammogram. Akekho ofuna ukuthola i-x ray engabonisa umdlavuza. Abesifazane sebezwile noma bazi ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ukuthi i-mammogram ingaba yinto ephathekayo engathandeki kanye nokukhiqiza ukukhathazeka. Bonke bazimisele ukufakaza ngokuhlehliswa kokuba nomunye. Lokho owesifazane ngamunye okudingeka azi ukuthi i-mammogram ingathatha umdlavuza ngaphambi kokuba ikhululeke ngokwanele ukuba izwe ngoprofayili wezokwelapha ekuhlolweni kwebele olunzulu.
Izinzuzo Zamammograms Nokutholwa Okuqala
Ngo-1999 futhi ngonyaka ka-2009, ama-mammograms ami waminyaka yonke akhombisa okuthile okusolisayo ngomdlavuza webele. Akunami emdlalweni wesifo samabele ombili ongasondelene nawo angase abe nomuzwa wokuhlolwa okwenziwe ngezikhathi eziningi ngaphambi kokuba amamgogram ami. Ngamunye wayengumdlavuza wokuqala ongenasakazeka ngaphezu kwebele. Angizange ngidinge i-chemotherapy yomdlavuza.
Uma ungadingi i- chemotherapy njengengxenye yokwelapha kwakho, ugwema imiphumela eminye emibi engadambisa. Kunzima ngokwenyama abesifazane nabesilisa abaningi ukuba basebenze noma balondoloze isimiso esisebenzayo phakathi nezinyanga ezithatha ukuba baqede ukwelashwa kwabo.
I-chemotherapy ngokuvamile iholela ekulahlekelweni kwezinwele zesikhashana. I-Chemotherapy ithinta amasosha omzimba futhi ibeka labo ekwelashweni engozini enkulu yokutheleleka.
Amaqembu okukhuthaza umdlavuza webele webele abhekene nalabo besifazane abaneminyaka engama-40, manje bakholelwa ukuthi bangahle bahlehlise babe ne-mammograms kuze kube yilapho beneminyaka engu-50 ubudala. Umdlavuza wesibeletho uvame ukuba nobudlova kwabesifazane abasebancane, abangazange, okwamanje, badlule esikhathini sokuya esikhathini.
Kusukela umbiko we-USPSTF, ucwaningo oluthile lubhale izinzuzo zamammograms kwabesifazane phakathi kweminyaka engama-40 kuya kweyengu-49. Ucwaningo olulodwa, olwenziwa nguJudith Malmgren uprofesa ohlangene we-epidemiology eNyuvesi yaseWashington School of Health Public and Community Medicine wabika ukuthi "Abesifazane abaxilongwa yi-mammography kuma-40s abo bathola ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili, isinyathelo sokuqala, ukubikezela okungcono."
Ngonyaka ka-2009, ngokusho kombiko ka-2009, owesifazane udinga kuphela imitholampilo njalo eminyakeni emibili. Kodwa-ke, iqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke lamacala omdlavuza wesifuba osanda kutholakala, ngonyaka, ayenzeka kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 kuya kwangu-64 ubudala.
Kusukela ngo-1969, lapho i-mammography ifika ekusebenziseni kabanzi, kuye kwaba ukukhuphuka ukukhuphuka kwabesifazane abakhohlisayo ukuthola amammograms wonyaka. Kule minyaka edlule, sibonile amakhemikhali webele abanjwe ekuqaleni kwe-mammography.
Yebo, kunamaphesenti amancane e-cancers ezingabanjwanga kanye nama-positi amanga. Kodwa-ke, i-National Cancer Institute ithi ukuthola ukuhlolwa kwekhwalithi eliphezulu kakhulu futhi ukuhlolwa kwesifuba, njalo, yizona izindlela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zokuthola umdlavuza webele ngokushesha. Izakhiwo eziningi ze-mammography e-US manje zisebenzisa i-digital mammography ene-rekhodi yembono yokuphumelela ekutholeni amancane, isandulela sezinsana zebele.
Ngaphansi
Yilowo nalowo wesifazane okumele agcine engqondweni lapho ekhetha ukuthi uzoqala nini ukuba nomzimba wokubeletha, futhi ukuthi kaningi kangakanani ukuba nomunye, ukutholwa kokuqala nokungenelela kusindisa izimpilo; ithola umdlavuza kusenesikhathi futhi ingasindisa owesifazane ukwelashwa okudingekayo ekwelapheni umdlavuza wesinye isikhathi.
Umthombo:
I-Mammography Rates Iminyaka emithathu Emva kwe-2009 US US Preventive Services Task Force Guidelines Izinguquko J. Frank Wharam, MB, BCh, BAO, MPH, uMnyango WezeMithombo Yabantu, iHarvard Medical School neHarvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, 133 Brookline Ave, 6th Floor, eBoston , MA 02114.