Umbuzo:
Ngine-pacemaker eyasungulwa cishe eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili eyedlule. Ekuhloleni kwami kokugcina, udokotela wami wangitshela ukuthi ibhethri yami ye-pacemaker iyancipha futhi kuzodingeka ithathelwe endaweni ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ezizayo. Kuhle, ngangilindele ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi esithile. Kodwa udokotela wami uthi esikhundleni sokufaka nje ibhethri entsha, yonke i-pacemaker kumele isuswe, futhi kubekwe into entsha entsha. Lokhu kubonakala sengathi kuyinkunkuma. Kungani kungenakukwazi ukubeka ibhethri esikhundleni sensimbi ye-pacemaker enginayo kakade, noma kangcono okwamanje, ngifake ibhethri elayishwayo njengoba nginayo ku-iPhone yami?
Impendulo: Lezi yimiphi imibuzo emihle ngempela. Ake siqale ngokubukeza ngokufishane ukuthi yini i-pacemaker nokuthi yenzani. Bese sizokuphendula ngokuqondile imibuzo yakho ethize mayelana ne-pacemaker amabhethri.
Ama-Pacemakers - Ukubuyekeza Okusheshayo
Ngokuvamile, inhloso ye-pacemaker ukuvimbela izimpawu ezivela kwisifo se-sinus syndrome noma i- heart block , izimo ezinganciphisa izinga lakho lenhliziyo ngokwanele ukuveza izimpawu (njengobunwele obukhanyayo , i- palpitations noma i- syncope ).
I-pacemaker iqukethe ikhompyutha encane kodwa eyinkimbinkimbi, imiyalo yesofthiwe yale khompyutha, izingxenye ezihlukahlukene ze-elektroniki eziyinkimbinkimbi, nebhethri - konke okufakwe ngaphakathi kwesitsha esincane sensimbi. (I-pacemaker ejwayelekile namhlanje ibukhulu obungamaphesenti angu-50, futhi cishe izikhathi ezintathu zibe zinkulu.) Ama-packaemaker ngokuvamile afakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngezansi kwe-collarbone, futhi axhunyiwe yizintambo - noma izintambo ezifakiwe - enhliziyweni yakho amakamelo.
I-pacemaker ihlola isigqi senhliziyo yakho, ishaye-by-beat, futhi yenza izinqumo zesikhashana-mzuzu ukuthi ngabe kufanele yini ijubane inhliziyo yakho noma cha. Uma izinga lakho lenhliziyo liwela ngezansi kwenani elinqunyiwe ngaphambili, "izinyathelo" ngokuthumela umfutho omncane kagesi enhliziyweni yakho ngokuhola, ngaleyo ndlela ivuse inhliziyo yakho ukushaya.
Abanjiniyela abakha ama-pacemakers kwakudingeka baxazulule izinkinga eziningana ezinzima, enye eyinkimbinkimbi kunayo yonke indlela yokugcina i-pacemaker isebenza kahle, ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu, iminyaka eminingana.
Umzimba Wabantu Uyisendaweni Esingahloniphi Ngayo I-Pacemaker
Ingaphakathi lomzimba womuntu yindawo efudumele, emanzi futhi enomusa - indawo enonya kakhulu kunoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-elekthronikhi. Ngakho phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-pacemaker kumele ibe uphawu oluyimfihlo (ukugcina umswakama kanye nokuphuma kwamanzi emzimbeni), futhi izingxenye zayo ezibucayi ze-elekthronikhi kufanele zenzelwe ukusinda nokusebenza kule ndawo enonya isikhathi eside. Abanjiniyela baye baba kuhle kakhulu ekwakheni la madivaysi ukuba bahlale iminyaka eminingi, kanti izinga lokuhluleka kwabasebenzi be-pacemaker, ngokujwayelekile, lihle ngaphansi kwe-1% ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokusetshenziswa.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi abagibeli bezimoto babe uphawu oluyimfihlo ukuze bavikele la madivaysi esimweni esinonya okufanele basebenze ngaso. Uma ama-pacemakers bekwazi ukuvulwa ukuze ibhethri ingashintshwa, ukuvalwa uphawu kwe-hermetic kwakungenakwenzeka. Esikhundleni salokho, ibhethri kufanele ifakwe unomphela ngaphakathi kwedivayisi, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izingxenye ze-electronic ezincane.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani kungenakwenzeka ukwenza ama-pacemakers anebhethri engena esikhundleni.
