Ngo-Novemba 2015, i-CDC yamemezela ukuthi, ngo-2014, izibalo ze-autism phakathi kwezingane zanda ngonyaka owodwa kusukela ngo-1:68 kuya ku-1:45 abantwana.
Ngokusho kweWashington Post: Umbiko ovela kwiCenters for Disease Control and Prevention kanye neNational Center for Health Statistics ubonisa ukuthi ukusabalalisa kwe-autism kwabantwana abaneminyaka engama-3 kuya kweyishumi nantathu kwenyuka cishe amaphesenti angu-80 kusukela ngo-2011 kuya ku-2014 kuya ku-2014. 80 (noma amaphesenti angu-1,25), izingane ezine-autism-inombolo eveze izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi eminyakeni yamuva futhi inciphisa imithombo yesimo nesimo sezikole - abacwaningi manje balinganisela ukuthi ukusabalala manje sekuyi-1 ku-45 (noma amaphesenti angu-2,24).
Lezi ziphumo ezishaqisayo zisekelwe ekuhloleni kwe-CDC okushintshiwe ngonyaka odlule. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi lezo zinguquko ziye zaholela ekukhuleni okubonakalayo, kunalokho okwenziwe ngempela? Umbiko we-CDC, onesihloko esithi Estimated Prevalence of Autism nokunye ukukhubazeka okuthuthukiswayo Ukulandela I-Questionnaire Yezinguquko ku-2014 National Survey Interview Survey, kusikisela ukuthi lokho kungaba kuhle kakhulu. Akukona kuphela ukuguqulwa kocwaningo, kodwa yonke imiphumela yocwaningo ayisekelwe kumarekhodi ezokwelapha noma esikoleni, kodwa ekuphenduleni komzali - okungeke kube nenembile ngokuphelele.
Okunye okutholakele okuthakazelisayo okuvela kulolu cwaningo kubandakanya ukutholakala kweqiniso lokuthi izingane eziningi ezine-autism zivela kubazali abasha abacebile, abamhlophe, abafundisayo abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu. Nakuba lolu cwaningo alukhulumi iqiniso, izifundo zithole nokuthi ubudala babazali banomthelela engozini ye-autism.
La maqiniso atjengisa ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi amasiko noma izinkambiso zezenhlalakahle zenzeke ekubikweni nasekuhloleni.
Ucwaningo oludala lwaseDanish olubhekisisa umbuzo ophethwe ngokuthi: Izinguquko emikhuba yokubika zingabangela iningi (ngamaphesenti angu-60) okwandisa ukusabalalisa kwama-ASD ezinganeni ezelwe kusukela ngo-1980 kuya ku-1991 eDenmark. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lusekela ukuphikisana ukuthi ukukhula okubonakalayo kwama-ASD eminyakeni yamuva kuyingxenye enkulu ebangelwa izinguquko ekusebenzeni kwembiko.
Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukho mbuzo ukuthi izingane eziningi futhi kubonakala sengathi zinezifo ze-autism. Abanye abacwaningi bathi inkinga ayikho ukuthi izinombolo ziyanda kodwa ukuthi abantu abaningi nokunye baxilonga ngokunembile - futhi izinombolo zangempela ekugcineni zembulwa.
Ngakho ... ingabe i-autism iyavuka? Futhi, uma kunjalo ... ngani?
Indlela futhi Kungani Ukuhlolwa Kwe-Autism kuqala Kuqhutshwa:
I-Autism yaqale ichazwa njengesiyaluyalu esiyingqayizivele kuma-1940. Ichazwe nguDkt. Leo Kanner, futhi yayihlanganisa kuphela lezo zingane ngalokho okungachazwa namuhla ngokuthi "ukucindezeleka" noma "level 3" i-autism spectrum disorder.
Kuze kube ngo-1990, i-autism ayifakiwe emthethweni ohloswe ukuqinisekisa ukufundisa kubantu abanempilo. Ngo-1990, abantu abasha abane-Disability Education Act bangezela i-autism ohlwini lwazo lwezigaba zezingane nentsha ezenziwa ngaphansi kwesenzo. Umthetho omusha wanezela nezinsizakalo zokuguquguquka kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusiza ekudingeni. I-Autism ayingakaze ilandelwe njengesibalo semfundo ngaphambi kuka-1990. Kusukela ngo-1990, izibalo ze-autism ezikoleni zikhuphuke ngokuphawulekayo.
