Incazelo: Microsporidiosis iyisifo esithatha amathuba okubangwa yizinhlobo ezahlukene zefungum unicellular, microsporidia . Lesi sifo, esingathinta isisu somzimba kanye nezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kubonakala njalo kubantu abanamasosha omzimba ahlukumezekile, njengalabo abane- HIV . Ngokuvamile kunalokho, ukutheleleka kwenzeka uma inani le- CD4 lomuntu liwela ngaphansi kwamangqamuzana angu-100 / mL.
Ngenkathi i-microsporidiosis ijwayele ukuhambisana nezimpawu zamathumbu, kuhlanganise nesifo sohudo esibucayi nokubhubhisa , izinhlobo ezithile ze-microsporidia zingathinta izinso, amaphaphu, izoni, amehlo kanye nesistimu enkulu yezinzwa.
Ekuqaleni becatshangwa ukuthi i-protozoan, i-genetic research kamuva yaqinisekisa ukuthi i-microsporidia iyilungu lombuso wefungi. Kukhona okwamanje izinhlobo ezingu-14 ze-microsporidia ezaziwa ukuthelela abantu.
Amanani Okuvama
Ubufakazi bamanje bubonakala bubonisa ukuthi ukusabalalisa kwe-microsporidiosis phakathi kwama-America anesandulela ngculaza kuphansi, cishe u-1.6%. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo ziye zabonisa ukuthi ukusabalala kokutheleleka kwe-microsporidial kulabo bantu abasenesikhathi esilandelayo abanezimpawu ezingasetshenziswanga noma ezinomkhuhlane ophezulu noma ngaphezulu, cishe ku-39%.
Amamodeli wokuThunyelwa
Ukudluliselwa kwe-microsporidia akukacaci ngokuphelele, nakuba ucwaningo lubonakala lukhombisa ukuthi ama-spores angamafungula angangenwa, agxilwe, noma adluliselwe emathisini asengozini (njengeliso).
Ngesikhathi sokutheleleka, izinhlamvu ziphindaphinda ngaphakathi kwe-cytoplasm (okungukuthi, uketshezi lwangaphakathi) lwamangqamuzana anegciwane, nezinye izinhlobo-ezifana ne- Encephalitozooan intestinalis- ethinta isifo sohudo esibi kakhulu, kuyilapho ezinye-njenge- Encephalitozoon cuniculi- zithinta izinso kanye nesistimu enkulu yezinzwa.
Izimpawu ze-Microsporidiosis
Nakuba abantu abanekhono lokuzivikela bengatholakala ukuthi bane-microsporidiosis, ngokubanzi, lesi sifo sibonakala kulabo abane- AIDS .
Uma kuthinta umzila wamathunjini, isifo sohudo esibi kanye nokubhujiswa kuvame ukuphawula, ngokuvamile lapho kungabikho fever, ukuvuvukala noma umkhuhlane omkhulu. Ngokuvamile, izimpawu azifani nalokho okushiwo yi- cystoisosporiasis ne- cryptosporidiosis .
Izimpawu zingaba kude (kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ze-microsporidia eyodwa ezithathelwanayo) futhi zingabandakanya:
- Isikhukhula, sishaya futhi sisebenza ngokuphefumula
- Ukutheleleka kwe-arty tract
- Ububuthakathaka bemisipha nobuhlungu
- Izikhwehlela kanye nemigraines
- Umbono ophuphuthekile, ukuzwela okukhanya, ubuhlungu beso, ukudwengula ngokweqile
- Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal, ubuhlungu besinus
- I-gallbladder ene-inflamed
Ukuxilongwa kwe-Microsporidiosis
Ukuxilongwa kwe-microsporidiosis kusekelwa ukuboniswa kwezici zomtholampilo kanye ne-symptomatology; ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokuhlolwa (ukuhlolwa okuzithobayo kwindlela yokutheleleka kumuntu ngamunye); kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamathambo, umchamo, izicubu zomzimba, noma ezinye izikhukhula zomzimba.
