Ukuthuthuka kwabadlali be-pacemaker yenhliziyo eminyakeni edlule kwenze la madivayisi aphephe, futhi aphumelele futhi athembekile. Abantu abanama-pacemaker ngokuvamile bangabangela ukuphila okungenakuvinjelwa ngokuphelele. Uma une-pacemaker noma utshelwe ukuthi udinga eyodwa, lesi sihloko kufanele sikusize uqonde ukuthi yini i-pacemaker eyenzayo, nokuthi yini ongayilindela kuyo.
Yini i-Pacemaker?
I-pacemaker iyinkimbinkimbi encane kodwa eyinkimbinkimbi ye-electronic efakwe ngaphansi kwesikhumba ukusiza ukulawula ukushaya kwenhliziyo.
Ngokucacile, ama-pacemakers ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa ukwelapha ama- arrhythmias amaningi enhliziyo akhiqiza i- bradycardia -inhliziyo ephuza kakhulu. Imilolo yenhliziyo ebangela i-bradycardia i- sinus syndrome egulayo kanye ne- heart block . Abakwa-Pacemaker ngokuvamile baqede izimpawu ezibangelwa yi-bradycardia kuhlanganise nobuthakathaka , ukukhathala, ikhanda eliphansi , isizungu , noma i- syncope (ukulahlekelwa kokuqonda).
Kwabanye abantu abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo , uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-pacemaker lungasiza ukuxhumanisa ukushaya kwamagumbi ezinhliziyo-i-atria nama-ventricles. Lawa ma-pacemaker akhethekile-okuthiwa ama- cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) amadivaysi- angathuthukisa kakhulu umsebenzi wezinhliziyo kanye nezimpawu kubantu abaningi abanokuhluleka kwenhliziyo.
Ama-Pacemakers Asebenza Kanjani?
Ngokuphambene nalokho okungenzeka ukuthi uke wakuzwa, abanikezeli be-pacemakers abawuthathi umsebenzi wenhliziyo. Ngemuva kokuba une-pacemaker, inhliziyo yakho isenza yonke imisebenzi yayo.
Kunalokho, i-pacemaker ikusiza nje ukulawula isikhathi nokulandelana kwenhliziyo yakho.
Ama-packaemaker anezinxenye ezimbili ezinkulu: i-generator kanye nomhola.
I-generator impela ikhompyutha encane (kanye nebhethri nezinye izingxenye zikagesi), igcinwe kwisitsha se-titanium esisongeni.
Iningi lamanje lamanzi lamanzi lamanje lanamuhla lilingana nengxenye ye-50-cent futhi cishe izikhathi ezintathu ezinzima.
Ukuhola kuyinkambo eguquguqukayo, ehlanjululwayo ethwala izimpawu kagesi emuva naphakathi kwe-generemaker generem and heart. Omunye wokuphela kokuhola kufakwe ku-generator, kanti omunye umkhawulo ufakwa phakathi kwe-vein enhliziyweni. Abaningi be-pacemakers namuhla basebenzisa izindlela ezimbili; enye ibekwa ku-atrium elungile kanti enye i-ventricle efanele.
Ama-Pacemakers afakwa ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo. I-generator ifakwa ngaphansi kwesikhumba, ngaphansi kwe-collarbone. Imikhombandlela ihanjiswe nge-vein eseduze futhi iqhubekela esimweni esifanele ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo, futhi iziphetho zazo zixhunyiwe ku-generator. Inqubo yokufakela imishini ngokuvamile ithatha imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwehora.
Uma sekufakiwe, i-pacemaker isebenza ngokuqapha umsebenzi wegesi kagesi, futhi sinquma ukuthi noma nini "ukuhamba." Uma izinga lakho lenhliziyo liba buthaka kakhulu, idivayisi iyahamba ngokudlulisela isignali encane kagesi kumsikilini wenhliziyo, okwenza ukuba inkontileka.
I-Pacing ingenziwa kusuka ku-atrium efanele, i-ventricle efanele, noma kokubili. I-pacemaker inquma ngesisekelo sokushaya noma ngabe siyadingeka yini, futhi uma kunjalo, lapho amakamelo kufanele ahambe khona.
Lokhu "ukuhamba okuhlakaniphile" kuqinisekisa ukuthi isilinganiso senhliziyo esifanele ngaso sonke isikhathi sigcinwa ngezidingo zomzimba ngokushesha, nokuthi umsebenzi wezinkamelo zomoya zihlelwe njalo.
Ama-Pacemaker "alungiselelwa," okusho ukuthi imisebenzi ethile abenzayo ingashintshwa noma kunini. Ukuhlela i-pacemaker kwenziwa nge-wireless ukuthumela imiyalelo emisha ku-generator, usebenzisa idivayisi ekhethekile ebizwa ngokuthi isimiso. Isibonelo, udokotela wakho angaphinda aphinde ahlele kabusha i-pacemaker yakho ukuze ushintshe amazinga okuzohamba ngayo inhliziyo yakho.