Kungani amabhethri we-Pacemaker angabuyiselwa?
Ubuchwepheshe bokuvuselela amabhethri ngaphandle kwentambo (inqubo eyaziwa nangokuthi ukushaja okukhiphayo) sekuye kwaphela amashumi ambalwa eminyaka, futhi ungathenga ama-rechargeers angenawaya ngamafoni wakho omakhalekhukhwini namuhla.
Ngakho kungani izinkampanini ze-pacemaker zakha ama-pacemaker avuselelekayo?
Ungamangala uma uthola ukuthi ama-pacemakers asetshenziswe ekuqaleni kuka-1958 ayephethe amabhethri e-nickel-cadmium (NiCad) avuselelekayo, futhi abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri avuselelekayo kuzohlale kudingekile kumadivaysi kagesi angeneka.
Lawa ma-pacemakers aphinde avuselelwe ngokubamba ikhoyili ekhulayo ngokumelene nesikhumba, eduze ne-pacemaker, amahora amaningana. Le nqubo kwakudingeka iphindwe njalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.
Ama-pacemakers angabuyiselwayo ekugcineni ahluleka ngenxa yezizathu ezimbili. Okokuqala, yize ziphinde zishaywe kabusha, amabhethri e-NiCad anempilo encane yokusebenza, ngakho-ke lezi zintambo zomshuwalense kwakudingeka zishintshwe kaningi.
Kodwa ngokubaluleke nakakhulu, ngokubaluleka komuntu ukuthi yikuphi, abantu abanama-pacemaker ngezinye izikhathi bahluleka ukulayisha kabusha amadivayisi abo ngokulandela isimiso esibucayi esabekwa kuso. Abameli babika ukuthi izinkampani zakwa-pacemaker zithi uma isiguli sibhekene nengozi ngoba i-pacemaker yakhe yayeka ukusebenza - ukuthi ukwehluleka kwakuyinkinga yenkampani noma ngenxa yokuthi isiguli asinaki ukuvuselela idivayisi - izigwegwe ezalandela zingase zikhiphe imali.
Phakathi neminyaka embalwa, amabhethri e-mercury-zinc asetshenziselwa ukugcina i-pacemaker iqhubeka iminyaka emibili. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, amabhethri e-lithium-iodide asetshenziselwa ukuthi asebenze isikhathi eside kunalokho: iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi. Ngakho isidingo esicindezelayo se-pacemakers esasanda kuvuselelwa sanciphisa, kuyilapho usongo oluseduze lokwephula umthetho.
Ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nomsebenzi wezomthetho, ama-pacemaker avuselelwa ngokushesha ashiywa.
Kungani Angeke Bakwazi Ukwenza Amabhethri A-Pacemaker Ekugcineni Kakhulu Kunokuba Ayenze Manje?
Iqiniso liwukuthi, bangenza amabhethri e-pacemaker ahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu kunalokho enza manje. Eqinisweni, ngawo-1960 nangama-1970, izinkampani ezimbalwa ze-pacemaker zenza izinyathelo zomshuwalense we-nuclear-powered amandla eziphethwe yi-plutinium-238 - enesigamu seminyaka engama-87 - ngakho-ke la ma-pacemaker ayeqinisekiswe ukuthi angaphumi " ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesiguli. Ngempela, ezimbalwa zalezi zintuthuko zingase zisasebenza namuhla.