Ngo-1991, i-Autism Diagnostic Interview yashicilelwa. Lokhu kwakuyithuluzi lokuqala eliqashelwa ngokujwayelekile lokuhlola i-autism.
Ngonyaka we-1992, i-American Psychiatric Association yakhipha incwadi ye-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV), eyahlanza indlela yokuxilonga ye-autistic disorder. I-Autism yaba yi-disorder disorder; empeleni, kwaba khona ukuthi umuntu abe yi-autistic noma i-autistic autistic. Ukuxilongwa okusha, kufaka phakathi "ukusebenza okuphezulu" kwe-Asperger syndrome kanye ne "catch-all" PDD-NOS , kwanezelwa kubhukwana.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, ngamathuluzi amasha nokuhlola okutholakala, ukuxilongwa kwe-autism kwaqala ukukhula. Eminyakeni eyishumi phakathi kuka-1993 no-2003, inani labafundi baseMelika abanezifo zokuxilonga nge-autism landa ngamaphesenti angu-800%.
Phakathi kuka-2000 no-2010, inombolo yahamba kusuka ku-1: 150 kuya ku-1:68.
Kungani I-Autism Ithola Ukukhanya Okukhulu?
Ngokusobala, kunezikole ezimbili zomcabango ngalolu daba. Ngakolunye uhlangothi yilabo abathi ukuthi ukuguqulwa kwendlela yokuhlonza, kuhlangene nezibalo ezintsha zesikole nokwaziswa okwenziwe nge-autism konke kwakha isifo esibonakalayo (kodwa hhayi sangempela). Le mbono cishe isilungile - okungenani ngezinga elithile - kodwa ngenkathi lingase lichaze inani elikhulu lokwanda okungase lingachazi ukwanda okuthobekile.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, yilabo abathi ezinye izinto ezangaphandle zenze ukwanda kwangempela kwenani labantu abanamabonakaliso ahlolisiswa nge-autism. Kunemibono eminingi ehlukene mayelana nokuthi yini leyo yangaphandle ingase ibe - futhi (yebo) kungenzeka ukuba ihlobanise ukwanda kwe-autism ukuxilongwa ngokunyuka kwezinye izinto eziningi kusukela ekusetshenzisweni komakhalekhukhwini kuya ku-GMO ekusetshenzisweni komuthi. Nakuba ezinye zalezi zixhumanisi zibonakala zingenangqondo, abanye baye bakhanga isithakazelo esijulile kubacwaningi.
Ingabe ukutholakala kwe-Autism kusekhona?
Lo mbuzo usaqhubeka emoyeni, ikakhulukazi manje ukuthi incazelo nenqubo yokuhlola i-autism ishintshile (ngokushicilelwa ngo-2013 kwe-DSM-5). Kunezindlela eziningi ezihlukile kulokho okuzokwenzeka ngenqubo entsha. Abanye ochwepheshe balindele ukwehla kokuhlolwa kwe-autism manje ukuthi i-Asperger syndrome ne-PDD-NOS ayitholakali njengendlela yokubamba "konke". Abanye balindele ukwanda, njengoba ukuqaphela kanye nezinsizakalo zithuthukisa. Idatha entsha inikeza ukuqonda - kodwa ngokucacile, kunemibono eminingi ekusebenzeni kwayo nokusebenza kwayo!
Imithombo
- Ukuqhathaniswa okulinganiselwe kwe-Autism kanye nokukhubazeka okuthuthukiswayo okulandelayo Ukulandela Izinguquko Zemibuzo Yezinguquko ku-2014 National Survey Interview Survey,
- I-CDC Factsheet ku-Autism
- Umlando Wezemfundo Wezemfundo we-IDEA
- Hansen SN, Schendel DE, Parner ET. Ukuchaza Ukwandiswa Kokuvama Kwezithiyo Ze-Autism Spectrum: I-Proportion Ebangelwa Izinguquko Ezenzweni Zokubika. I-JAMA Pediatr. 2015; 169 (1): 56-62. i-doi: 10.1001 / i-jamapediatrics.2014.1893.
- U-Suresh, u-Arvind. I-Autism yandisa imfihlakalo ekuxazululwe: Cha, akuyona imithi yokugoma, i-GMOs glyphosate-noma ukudla okuphilayo. NgoJanuwari 9, 2015, i-Project Genetic Literacy Project.