Izimpukane zaqala eCalifornia okokuqala ngesikhashana-umphumela wabazali bakhetha ukugoma izingane zabo ngesifo. Ngenkathi, kunikezwa, iningi labantu lisinda lisimungumunye , abanye (ikakhulukazi abasencane kanye nabasemzimbeni).
Yini engase ishukumise abazali ukuba bagweme ukugoma okuzovikela izingane zabo ezingcupheni ezinkulu?
Abezindaba basitshela ukuthi iningi lokukhishwa kwesigciwane lisekelwe ekutheni imithi yokugoma izokwenza izingane zibe yi-autistic. Futhi ngokusobala noma yini, ngisho nokubuya kwezifo ezibucayi eziseduze-zokuqeda, kungcono kunengozi ye-autism.
Kungakadluli, ngezwa isivakashi somsakazo (esineziqinisekiso eziqinile) sithi izinkulungwane zabazali benqaba imishanguzo esekelwe isifundo se-1992-debunked ngu- Andrew Wakefield et al, okuyinto i-sorta kinda exhumanisa i-autism kumgomo wokugoma. Cishe bonke odokotela abathintekayo kulolu cwaningo baye bawuphika futhi isifundo ngokwayo sabekwa ngokomthetho yilo magazini wezokwelapha. Oh, futhi Wakefield walahlekelwa ilayisensi yakhe.
Kodwa ingabe lolu cwaningo oluncane, olwenziwe nge-debunked ludlula iminyaka engaba ngu-12 edlule ngempela luba imbangela yentuthuko enkulu? Kungani abantu bezoqhubeka bekholelwa ekutadisheni okuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi kungalungile futhi kungabi namasiko? Eqinisweni, ngenkathi ukutadisha kukaWakefield kwakubalulekile ekubambeni ukulwa nokugoma, ngokuqinisekile futhi ngeshwa akusona nje imbangela!
Phakathi neminyaka yama-1990 futhi kwaze kwafika ngonyaka ka-2000, abezindaba bazama indaba ye Wakefield. Futhi amanye abezindaba aphinde aphendulela uWakefield ngokwakhe ukuba abe ngumfel 'ukholo. Ukucabanga kuhamba into enjengale: "UWakefield uncike eqinisweni ngokuphathelene nemithi yokugoma, yizinhlayiya ngoba imishanguzo yenza imali eningi, kepha isithulisiwe."
Wakefield ngokushesha waba udumo eminye imibuthano futhi ezama "debunk" ukutadisha kwakhe sekube "ubufakazi" ngaphezulu iqhinga ngaye. Wakefield uyaqhubeka nokukhuluma nezixuku ezinkulu ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezingqungquthela ze-autism ezigxile "eminye imibono" ye-autism causation kanye nokwelapha.
Umqondo we-autism-ohlobene nomuthi wokugoma (ie "i-Big Pharma iyayibhubhisa izingane zethu ngemigomo, kodwa ngeke yamukele ngoba yenza imali eningi emitholampilo, ngakho-ke izobhubhisa noma ubani oshaya umlolo") uthathe izimpande ngezizathu eziningana.
"I-Autism" iye yahlushwa kabusha izikhathi eziningi eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, okuholela ekukhunjweni okukhulu, "okungaqondakali" okuxilongwa. Izibalo zingase zingamanga, kodwa zidideka kakhulu. Isibonelo (futhi kunezinye izibonelo eziningi), i-Asperger syndrome "yasungulwa" njengesigaba sokuhlonza ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980. Ukuxilongwa komuntu oyedwa nge-Asperger syndrome, ngaleso sikhathi, kungaba ukukhushulwa kwamaphesenti angu-100!
Ngaphezu kwalokho, incazelo ye-autism, ngokujwayelekile, yande kakhulu ukuze ihlanganise nabantu abanamabonakude amaningi. Akunzima ukwakha ishadi elibonisa ukukhula okungajwayelekile ekuxilongweni kwe-autism, kodwa kuyamangaza kunzima ukuchaza ukuthi ukukhula ngolimi olulula, oluzwakalayo.
Khona-ke, phakathi nonyaka ka-2000, inkanyezi uJenny McCarthy waphenduka umcimbi wokugoma-i-autism kumcimbi wezindaba ogcwele ngezincwadi zakhe, ukubukeka kwe-TV, ukubukeka okubukhoma, nezinye izinto ezenzekayo. Wayeqiniseka ngokuphelele, ngokusuka kolwazi lwakhe lwe "University of Google", ukuthi indodana yakhe u-Evan wayenomsoco wokugoma-futhi waba nethonya elikhulu ekucabangeni komphakathi ngale ndaba.
