Umbuzo: Ungachaza kanjani Amanani Okuhluleka Ukulawula Ukuzalwa?
"Ngiyaludideka kakhulu ngokuthi ngingachaza kanjani izinga lokuhluleka, okwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi ukulawulwa kokubeletha okuthile kuphumelela kangakanani. Ngokwesibonelo, ngifunda ukuthi izinga lokuhluleka kwamakhondomu li-2-15% uma imibhangqwana engu-100 ilala ngesondo njalo unyaka. Ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umbhangqwana ulala ocansini izikhathi eziyi-100 ngonyaka, bese usebenzisa amakondomu njalo, ukuthi kunethuba eli-2-15% lokuthi ukukhulelwa kuzokwenzeka?
Futhi, kungani kukhona ububanzi ezingeni lokuhluleka kwezinye izindlela zokulawula ukubeletha hhayi abanye? "
Impendulo:
Ukuze ukhethe indlela engcono yokulawulwa kokuzalwa kwakho futhi ukwandise ukusebenza kwayo, kubalulekile ukuthi uqonde ukuthi ungachaza kanjani izinga lokuhluleka kokulawula ukuzalwa. Ngingathanda ukukhomba, kodwa, ukuthi izinga lokuhluleka lihloswe ukuba lilinganiselwe ngokulinganayo lokulawulwa kokuzalwa kokubeletha - kodwa akuzona okuphelele. Amazinga amaningi okuhluleka anqunywa ekucwaningweni kocwaningo ngemitholampilo nabantu abathintekayo besampula. Ngokweqile, kungenzeka ukuthi amachibi ahlukahlukene asebenzisa indlela efanayo yokulawula ukuzalwa angenza amazinga ahlulekayo okuhlukana. Abacwaningi bazama ukunciphisa lokhu ngokusebenzisa inombolo enkulu yabahlanganyeli abahlukahlukene. Izinga lokuhluleka, ocwaningweni, lingathinteka nakumanani omphakathi, amazinga ezemfundo, isiko kanye nenqubo yokufundisa esetshenziselwa ukufundisa indlela yokusebenzisa indlela yokukhulelwa.
Lokho kuthiwa, lo umbuzo omuhle futhi umqondo ovame ukuqondwa kahle. Ngakho-ke, kusho ukuthini uma ufunda amakhondomu anezinga le-2-15% lokuhluleka? Kanti enye indlela yokuqonda lokhu ukuthi amakhondomu angama-85-98% aphumelelayo. Izinga lokuphumelela lihlukile kwezinga lokuhluleka ... ngokuyisisekelo ususa izinga lokuhluleka kusuka ku-100, futhi lelo nani lizinga lokusebenza lokulawula ukuzalwa.
Izinga lokuhluleka libalwe ngendlela ngayinye ngendlela yokulawulwa kokuzalwa ngokususelwa kwinani lokukhulelwa okugwenywe ngokusebenzisa leyo mithi, noma umehluko phakathi kwenani lokukhulelwa okulindeleke ukuba lenzeke uma kungekho ndlela esetshenzisiwe kanye nenombolo kulindeleke ukuba yenzeke ngaleyo ndlela . Indlela efanele yokuhumusha izinga lokuphumelela kokulawula ukuzalwa / izinga lokuhluleka kanje:
Ukusebenzisa amakhondomu njengesibonelo - Amakhondomu angama-85-98% aphumelelayo (okusho ukuthi anesilinganiso sokuhluleka se-2-15%).
Lokhu kusho ukuthi: kubo bonke abesifazane abangu-100 abalingani babo abasebenzisa amakhondomu, ababili kuya ku-15 bazokhulelwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokusetshenziswa. Ngakho-ke, izinga lokuhluleka alisho ukuthi ulala ocansini kangakanani, lihlanganisa inani labantu (100) abasebenzisa leyo ndlela ngaphezu konyaka owodwa.
Isizathu sokuthi ungabona ibanga kumazinga afana nokuthi "ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile" ngokumelene "ukusetshenziswa okuphelele" :
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinga lokusebenzisa ukwehluleka okujwayelekile kubonisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye usebenzisa kanjani ukukhulelwa kwemithi. Lezi zindleko zisebenza kubantu abakhulelwe ngenkathi bengasebenzisi njalo ukukhulelwa kwabo ngendlela efanele kanye / noma njalo. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi bakuthola kuyinselele ekusebenziseni ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa njalo futhi ngokuthembekile .
- Ukusetshenziswa kwezinga eliphelele lokusetshenziswa kwezindleko kubonisa ukukhulelwa okwenzeka nabantu ngabanye nakuba besebenzisa njalo ukukhulelwa kwabo ngendlela efanele futhi njalo.
