Isifo se-autoimmune neuromuscular
I-Myasthenia gravis iyisifo se-neuromuscular autoimmune. Ngokujwayelekile, isimiso somzimba samasosha omzimba senza ama-antibodies ahlasele amagciwane ahlasela umzimba. "Ukuzenzekela ngokuzenzakalelayo" kusho ukuthi amasosha omzimba omuntu angasebenzi futhi adala amasosha omzimba ahlasela amangqamuzana omuntu. E-myasthenia gravis, i-antibodies iphazamisa ukudluliselwa kwezibonakaliso zesisindo emisipha.
Ngamanye amazwi, imisipha ayitholi isibonakaliso esivela emisipha yokuhambisa.
Ubani Osesengozini?
I-Myasthenia gravis ayizuze njengefa, futhi ayithelelanga. Akucaci ukuthi kungani abantu behlakulela lesi sifo, nakuba abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungabangela inkinga yezakhi. E-United States, abantu abangaba ngu-14 kwabangu-100 000 bakhula i-myasthenia gravis, nakuba abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi izinombolo cishe ziphakeme ngoba lesi sifo asihlolwanga kahle. Kwabesifazane, lesi sifo ngokuvamile siqala kuma-20s no-30; kubantu, ngokuvamile ngemva kweminyaka yobudala engu-50.
Izimpawu
Ngokuvamile, umuntu uyoba nobuthakathaka obuthakathaka obukodwa hhayi ukukhathala noma ukukhathala jikelele. Imisipha evame ukuthinteka yilezi:
- Amajwabu ama-drooping (uphawu lokuqala ku-2/3 lwazo zonke iziguli)
- Ukubuthakathaka komlomo, okuholela enkingeni yokuhlafuna, ukugwinya, noma ukukhuluma (isibonakaliso sokuqala ku-1/6 yeziguli)
- Ukubuthakathaka kwesibindi noma emlenzeni (okungavamile njengempawu yokuqala)
Enye into ewukuthi ubuthakathaka buhluka phakathi nosuku, ngokuvamile luba mnene uma umuntu evuka kodwa ehamba kakhulu njengoba usuku luqhubeka, ikakhulukazi uma lowo muntu esebenzisa imisipha ethintekile okuningi. Lokhu buthakathaka kuhlukile kunalokho, isibonelo, ukhathala umuntu angase azizwe emilenzeni yakhe ngemuva kokuma noma ukusebenza usuku lonke.
"Ubuthakathaka" kusho ukungakwazi ukuhambisa, noma nje ukukwazi ukuhambisa, ukuhlukumeza okuthile.
Ezinye izici ezenza ubuhlungu obuthakathaka bube buhlungu kakhulu ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo, ukugula (ikakhulukazi izifo zokuphefumula ezibangelwa amagciwane), izinkinga ze-thyroid , ukwanda kwezinga lomzimba, ukuya esikhathini nokukhulelwa.
Ukuxilongwa
Uma umuntu enezimpawu eziphakamisa ukuthi kungenzeka abe ne-myasthenia gravis, kunezivivinyo ezingenziwa ukuze ziqiniseke. Isivivinyo esicacile kakhulu ukuhlola igazi ngokuba khona kwamagciwane omzimba ajwayelekile usebenzisa i-acetylcholine receptor test antibody. Ubukhona be-antibodies buqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezifo.
Olunye uvivinyo olunokwethenjelwa luhlolo lwe-edrophonium chloride (ukuhlolwa kwe-Tensilon). Lezi zimakhemikhali zifakwe emgodini, futhi uma amandla omzimba ethuthuka ngemva kokunikezwa, kuyisekelo eliqinile lokuxilongwa. Kodwa-ke, ngezinye izikhathi eyodwa noma zombili lezi zivivinyo zibi noma azicaci kumuntu obonakala sengathi une-myasthenia gravis.
Ukwelapha
Imithi ejwayelekile ye-myasthenia gravis ihlanganisa:
- Imithi efana ne-Mestinon (pyridostigmine bromide) ne-Prostigmin (neostigmine bromide)
- Imithi ye-corticosteroid njenge-prednisone
- Imithi evimbela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njenge-Imuran (azathioprine) ne-cyclosporine
- Ukususwa kwe-thymus gland (thymectomy), isitho esiyinhloko kwisistimu yomzimba
- Ukushintshaniswa kwe-plasma (plasmapheresis), lapho i-plasma yegazi lomuntu equkethe ama-antibodies angavamile isusiwe futhi i-plasma entsha ibuyiselwa emuva
Umbono Wesikhathi Eside
Abantu abane-myasthenia gravis bangase babe nokuphila okugcwele ezimweni eziningi. Ngezinye izikhathi ubuthakathaka bemisipha buxazulula iphuzu lokungabi yinkinga (ebizwa ngokuthi ukukhululwa okuzenzakalelayo). Kwabanye abantu, ubuthakathaka bukhona kuphela emajukwini. Kwabanye, ubuthakathaka buya phambili futhi luhlale kuleso simo. Ngokuvamile, futhi ngokuvamile eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokudabuka, ubuthakathaka bungase bufinyelele emisipha elawula ukuphefumula, futhi lowo muntu uzodingeka afike esibhedlela.
Akukho ukwelashwa kwe-myasthenia gravis, kepha ukwelashwa kuvame ukuphumelela ekunciphiseni izinkinga zayo.
Abacwaningi abheka ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo bagxila ekulungiseni inkinga kwisimiso somzimba sokuvikela omzimba esakha ama-antibodies angavamile. Abacwaningi bahlola konke okwenzekayo emzimbeni okwenzeka ngokukhululwa kwama-antibodies, ukubona ukuthi bangaphazamisa inqubo endleleni futhi bayeke ama-antibodies ekubangela izinkinga.
Umthombo:
> "Iyini i-Myasthenia Gravis?" Mayelana ne-Myasthenia Gravis. 15 Feb 2007. I-Myasthenia Gravis Foundation yaseMelika.