I-Autism Ikhuluma, okuyinto (ngenxa yamaphakheji ayo ajulile nokuxhuma okude kumithombo yezokuxhumana kanye ne-Broadway) yaba yi-gorilla ye-pounds engu-500 yokuqwashisa kwe-autism, yaqala ukuthatha umqondo wokuxhumeka kwe-autism-vaccine ngokungathí sina. Lokhu kwakuwumphumela wamasu ahlukahlukene ngaphakathi komndeni wakwaWright ogijima i-Autism Ekhuluma.
Ngesikhathi ama-Wrights asebekhulile (ugogo nomkhulu womzukulu ongumKristu we-autistic) bebengabasekeli ngempela lo mbono, indodakazi yabo uK Katie (umama kuya kobuKristu) yaqiniseka ukuthi umKristu wayelimale. Ukugcina ukuthula ngaphakathi komndeni, i-Autism Ikhuluma ihanjiswe ezinye zezimali ekucwaningweni okubheka ukuxhumeka kokugoma-autism uxhumano. Lokhu kwaholela abaningi ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi "kwakungekho ubusi ngaphandle komlilo."
Uhulumeni wesifundazwe uqhuba uhlelo lokuphulukisa ukulimala-ngoba, empeleni, imithi ingabangela ukulimala ngezinye izikhathi. Imindeni eminingana yamisa izigwegwe eziphezulu zokucela isinxephezelo ngokusekelwe kwe-autism yengane noma "ukulimala kwe-autism-like". Abanye abantu bathola isinxephezelo, nakuba lezi zimo zaziqondile (ingane yayinezinkinga zomzimba zangaphambili). Lokhu kwaholela ekucabangeni okuningi ukuthi sasibheke endle ye-iceberg yokulimala komuthi wokugoma.
I-NIH ne-CDC yaxhaswa ngezifundo eziningana ezinkulu eziye zaphikisa ngokuphelele ukuthi kungenzeka kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwe-autism nemigomo. Ngenkathi abanye abantu bekholelwa yizifundo, labo abakholelwa kakade kulesi sigameko babona lokhu njengobunye ubufakazi bokuthi uhlaka lukaHulumeni Olukhulu ne-Big Pharma luqalile. Ukuthi lezi zitholakele zisekelwa yizifundo ezizimele zomhlaba wonke zibonakala zingenanzuzo.
Ama-Bloggers e-inthanethi (amanye ama-degrees ezokwelapha) abe amagama asemakhaya awaziwayo ngaphakathi komphakathi othile wabantu. Laba bantu bachaza ukuthi (naphezu kokucwaninga ngamakhulu ososayensi emhlabeni wonke) kwacaca ukuthi imishanguzo yezinsana nezinsana yayimelwe "indlela embi kakhulu" yokuthola imithi yokuvimbela. Ngokusobala, le mbono yahamba, "ishaya" zonke izigciwane namakhemikhali ezinsaneni nasezinsana ezenza izingane zilimaze kakhulu ngendlela yokwenza i-autism.
Abalandeli abaningi be-intanethi, kanye nabahleli bekomidi le-autism, bakhuthaza "ukuphulukiswa" kwe-autism okubandakanya "ukuxosha" izingane "ezinobuthi" ezethulwa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emigodini eya ekungcoleni komoya kuya kumakhemikhali amakhemikhali emikhiqizweni nasekudleni. Izindaba zaphakanyiswa izingane "zelashwa" ze-autism ngalezi zindlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lezi zindaba ziyiqiniso yini, noma kunjalo, kuyindaba yokucabangela.
Abacwaningi abacwaningi baye banyathelisa izifundo eziningi ezibonisa ukuthi i-autism yinkinga ephethe "isakhi sezakhi zofuzo kanye ne-trigger yemvelo." Ngamanye amazwi, awuzalwanga i-autistic, uzalwa nge-predism ukuze i-autism engasuswa kuphela ngento engalungile kwimvelo. Yingabe lokho "ukuzamazama kwemvelo" kungaba khona? Kunezinkolelo eziningi, kodwa uma abazali bebukela udokotela ingane yakhe ngenaliti-futhi ingane yabo ibonisa izimpawu ze-autism phakathi kwamasonto noma izinyanga-uxhumano "olunengqondo" lwenziwa.
Zonke lezi zenzakalo, ukunyakaza, izindaba, nezinkolelo zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zenze inkolelo enamandla yokholo, ukungakholelwa, nokukhathazeka okudinga indawo. Ukuthi lo mkhiqizo uye wabangela ukuqubuka kwesimungumungwane akusiyo, mhlawumbe, kunzima kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Umbuzo we-$ 64,000, noma kunjalo, ingabe i-juggernaut ingayeka?