Izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela i-melanoma iso
I-melanoma ye-Ocular, noma i-melanoma iso, iyinhlobo engavamile yomdlavuza ethinta izingxenyana ezihlukahlukene zeso , ngokukhethekile umzimba we- choroid , umzimba we-ciliary, ne- iris . I-melanoma e-choroidal yiyona ndlela evame kakhulu yokulimala kwamehlo.
I-Melanoma ye-Eye (i-Melanoma ye-Ocular) - Umsuka
Abantu abaningi badidekile yi-aspect melanoma yalolu hlobo lomdlavuza wamehlo, njengoba i- melanoma ivame ukuhambisana nesikhumba .
I-melanomas ithuthuka kusuka kuma-melanocytes, amangqamuzana aqukethe i-pigment emnyama (i-melanin) echaza umbala wethu wesikhumba. Ama-melanocytes awawona kuphela esikhumbeni - angatholakala ezinyaweni, amehlo, nasezindlini zezinye izitho.
I- melanoma ye- Eye ivame ukuqala ungqimba oluphakathi leso elibizwa ngokuthi i-uvea. Lona ungqimba lapho izitsha zegazi zihamba khona ngeso. Ingqimba engaphandle iyisiplera (ingxenye ebomhlophe emhlophe) kanti ungqimba lwangaphakathi yi-retina (lapho izintambo nezigaxa eziyingxenye yechungechunge leso zithatha izibonakaliso ukuze zithumele ebuchosheni.) Ngezinye izikhathi i-melanoma iyenzeka futhi ku-conjuctiva noma ijwabu leso.
Lo mdlavuza uvame kakhulu kubantu asebekhulile nasezikhungweni ezineminyaka engama-70 ubudala. Utholakala kaningi emadodeni kunabesifazane. I-melanomas ye-Ocular ilandisa cishe ngama-5% we-melanomas.
Yini Ebangela I-Melanoma Yesiyingi?
Njengezinye izinhlobo eziningi zomdlavuza asiqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela ukuthi i-melanoma i-ocular ivele, kepha kukhona ukusola ukuthi kuhlobene nokuvezwa kwemisebe ye-UV yelanga.
Le mbono ingakafiki, kodwa.
Ngisho noma imbangela ye-melanoma ye-ocycle ingakabonakali, abacwaningi baye babona izimbangela zesifo. Izingozi ze-melanoma yochungechunge zifana nezingozi zengculaza yesikhumba futhi zihlanganisa:
- Ukuba nombala onobuhle noma umbala oboya obomvu nombala (amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma aluhlaza)
- Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside kwelanga noma imibhede yokuqothula
- Ikhono lokuthinta
- Umjaho waseCaucasia
- Ukuba ne-dysplastic nevus syndrome, isimo esibangela ama-moles angavamile
- Ukuba nokugqamile okungavamile kwejwabu leso noma uvea
- Ukuba ne-oculodermal melanocytosis, isimo esingavamile esibangela ukugqama okungavamile kwesiso nesikhumba ezungeze iso
Abacwaningi bafunda okuningi mayelana nomdlavuza we-cancer kanye ne-melanoma futhi kucatshangwa ukuthi ingozi engama-55% yomuntu we-melanoma ivela ngenxa yezifo zofuzo .
Izimpawu ze-Melanoma ye-Ocula
Ngezinye izikhathi azikho izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-melanoma ochungechunge, ikakhulukazi ezinkathini zokuqala. Kulezi zimo, i-melanoma iso livame ukutholakala ngokuhlolwa kweso ngeso lengqondo noma i-opthalmologist. Izimpawu ze-melanoma ze-Ocular zifaka:
- Umbono ophuthelwe ngeso elilodwa
- Ama-Floaters (amabala amancane "athambile" emkhakheni wakho wombono)
- Shintsha umbala we-iris noma indawo emnyama kwi-iris
- Shintsha esimweni somfundi
- Ukubona izibani ezikhanyayo
- Iso elibomvu ne / noma elibuhlungu
- I-bulging iso
- Ukulahlekelwa umbono wendawo noma ukulahlekelwa kombono wonke
Ngenxa yezindawo ezivame kakhulu lezi zicubu, ngokuvamile abantu abakwazi ukubona umdlavuza ngokwabo - ngamanye amazwi, ngokuvamile abavali esibukweni.
Ukuthola i-Melanoma ye-Ocular
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, i- biopsy ngokuvamile ayidingekile ezimweni eziningi ze-melanoma echungechunge.
Esinye sezivivinyo zokuqala abantu abaningi ababizwa ngokuthi i-ophthalmoscopy, esebenzisa indawo ekhethekile ukuthola umbono ojulile weso. Kufana nethuluzi lakho lobuchwepheshe noma udokotela osebenzisayo ukubuka iso lakho. Kuyinto engavamile futhi ayibuhlungu futhi yenze ngemuva kokuba udokotela wakho wezandla kuqala ehlanza amehlo akho.