Linganisa-Ama-Pacemakers aphendulayo
Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuhamba, abagibeli bezimoto babekwazi ukuhamba ngesivinini esisodwa senhliziyo.
Noma nini lapho isifo senhliziyo esisodwa sangaphakathi singena ngaphansi kwesilinganiso sokubeka ngaphambilini (sisho, ukushaya okungu-70 ngomzuzu), i-pacemaker izoqala ukuhamba ngezinga elilinganiselwe.
Kodwa namuhla, cishe wonke ama-pacemakers anokukwazi ukushintsha izinga abahamba ngayo, kuye ngezidingo zakho eziphuthumayo. Lezi zitholampilo zibizwa ngokuthi i-pacemakers esabela kahle.
Ama-pacemakers aphendulayo angasebenzisa enye yobuchwepheshe obuningi ukuze banqume isilinganiso senhliziyo esiphezulu, kodwa ezimbili, ikakhulukazi, zifakazele ukuthi ziwusizo ngempela. Enye yalezi inzwa yomsebenzi, okuthola ukunyakaza komzimba. Uma usebenza ngokwengeziwe, ngokushesha i-pacemaker izothuthukisa inhliziyo yakho (ngaphakathi kwezinga lezinhliziyo ezibekwa udokotela wakho). Enye indlela evame ukusetshenziselwa ukushintsha izinga lokuhamba nge-sensing yokuphefumula, okulinganisa izinga lokuphefumula. Uma usheshe uphefumula, usebenza ngokwengeziwe (mhlawumbe), futhi ngokushesha ukuhamba phambili kuzoba (futhi, ngaphakathi kwebanga lokubeka ngaphambilini). Noma yikuphi ubuchwepheshe buvumela abagijimi be-pacemaker ukuba bafanise izinguquko ezivamile, zesikhashana nomzuzu wokwenyuka kwenhliziyo okuzohlinzeka ngesigqi senhliziyo evamile.
I-Pacemaker Yakho Kufanele Yivame Kangakanani Ukushaya Inhliziyo Yakho?
Iningi labantu abane-pacemakers, isimiso segesi segesi empeleni sikhiqiza iningi lezinyosi zenhliziyo. I-pacemaker ikhona ikakhulukazi ngokuthi "i-valve yokuphepha," ukuvimbela iziqephu ezithile ze-bradycardia ezingalungile.
Kwamanye abantu i-pacemaker isebenza ngokuyinhloko esimweni sokuphendula izinga, ukuvumela isilinganiso senhliziyo ukuba sikhulise ngokufanele ngesikhathi sokuvivinya umzimba. Ngesikhathi bephumula, i-pacemaker ngokuvamile ayihambisani. Ukuhamba nge-rate-respondent ephendulayo kuvumela ukuba basebenze kakhulu ngokukhathala okungaphezulu.
Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu banezinhlobo ezimbi kakhulu ze-bradycardia futhi bangadinga ukuhamba phambili ngaso sonke isikhathi. Laba bantu bavame ukuthuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima uma i-pacemaker yabo kufanele ihlale isebenza ngendlela evamile. Ngakho odokotela babhekisela kubo ngokuthi "abancike ezintweni eziphilayo."
Ukuphila Kufana Nani Ne-Pacemaker?
Ama-Pacemakers kufanele avimbele noma aqede izinkinga, hhayi ukuzenza. Futhi ngokuvamile, yilokho abakwenzayo.
Uma nje ulandela izixwayiso ezimbalwa ezilula, futhi ulandele imiyalelo kadokotela wakho ukuze ihlolwe idivayisi yakho ngezikhathi ezithile, ungahlela ekuholeni ukuphila okungenakho kwemingcele ebangwa yi-pacemaker ngokwayo. Uzodinga ukuthi i-pacemaker yakho ihlolwe ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi lapho ibhethri iqala ukufika phansi (ngokuvamile emva kweminyaka engu-7-10) i-generemaker ye-pacemaker izodinga ukushintshwa. (Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela elula yokuphulukisa iziguli.) Ezimweni eziningi, abantu bangakhohlwa ngokuphelele ukuthi bane-pacemaker kuzo zonke izikhathi. Nansi ingxoxo eyengeziwe mayelana nokuphila nge-pacemaker.
> Imithombo:
> Brignole M, Auricchio A, Baron-Esquivias G, et al. 2013 > Iziqondiso ze-ESC ze-Cardiac Pacing kanye ne-Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: I-Task Force ye-Cardiac Pacing nokuHlanganisa nokuHlelwa kwe-European Society of Cardiology (ESC) >. Kuthuthukiswe ekuhlanganyeleni ne-European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). I-Eur Heart J 2013; 34: 2281.
> Tracy CM, Epstein AE, Darbar D, et al. 2012 ACCF / AHA / HRS > Ukubuyekezwa okugxilwe kweZikhombandlela zika-2008 ze-Therapy-based Therapy of Rhythm Rhythm: Umbiko we-American College of Cardiology Foundation / American Heart Association Task Force on Guidelines Practice kanye ne-Heart Rhythm Society >. Ukujikeleza ngo-2012; 126: 1784.