Kwakukhona izinkinga ezithile ezibonakalayo ezinokuthula kwezikhali zenuzi: okokuqala, i-plutonium iyisisindo esiyingozi kakhulu, futhi ngisho noma inani elincinci lidonsela egazini, ukufa kuzobe kutholakala ngokushesha. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi iputonium ngokusobala yinto enesithakazelo esikhulu kubalawuli (futhi ngisho nezici ezimnyama emiphakathini yethu), abantu abanezikhukhula ezinzima babhekana nezinkinga, isibonelo, lapho bezama ukuhamba phesheya kwezilwandle. Odokotela abafake lawa madivaysi kwakudingeka, ngaphansi komthethonqubo oqinisekiswe yiKhomishane Yezokulawula I-Nuclear Regulatory Commission, ukubuyisela labo abaphefumulayo ekufeni kwesiguli, okuyinto (ngenxa yokuthi iziguli zihamba kanye nodokotela abaqashile emsebenzini) azibonakali ngokuphelele.
Kukhona inkinga encane ebonakalayo ne-pacemakers enezibhethri ezihlala "kuze kube phakade." Iqiniso liwukuthi wonke amadivaysi e-elektroniki agcina ehluleka.Izingxenye ze-elekthroniki ziphuka noma ziphela nje. Uma i-pacemaker ihluleka ngoba ibhethri iphelile, okungenani lokho kuhamba kancane kancane futhi Umcimbi ongenakwenzeka. Njengoba wena ngokwakho usho, udokotela wakho uyazi ukuthi ibhetri yakho ye-pacemaker izohluleka ngonyaka ozayo noma kunjalo, ngakho-ke uhlela uhlelo lokukhetha i-pacemaker esikhundleni sakho, kodwa uma ngabe i-pacemaker yakho ingaphumeleli ngoba enye amanye amakhomikhali kagesi ngaphakathi kwawo ngokungazelelwe ayeke ukusebenza ..., ukuthi ukuhluleka kwe-pacemaker kungaba yingozi kakhulu. Kungase kuvele kungazelelwe ukuhamba, ngaphandle kokuxwayisa - futhi ungase ube nengozi enkulu.
Uma izinkampani zaqala ukwakha i-pacemakers ezinamabhethri ahlala isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi, ngezinhlobo zezinto zobuchwepheshe ezikhona namuhla, abaningi be-pacemakers bazobhekana nokuhluleka okungazelelwe, okulimazayo. Kunalokho, i-pacemakers yenzelwe ukuze ingxenye yokuqala engase "ihluleke" ibhethri, futhi njengoba "ukwehluleka" kungabikezelwa kusengaphambili, idivayisi ingashintshwa ngaphambi kokuthi iyeke ukusebenza ngokuphelele.
Kungenzeka, yebo - futhi mhlawumbe - ukuthi esikhathini esizayo, ezinye izingxenye zomboni ezidingekayo ekwakheni i-pacemakers zizokwenziwa eziqinile kakhulu ngaphandle kokubiza izindleko. Uma lolo suku lufika, onjiniyela bangakha amabhethri azohlala isikhathi eside kunanamuhla.
Kodwa ngobuchwepheshe bwanamuhla, i-pacemaker ehlala iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi ibonakala iyinjiniyela "indawo enhle" - okwamanje.
Izwi elivela
Ama-Pacemakers ayimangalisa yobunjiniyela, futhi ukusebenza kwabo nokuthembeka kwabo kuthuthukile kakhulu ngoba lezi zinto zaqalwa kuqala. Kodwa kusekhona indawo yokuthuthukiswa. Ucwaningo oluningi nentuthuko lwenziwa ngabakhiqizi be-pacemaker ukuthuthukisa amadivaysi okulula ukuwafaka, aphephe futhi ahlale isikhathi eside kakhulu kunanamuhla - mhlawumbe, ngokuphila komuntu owamukela owodwa.
> Imithombo:
> Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. U-ACCF / U-AHA / HRS Ukugxilwa Okugxilwe Kweziqondiso Zika-2008 Zokwelapha okusekelwe kudivayisi ye-Cardiac Rhythm Okungajwayelekile: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Foundation / i-American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice kanye ne-Heart Rhythm Society. Ukujikeleza ngo-2012; 126: 1784.