I-ultrasound ingenziwa futhi ukubuka iso nezakhiwo ezizungezile. Amaconsi okumbumbulu anikezwa ngaphambi kokuskena ukuvimbela noma yikuphi ukungakhululeki. Ungacelwa ukuba ubheke ngezindlela ezihlukile ukuvumela ama-angles ahlukene wokubuka. Ama-ultrasound iso ngokuvamile athatha cishe imizuzu engu-15 noma ngaphansi.
Ezinye izivivinyo, njenge- MRI noma CT scan, zingenziwa uma kucatshangwa ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze ngaphesheya kweso.
Isibindi yisayithi elilodwa elivamile le-metastasis yomdlavuza womzimba. Lolu hlu lubonisa ukuthi i-melanoma isakazeka kuphi .
Ukwelashwa kwe-Melanoma ye-Ocula
Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma ye-ochungechunge kuncike kunoma yiliphi ingxenye yeso elithintekayo nokuthi ngabe lihlelwe yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.
Ukwelashwa kuyindlela eyodwa yokwelapha i-melanoma iso. Ukususwa kweso (i-enucleation) kungadingeka kwezinye izimo zezinambuzane ezinkulu lapho ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingafaneleki. Iso lokufakelwa lingadalwa ezimweni eziningi. Amehlo okugcoba namuhla anengqondo nakakhulu kunangaphambili. Zidalwa ngabantu abanekhono, abaqeqeshwe okuthiwa ama-ocularists. Ngokuvamile kuthatha noma yikuphi ukuqokwa okungu-4 kuya kwezingu-6 okumele kulungiswe iso lomzimba futhi kubekwe. Ikhwalithi kanye nethalenta lobuciko yizici ezimbili ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele uma ukhetha i-ocularist.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuyindlela ejwayelekile yokwelashwa kwe-melanoma ye-ocular. Kungenzeka kube yodwa ukwelashwa noma kwenziwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokwelashwa kwemisebe : yangaphandle nangaphakathi. Bobabili basebenzisa izinhlobo ezithile zamandla ukuphazamisa umsebenzi wamangqamuzana omdlavuza ukuze baqede futhi bavimbele ukuba bangene ngaphansi kwesigaba segciwane.
- Imisebe yangaphandle inikeza imisebe evela emshinini okhethekile ohlose indawo yesifo somzimba ngaphandle. Le ndlela yokwenza imisebe iqondile futhi ibeka umonakalo emzimbeni oseduze.
- Imishanguzo yangaphakathi (i-brachytherapy), evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i- plaque therapy uma ibhekisela ekwelapheni kwe-melanoma ye-ocular, isebenzisa "imbewu" noma "i-plaque" emisebe yomsakazo esetshenziselwa isayithi ukuze kutholakale ukwelashwa. Ngokuvamile, ihlala isetshenziselwa cishe izinsuku ezingu-7 futhi isusiwe. Lolu hlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-radiation therapy olusetshenziswa i-eye melanoma.
Ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuphumelela ngokumelene ne-melanoma ebonakalayo, kodwa ayiveli ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi. Amehlo abomvu, omile angumphumela ovamile ohlangothini. Ngezinye izikhathi i- cataracts ibangelwa ukwelashwa, kodwa ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yindlela yokuzikhipha. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-eyelash nokunciphisa kungase kwenzeke futhi. Ngokuvamile, ukwelashwa kwemisebe kungabangela umonakalo we-optic nerve, i- glaucoma , nemithambo engavamile yegazi ku-retina.
Ukwelashwa kwe-melanoma ye-metastatic ngokuvamile kufana nalokhu kwezinye izinhlobo ze-melanoma ye-metastatic . Nakuba izindlela eziningi zokwelashwa ezihlulekayo zikhona ngenxa yesifo se-metastatic, kunezinketho eziningi zokwelashwa kwe-melanoma chemotherapy.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvivinywa kokwelashwa okubheke ezithandweni ezibhekiswe kuzo kanye nokuzivikela komzimba kuqhubeka futhi kubonisa isithembiso sokuthi lokhu kuzoshintsha esikhathini esizayo.
Imithombo:
I-American Academy ye-Opthalmology. Iyini i-Melanoma ye-Ocular. Kubuyekezwe 08/02/12. http://www.aao.org/eye-health/diseases/what-is-ocular-melanoma
Blum, E., Yang, J., Komatasubara, K., no R. Carvajal. Ukulawulwa Kwemitholampilo Ye-Melanoma Evelelekile Neyengqungquthela. I-Oncology (i-Williston Park) . 2016. 30 (1): 29-32,34-43,48.
Chattopadhay, C., Kim, D., Gombos, D. et al. I-melveoma ye-Uveal: Ukusuka ekuxilongweni kuya kokwelashwa kanye nesayensi phakathi kwe-pakati. I-Cancer .
I-National Cancer Institute. Ukwelashwa kwe-Melanoma ye-Intraocular (Uveal) - Yabasebenzi bezeMpilo (PDQ). Kubuyekezwe 07/09/15. http://www.cancer.gov/types/eye/hp/intraocular-melanoma-treatment-pdq