Ukubheka ngokucacile kokuhlolwa kwe-Hemoglobin ne-Newborn Screen
Ukuzwa ingane yakho i-hemoglobin engavamile esikrinini esanda kuzalwa kungesabeka. Thatha umoya ojulile futhi ake sihlole ukuthi lokho kusho ukuthini wena nomntanakho.
Ukuhlola okusanda kuzalwa kuthuthukise kakhulu izimpilo zezingane eziningi ngokukhomba izifo ezisongela ukuphila njengezingane ezisanda kuzalwa ukuze ukwelashwa kungaqaliswa ngaphambi kokucindezeleka.
Lokhu kufeziwe ngokuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ukuhlolwa kokuhlola okufakiwe. Ngaphezu kokukhomba izimo ezibalulekile zezokwelapha, ngezinye izikhathi, lezi zivivinyo zikhomba izingane njengabathwali bezimiso.
Ngokucacile kuya ekuphazameni kwegazi, ukuhlolwa kokuzalwa okusha kusetshenziselwa ukubona izingane ezine- sickle cell isifo kanye ne- thalassemia (i-alpha ne-beta). Le ndawo yeskrini esanda kuzalwa ingase ibhalwe i-hemoglobinopathies, izinkinga ze-hemoglobin. Ukubona lezi zimo kuvumela ukuthunyelwa kokuqala kwesifo se-hematologist kanye nekhono lokuqala ukwelashwa okusindisa ukuphila ngaphambi kokucindezeleka. Nokho, ukuhlolwa okwenziwe akusho ngqo kulezi zinkinga.
Iyini i-Hemoglobin?
I-Hemoglobin iyiprotheni ehlala ngaphakathi kwegazi elibomvu legazi. I-hemoglobin ithwala i-oxygen esitokisini elibomvu segazi kuzo zonke izicubu zomzimba. Uma kungekho i-hemoglobin eyanele, ubizwa ngokuthi une- anemia . Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezibanzi zezinkinga ze-hemoglobin.
I-Hemoglobinopathies yizinkinga ngenxa yezinguquko zesakhiwo ku-hemoglobin. Isifo se-sickle cell yi-hemoglobinopathy ejwayelekile kakhulu. Kukhona futhi i-thalassemia, ukuphazamiseka ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwe-hemoglobin engasebenzi. Lezi ezimbili ezivame kakhulu kulezi zi- alpha thalassemia ne- beta thalassemia .
Uyini Isikrini Esisanda Kuzalwa Sibheka?
Ngemva nje kokubeletha, izinsana kufanele zenze izinhlobo ezimbili ze-hemoglobin, i-hemoglobin F (fetal) ne-hemoglobin A (omdala).
Ekuzalweni, umzimba kufanele wenze i-hemoglobin F ngaphezulu kune-hemoglobin A. Esikrinini esasanda kuzalwa somntwana ngaphandle kwe-hemoglobinopathy, umphumela uzofunda i-FA ekhombisa kuphela lezi zimo ezimbili ze-hemoglobins ezaziwa. Imiphumela ngaphandle kwe-FA ibhekwa njengokujwayelekile kodwa ayisho ukuthi ingane yakho ine-hemoglobinopathy. Isikrini esanda kuzalwa singakwazi futhi ukukhomba abathwali balezi zifo, okubizwa nangokuthi isimo sesimo.
Yiziphi Imiphumela Ezingenzeka Zokuhlolwa Kwangane?
Kukhona uhlu olude lwamathuba. Izinto ezivame kakhulu ezibalwe ngezansi zihlanganiswe i-hemoglobin ethintekile.
I-Hemoglobin S (i-sickle hemoglobin)
- I-FAS ibonisa umkhondo we-sickle cell.
- I-FS ibonisa isifo se-sickle cell, i-hemoglobin SS noma i-sickle beta zero thalassemia.
- I-FSA ibonisa i-wagle beta kanye ne-thalassemia, uhlobo oluvuthiwe lwesifo se-sickle cell.
- I-FSC ibonisa uhlobo lwesifo se-sickle cell okuthiwa i-hemoglobin SC.
I-Hemoglobin C-Hemoglobin C ibonakala sengathi ivela eNtshonalanga Afrika.
- I-FAC ikhombise ukuziphatha kwe-hemoglobin C noma inkampani yenethiwekhi.
- I-FC ibonisa isifo se-hemoglobin CC noma i-hemoglobin C beta zero thalassemia. Ngokuvamile lokhu kubangela ukuba i-anemia emnene kuya ekulinganiseni evunyelwe kahle.
- I-FCA ibonisa i-hemoglobin C beta plus thalassemia. Lokhu kungabangela i-anemia emnene.
I-Hemoglobin E-Hemoglobin E ivame kakhulu eSouth-mpumalanga Asia
- I-FAE ibonisa i-hemoglobin E isici noma isithwali.
- FE ibonisa i-hemoglobin EE noma i-hemoglobin E beta zero thalassemia. I-Hemoglobin EE inobumnene kakhulu ngokungabi nciphisa igazi. Amaseli abomvu e-hemoglobin EE amancane kakhulu (i-MCV ephansi). I-Hemoglobin E-beta zero thalassemia ingahluka kakhulu kusuka egazini le-anemia elilinganiselwe kuya kwegazi elixhomeke ekuxilweni. Ngenxa yokuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalezi ziphazamiso ezimbili ingane yakho ingase ibone isidumbu segazi ukuze sinqume ukuhlolwa kokugcina.
- I-FEA ibonisa i-hemoglobin E beta plus thalassemia. Lesi simo singahluka kakhulu. Ingane yakho ingase ibhekiswe ku-hematologist ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-hemoglobin
- I-FAOther ibonisa indlela ehlukile ye-hemoglobin. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1000 ze-hemoglobin futhi ezimbalwa zazo zibangela noma yiziphi izinkinga. Eziningi zazo zinguquko ezincane ezakhiwe ezingathinti umsebenzi we-hemoglobin. Kulesi simo, ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthola umsebenzi webhodi owengeziwe emva kwezinyanga ezingu-6 ukucacisa ukuthi ngabe lokhuhlukahluka kwe-hemoglobin kuyoba inkinga. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Hemoglobin zibizwa ngokuthi indawo ezachazwe kuqala. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-hemoglobin Austin, i-hemoglobin New York, ne-hemoglobin Philly.
I-Thalassemia
- UF ubonisa kuphela ukuthi kukhona i-beta thalassemia, cishe enkulu.
- Ama-FABarts ngokuvamile abonisa isici se-alpha thalassemia, isimo senkampani yenethiwekhi. Ezinye izingane ezinezici ze-alpha thalassemia ngeke zibonwe esikrinini esanda kuzalwa futhi zingase zitholwe kamuva ekuphileni.
- I-FA + ephakeme ye-Barts ibonisa ukuthi i-Hemoglobin H isifo, uhlobo lwe-alpha thalassemia.
Lokhu akulona uhlu oluphelele njengoba kunemiphumela eminingi engaba khona ekuhlolweni kwesikrini esanda kuzalwa. Uma unemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka mayelana nomphumela wesikrini sakho osanda kuzalwa, thintana nodokotela wezingane wengane yakho.