Ukukhishwa kwe-electron microscopy, nakuba ibiza, inganikeza ukuxilongwa okucacile ngokucacisa ngokucacile izinhlamvu ze-microsporidia. Ngenye indlela, i-gram encane ibonisa ukuthi i-microscope elula ibhekwa ngempumelelo ekuboneni ukungena kwe-spore.
I- PCR ye- Genetic (i-polymerase chain reaction) ihlola ukutholakala kwe-microsporidia, kodwa cishe ngokuphelele kuzilungiselelo zocwaningo kuphela.
Ukwelashwa kwe-Microsporidiosis
Njengoba i-microsporidiosis ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa nokucindezelwa okukhulu kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi , kunconywa ukuthi ukwelashwa okuhambisana nama-antiretroviral (iparti) kufanele kulawulwe njengengxenye yenkambo yokuqala yokusebenza.
Isidakamizwa se-azole, i-albendazole, singasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwe-microsporidia, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezinjenge- E. intestinalis , nakuba ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuthi zingasebenzi kahle ekuphatheni ezinye izinhlobo. I-Itraconazole iphinda isetshenziswe kaningi nge-albendazole ekusakazeni isifo (ie, lapho sesakaze ngaphesheya kwesayithi langempela lesethulo).
I-fumagillin ye-antifungal nayo ibhekwa njengendlela enamandla, kanti ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuthi inesenzo esiphezulu ezimweni ze- E. bienusi ukutheleleka.
Noma kunjalo, ayitholakali ukusetshenziswa kwesistimu e-United States. Amaconsi e-fumagillin angama-topic ayatholakala ngezifo zeso, nakuba kunconywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe ngokubambisana ne-albendazole therapy.
Sicela uqaphele ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-albendazole okwamanje akunconywa ngesikhathi sokuqala kokukhulelwa ngenxa yokuhlolwa kwezilwane okubonisa ukuthi ubungozi bokukhubazeka kokubeletha. Kukhona okwamanje idatha enganele mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwe-albendazole ekukhulelweni kwabantu.
Ukuvimbela Microsporidiosis
Njengoba i-etiology (imbangela) ye-microsporidiosis ingacacile ngokuphelele, kunconywa ukuthi abantu abavimbekile emzimbeni balandela imikhombandlela efanayo ye-cystoisosporiasis, ehlanganisa ukugwema amanzi angaphathwa, inyama eluhlaza noma ukudla okulwandle okuluhlaza.
Igama lokubiza: mi-kro-spo-rid-ee-OH-suhs
Imithombo:
Keeling, P .; kanye noMadhani, H. "Imibuzo emihlanu mayelana ne Microsporidia". PLoS | Ama-Pathogens. Septemba 2009; 5 (9): e1000489.
UMnyango WezeMpilo waseMelika kanye Nezinsizakalo Zabantu (DHHS). "Imihlahlandlela Yokuvimbela Nokunakekelwa Kwezifo Ezingavamile Ezinganeni Ezikhulelwe Ne-Adolescent - I-Microsporidiosis." I-Rockville, e-Maryland; ibuyekezwe ngoMeyi 7, 2013
Dworkins, M .; I-Buskin, i-S .; Davidson, A .; et al. "Ukuvama kwe-intestinal Microsporidiosis ezigulini ezithintekayo ze-Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected with DHrrh in Major Major Amadolobha aseMelika." Lalela Funda Kudivayisi kuphela Kwengeziwe Buka Kufakiwe Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo. Novemba-Disemba 2007; 49 (6): 339-342.
UKotler, u-D. no-Orenstein, J. "Ukuvama kwe-intestinal Microsporidiosis kubantu abathintekayo nge-HIV okubhekiswe ekuhloleni kwe-Gastroenterological." I-American Journal ye-Gastroenterology. Novemba 1994; 89 (11): 1998-2002.
UMolina, J .; I-Tourneur, M .; USarfati, C .; et al. "Ukwelashwa kwe-Fumagillin ye-Intestinal Microsporidiosis". I-New England Journal of Medicine. June 2002: 346 (25): 196319699.