Izindlela zokuhluleka komsebenzisi ezijwayelekile zivame ukuphakama kunokusebenzisa okuphelele ngoba, ngokusobala, ukuvimbela ukubeletha akusetshenziswanga ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, lapho amazinga okuhluleka evezwa ebangeni, inamba ephansi imelela ukusetshenziswa okuphelele futhi inamba ephakeme ingokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile. Izindlela zokulawula ukubeletha ezidinga okungaphezu komuntu okufanele akwenze (okungukuthi, khumbula ukusebenzisa, ukufakwa noma ukufakwa ngendlela ethile, ukusetshenziselwa esikhathini esithile, njll), kunomthelela wokuba nezinga eliphezulu lokuhluleka ngoba kunamathuba amaningi iphutha . Ngezinye izikhathi, ngeke ubone ibanga ekuhlulekeni kwamazinga; lokhu kusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okujwayelekile kuyalingana nokusetshenziswa okuphelele.
Lokhu kuvame ukuba yinkinga yokukhulelwa okufakwe noma eyenziwa udokotela. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, akukho lutho lomuntu okumelwe akwenze, ngakho lokhu kuqeda amaphutha omsebenzisi evamile. Izibonelo zezinzalo zokubeletha ezinokulingana okulingana okulinganayo kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa ukwehluleka okujwayelekile zokusebenzisa kukhona:
Into yokugcina okumele uyikhumbule uma kuziwa ezindabeni zokuhluleka kokulawula ukubeletha ukuthi ngokuvamile ibhekisela kwinombolo noma abesifazane (abangaphezu kuka-100) abasebenzisa indlela yokulawula ukubeletha abazokhulelwa phakathi nonyaka wokuqala wokusetshenziswa . Ngokwenzayo, kubonakala sengathi izinga lokuhluleka liye laphakama phakathi nonyaka wokuqala ukuthi usebenzise njalo ukukhulelwa komzimba othile. Kunezizathu eziningana zokuthi ukwehluleka kwamazinga kunganciphisa ngemuva kokusebenzisa indlela yonyaka owodwa. Lokhu kufaka:
- Okuhlangenwe nakho okuningi okusebenzisa indlela yokulawula ukuzalwa, ngcono ukusebenza kwayo. Uma ususebenzisa isikhathi eside, ngombono, usebenzise kahle kahle ikhono elihle futhi ungcono. Lokhu kufanele kusize ukunciphisa amaphutha omsebenzisi ajwayelekile.
- Abasebenzisi abangaphansi kokukhulelwa bangakhulelwa futhi bayeke ukusebenzisa ukuvimbela imithi (eshiya labo abasasebenzisa indlela ethile emva konyaka ukuba babe abasebenzisi abakhulu futhi abazinikezele).
- Izinga lokuzala labesifazane liyehliswa ngobudala, ngakho ngonyaka ngamunye odlulayo, akakwazi ukukhulelwa.
Imicabango Yokugcina:
Amanani okuhluleka asekelwe enani labantu abasebenzisa indlela yokulawula yokuzalwa esikhathini esizayo. Inombolo yezikhathi ocansini phakathi nalo nyaka ayifuni kulezi zindleko. Noma kunjalo, ukuvama kwakho ocansini kungaba yinye yezinqubo zakho zokukhetha indlela yokulawula ukuzalwa. Ngokuyinhloko, uma wazi ukuthi uzoba nobulili obukhulu, kungase kube ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile ukusebenzisa indlela ephumelelayo kakhulu ukuze ube nethuba elingcono lokungakhulelwa. Kumele ucabange ukuthi ukulimala okungakahlelwa kungaba yingozi kangakanani. Lezi ezinye zezinto okufanele zicatshangelwe uma ziqhathaniswa nezinga lokuhluleka kwezinqubo ezihlukene zokukhulelwa. Kumele futhi uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinga lokuphumelela / ukwehluleka okuthunyelwe, ezinye izici (ngaphezu kwephutha lomsebenzisi noma ukusetshenziswa okungahambisani) zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwezindlela ezithile zokulawula ukuzalwa. Lezi zingahluka kusuka ekukhuthazeni kwakho kuya kwesisindo semithi ethile oyisebenzisayo .
Uma uqhathanisa izindlela zokulawula ukubeletha, qiniseka ukuthi unake ukuthi ngabe izinombolo ezifakiwe zibhekisela kumazinga okuhluleka noma amazinga okusebenza kanye nokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile noma ukusetshenziswa okuphelele. Kufanele futhi unqume ukuthi ungathembeka kanjani ukuthi udinga ukukhulelwa kwakho. Ukuqonda indlela yokuhumusha izinga lokuhluleka, ukwazi izici ezingathinta ukusebenza komzimba, ukuhlola indlela yakho yokuphila nokuziphatha ngokocansi, nokunquma izinga lokuphumelela elamukelekayo kuwe kungasiza kakhulu kunoma yisiphi isinqumo sokulawula ukubeletha owenzayo.
Umthombo:
U-Trussell J, u-Hatcher RA, uCates W, uStewart FH, uKost K. Umhlahlandlela wokuhumusha izifundo zokuphumelela kokukhulelwa kokukhulelwa. I-Obstet Gynecol . 1990; 76: 558-67. Kufinyelelwe ngokubhalisa kwangasese.