I-Bone marrow disorder
E-anemia ye-aplastic (AA), umnyofu wethambo uyeka ukwenza amangqamuzana egazi abomvu, amangqamuzana egazi amhlophe, namaplatelet. I-anemia ye-aplastiki ingase ivele kunoma yikuphi ubudala kodwa itholakale kaningi kaningi ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Isiyaluyalu senzeka kubantu abangababili kuya kwabayisithupha kubantu abayizigidi emhlabeni jikelele.
Abantu abangaba ngu-20% bahlakulela i-anemia ye-aplastic njengengxenye ye-syndrome ezuzwe njengefa njenge- Fanconi anemia , i-dyskeratosis congenita, noma i- Blackfan Diamond anemia .
Abantu abaningi (80%) bathole i-anemia ye-aplastic, okusho ukuthi ibangelwa izifo ezinjenge-hepatitis noma i-Epstein-Barr virus, ukutholakala kobuhlungu emisebeni namakhemikhali, noma izidakamizwa ezifana ne-chloramphenicol noma i-phenylbutazone. Ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi i-anemia ye-inflastic ingaba yimbangela yesifo esizimele.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu ze-anemia ye-aplastic ziza kancane kancane. Izimpawu zihlobene namazinga aphansi amangqamuzana egazi:
- Izinombolo eziphansi zamangqamuzana egazi abomvu zidala i-anemia, enezimpawu ezinjengokuphathwa ikhanda, isizungu, ukukhathala, kanye nephunga (pallor)
- Izinombolo eziphansi zamaplatelet (okudingekayo ukugubha igazi) kubangela ukuphuma kwegazi okungavamile kusuka emasimini, impumulo, noma ukulimaza ngaphansi kwesikhumba (izindawo ezincane ezibizwa ngokuthi i-petechiae)
- Izinombolo eziphansi zamangqamuzana egazi ezimhlophe (okudingekayo ukulwa nokutheleleka) zidala izifo ezithathelwanayo noma ukugula okuqhubekayo.
Ukuxilongwa
Izimpawu ze-anemia ye-insist ngokuvamile zikhomba indlela yokuxilongwa. Udokotela uzothola inani eliphelele legazi legazi (CBC) futhi igazi lizohlolwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope (igazi smear).
I-CBC izobonisa amazinga aphansi amangqamuzana abomvu, amaseli amhlophe, namaplatelets egazini. Ukubuka amangqamuzana ngaphansi kwe-microscope kuzohlukanisa i-anemia ye-inslastic kwezinye izifo zegazi.
Ngaphezu kokuhlolwa kwegazi, i-bone marrow biopsy (isampula) izothathwa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
E-anemia ye-aplastic, izobonisa ambalwa amangqamuzana egazi amasha akhiwa. Ukuhlola umnkantsha wamathambo kusiza ukuhlukanisa i-inflasmatic anemia kusuka kwezinye izifo zesikhumba samathambo, njenge-myelodysplastic disorder noma i-leukemia.
Isiteji
Ukuhlukanisa noma ukubeka isifo lesi sifo kuncike ezimisweni ze-International Aplastic Anemia Study Group, echaza amazinga ngokusho kwezinombolo zamangqamuzana egazi akhona ekuhlolweni kwegazi kanye ne-bone marrow biopsy. I-anemia ye-aplastiki ihlukaniswa njengesiyingi (MAA), i-SAA), noma i-VSAA.
Ukwelapha
Kubantu abasebasha abane-anemia ye-aplastic, umnkantso wamathambo noma ukufakelwa kwe-stem cell kufaka esikhundleni somnkantsha weziphambeko onokukhubazeka ngamangqamuzana aphethwe igazi. Ukutshala izihlahla kuthatha izingozi eziningi, ngakho-ke ngezinye izikhathi akusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kubantu abadala noma asebekhulile. Abantu abangaba ngu-80% abathola ukufakelwa komnkantsha wamathambo baphinde bavuselele ngokuphelele.
Kubantu abadala, ukwelashwa kwe-anemia ye-aplastic kugxile ekwenzeni ukuvimbela isistimu yomzimba nge-Atgam (i-anti-thymocyte globulin), i-Sandimmune (i-cyclosporine), noma i- Solu-Medrol (methylprednisolone), yedwa noma inhlanganisela. Ukusabela ekunakekeleni izidakamizwa kuyashesha, futhi cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabantu zibuyele emuva, ezingase ziphendule kumjikelezo wesibili wemithi.
Abantu abane-anemia ye-inslastic bayokwelashwa ngumchwepheshe wegazi (i-hematologist).
Njengoba abantu abane-anemia ye-aplastic babe nezinombolo eziphansi zamangqamuzana egazi elimhlophe, basengozini enkulu yokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, ukuvimbela ukutheleleka, futhi ukuphatha ngokushesha uma kwenzeka, kubalulekile.
Umthombo:
"I-anemia ye-aplastic." Mayelana Nezifo. 10 Nov 2006. I-Aplastic Anemia & MDS International Foundation, Inc .. 2 Dec 2006